Die Modifizierung postfrontalen Absinkens durch stationäre Leewellen     

Dr. Georg Skoda 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1970,19(2):151-160

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Kaledonische Intrusivgesteine des Stavanger-Gebietes   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Prof. Dr. Georg Müller 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1970,25(1):52-65

An empirical approach has been taken to develop a geothermometer based on plagioclase-magmatic liquid equilibrium. Compositions of coexisting plagioclase and liquid (glass) obtained by electron microprobe analysis of quenched samples from equilibrium melting experiments of natural granitic rocks at water pressures of 0.5 and 1.0 kilobars have been used along with data from the equilibrium experiments of Bowen (1913, 1915), Prince (1943) and Yoder et al. (1957) to calibrate this geothermometer. Applications of this geothermometer to natural occurrences demonstrate that it can provide useful information on temperature of equilibration of coexisting plagioclase and liquid in rocks ranging in composition from basalt to rhyolite. The plagioclase geothermometer is in good general agreement with other geothermometers wherever these are applicable. Where temperatures are known from other sources it can be used to predict the equilibrium compositions of plagioclase in magmas as well as to provide a rough estimate of water pressure.  相似文献   

“Katzenaugen”, eine Rotorbewegung,deren Entstehung nicht an kleine Richardson-Zahlen gebunden ist     

Dr. Georg Skoda 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1971,20(4):343-352

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Lebendige Tektonik im Irak     

Georg Knetsch 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1955,43(1):227-232

Zusammenfassung Im folgenden werden einige Beobachtungen und Schlüsse über die nach W fortschreitende orogenetische Verformung der Iraniden mitgeteilt. Diese Faltung zeigt eine deutliche Wanderung und macht sich in den östlichen Bereichen Mesopotamiens noch in den letzten 1700 Jahren bemerkbar.  相似文献   

Big Earth data: disruptive changes in Earth observation data management and analysis?     

Martin Sudmanns  Dirk Tiede  Stefan Lang  Helena Bergstedt  Georg Trost  Hannah Augustin 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2020,13(7):832-850

ABSTRACT

Turning Earth observation (EO) data consistently and systematically into valuable global information layers is an ongoing challenge for the EO community. Recently, the term ‘big Earth data’ emerged to describe massive EO datasets that confronts analysts and their traditional workflows with a range of challenges. We argue that the altered circumstances must be actively intercepted by an evolution of EO to revolutionise their application in various domains. The disruptive element is that analysts and end-users increasingly rely on Web-based workflows. In this contribution we study selected systems and portals, put them in the context of challenges and opportunities and highlight selected shortcomings and possible future developments that we consider relevant for the imminent uptake of big Earth data.  相似文献   

Die Verknüpfung zwischen thermischer und radioelektrischer Stabilität bei trockenadiabatischer Schichtung und bei Inversionen     

Dr. Georg Skoda 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1969,18(1-2):157-162

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Rock Damage and Fluid Transport, Part I     

Georg Dresen  Ove Stephansson  Arno Zang 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2006,163(5-6):915-916

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Monitoring of atmospheric deposition in European forests and an overview on its implication on forest condition     

Richard Fischer  Volker Mues  Erwin Ulrich  Georg Becher  Martin Lorenz 《Applied Geochemistry》2007

Forest conditions in Europe have been monitored over 20 years jointly by the International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests) and the European Union (EU). Maps for mean bulk SO₄, NO₃ and NH₄ deposition at around 400 intensive monitoring plots in the years 1999–2001, as well as time trends for the period 1996–2001, are presented. Mean bulk SO₄ deposition at 169 plots mostly located in central Europe decreased from 7.4 to 5.8 kgS ha⁻¹ a⁻¹. Mean NH₄ bulk deposition decreased from 6.2 to 5.3 kgN ha⁻¹ a⁻¹. Nitrate bulk deposition fluctuated around 5 kgN ha⁻¹ a⁻¹. On average, throughfall deposition was considerably higher than bulk deposition. Time trends for mean tree crown defoliation as an overall indicator for forest condition show a peak in the mid 1990s for most of the monitored main tree species and a recent increase for the years 2003 and 2004. Multivariate linear regression analyses show some significant relations between deposition and defoliation. These relations depend on the tree species and site characteristics. Effects of deposition are moderated by the influence of biotic stress factors such as insects and fungi and by abiotic stress factors, such as weather.  相似文献   

Zur chemischen Variabilität regionalmetamorph gebildeter Plagioklase,Epidote und Granate     

Eckart Braun  Georg Müller 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1975,52(3):193-211

Plagioclases, Fe-rich epidotes and garnets coexisting in metamorphic rocks of basaltoid and granitoid substrata have been analyzed by standard microprobe techniques. The results presented are based on 34000 data on plagioclases, nearly 24400 on coexisting epidotes as well as of 5000 garnet data. The chemical variations within the singular plagioclase grain and in the range of a thin section are very comprehensive. Adjoining microfields (10–20 μm distance) exhibit differences in the An-contents between 30 and 80% rel. These observations are valid for nearly 78% of the examined plagioclases. Only in the higher amphibolite facies the An-variations are reduced to an average value of 32% rel. Merely the high temperature plagioclases with a compositional range of An 68-An 79 coexisting with clinopyroxene are largely homogeneous. Their variation is amounting to 6,5% An rel. The epidote chemisms reveal a dependance on both of the different substrata and their oxidation status. The maximum value of the Fe (III) substitution on the M₁ position in the epidote structure is reaching 97 molar per cent at the higher oxidized meta-granitoids and merely 87% at the metabasaltoids. The variations of the Fe/Al-proportions in the microfields are amounting to 5–20% as to the granitoid substrata and to 5–47% rel. as to the basaltoid substrata. In both of the substrata the garnets are very rich of almandine (40–70%). Besides variable amounts of grossularite and pyrope components they also contain 10–20% (basaltoids) and 1–20% (granitoids) spessartine. The most significant element variations are observed for the element Mn in garnets of granitoid origin. These variations attain 46% within the garnet grains. Only for the garnets of the basic substrata from the amphibolite facies one can state a homogenization. The reaction inertia in achieving metamorphic equilibrium is demonstrated by a selected metabasite sample of the amphibolite facies. It seems that only at temperature >600°C a homogenization of the plagioclases and garnets is initiated so that at low temperature a thermometry by means of An-contents in the plagioclases or Mn/Fe-relations in the garnets is not possible.  相似文献   

Die Bedeutung des Rückstandes von Druck-Lösungsvorgängen für stratigraphische Abfolgen,Wechsellagerung und Lagerstättenbildung     

Dr. Peter Trurnit  Prof. Dr. Georg Christian Amstutz 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1979,68(3):1107-1124

Zusammenfassung Druck-Lösungserscheinungen sind nicht auf stylolithische Kontakte beschränkt. Die Mehrzahl der Druck-Lösungsflächen ist glatt und nicht als solche erkennbar. Bei Abwesenheit von Stylolithisierung wird Druck-Lösungsrückstand meistens fälschlich als primäres Sediment angesprochen.Druckgelöstes Material wandert von Becken aus. Auf Schwellen führt es zu erhöhtem Stoffangebot für chemische und organische Ablagerung. Druckunlösliches Material konzentriert sich passiv in den Becken.Die Unterschiede zwischen benachbarten lithologischen Horizonten werden in stratigraphischen Abfolgen während der Diagenese über Druck-Lösungstätigkeit verstärkt. Wechsellagerungen können entstehen, indem relativ reine, fast monomineralische Horizonte (Kalkspat, Dolomit, Quarz) von Druck-Lösung kaum betroffen werden, während etwas mehr verunreinigte Schichten, besonders bei Gegenwart von Tonmineralien, bis auf ihren Lösungsrückstand zusammenschrumpfen können.Die während Faltung und Schieferung fortdauernde Druck-Lösungstätigkeit bewirkt weiteren Gesteinsschwund.Hauptsächlich synsedimentäre Lagerstätten können über Druck-Lösungsvorgänge während Diagenese und Orogenese eine weitere Anreicherung erfahren, indem Wertmineralien im Lösungsrückstand zurückbleiben. Verstärkte Anreicherungen sind in Richtung der Becken und Faltenschenkel zu erwarten.

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Pressure solution phenomena are not restricted to stylolitic contacts. The majority of pressure solution planes is smooth and not recognizable as such. Pressure solution residue in the absence of stylolitization is often misinterpreted as a primary sediment.Material dissolved under nonuniform pressure migrates from basins to ridges, where it leads to increased precipitation and organic deposition. The material that is insoluble under unilateral pressure thus becomes more concentrated in the basins.The differences between neighbouring lithological units in stratigraphic series are increased during diagenesis by pressure solution activity. Intercalations may result from relatively pure, almost monomineralic layers (e. g. calcite, dolomite, quartz) remaining relatively unaffected by pressure solution processes, while more impure layers, especially those containing clay minerals, may shrink to its solution residue.During folding and cleavage, continuing pressure solution activity results in further loss of rock matter.Mainly synsedimentary ore deposits may be further concentrated by pressure solution processes, both during diagenesis and orogenesis, leaving valuable minerals as part of the solution residue. Elevated concentrations are to be expected towards the basins and limbs of folds.

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Résumé Les phénomènes de dissolution par pression inégale ne sont pas limités aux contacts stylolithiques. La plupart des surfaces de dissolution par pression linéaire est lisse et sans caractères particuliers. En l'absence de stylolithisation, les résidus sont considérés souvent à tort comme des sédiments primaires.Le matériel dissous par pression linéaire migre du centre des bassins vers ses bords; cela conduit à un accroissement des dépÔts chimiques et organiques sur les seuils. Le matériel insoluble se concentre passivement au centre des bassins.Les différences entre horizons lithologiques voisins dans les séries stratigraphiques sont accentuées pendant la diagénèse par l'activité de dissolution par pression inégale. Il peut se former des alternances ou des horizons relativement »purs«, presque monominéraux (calcite, dolomite, quartz), qui ne sont pas touchés par la dissolution par pression inégale, tandis que des couches moins »pures« en raison de la présence en particulier de minéraux argileux, peuvent Être réduites à des résidus de dissolution.L'activité persistante de la dissolution par pression linéaire au cours du plissement et de la schistosité entraÎne une nouvelle diminution de matière dans la roche.Ce sont surtout les gisements synsédimentaires qui peuvent subir un enrichissement supplémentaire pendant la diagénèse et l'orogénèse, puisque ce sont les minéraux de valeur qui s'accumulent dans les résidus de dissolution. Ces enrichissements peuvent Être particulièrement renforcés en direction du centre des bassins et des flancs des plis.

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