The spatial pattern of Bedouin Sedentarization in Israel     

Ghazi Falah Dr. 《GeoJournal》1985,11(4):361-368

The bedouin in Israel form a small group (13%) within the state's Arab minority, and they completed their transition stage towards settled habits in the middle of the present century with the establishment of a relatively high number of villages and hamlets. It is the object of this paper to examine and define the nature of these patterns of rural settlements, which emerged in the two distinctive areas of Galilee and the Negev.The discussion in this paper is confined to the period of the state of Israel (1948–83), when changes in both the processes and the patterns of bedouin sedentarization took place under entirely new political conditions. After the establishment of the Jewish State of Israel in 1948, both Galilee and Negev bedouin sedentarization was completed within a period of a single decade (1950–60). However, the sedentarization pattern has further evolved during the past two decades and is likely to continue to do so until the end of the present century.In the Israeli period, the pattern of bedouin sedentarization has developed in two distinct directions. First, the bedouin themselves have built permanent structures for residential purposes, a process usually referred to as spontaneous bedouin settlement. Secondly, the state authorities have planned and established settlements. In this planned bedouin settlement, the state has been dominant in shaping the pattern. It is important to note that most bedouin settlement in Israel belong in the first category where the whole tribe or individual groups were the initiators of their settlements. This paper which was written by an author who belongs to the bedouin community, is based mostly upon fresh evidence from field research data, and is the first attempt to indicate the importance of the role of the state in shaping the settlement pattern. It is hoped to contribute to the study of nomadism as well as to the study of the Arabs in Israel.Paper presented at the 25th International Geographical Congress Paris 27–31 August 1984. The author would like to thank the Centre for Arab Heritage without whose support his attendance at this conference would not have been possible.  相似文献   

Adsorption capacity and mineralogical and physico-chemical characteristics of Shuwaymiyah palygorskite (Oman)     

Ahmed Al-Futaisi  Ahmad Jamrah  Amer Al-Rawas  Saif Al-Hanai 《Environmental Geology》2007,51(8):1317-1327

In this paper, Shuwaymiyah palygorskite in the Sultanate of Oman has been characterized mineralogically by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microscopy, chemically by oxide compositions, structural formulae, and cation exchange capacity (CEC), and physically by specific surface area and adsorption isotherms. Batch adsorption studies were performed to evaluate the adsorption performance of methylene blue (MB) basic dye on the local clay mineral. The quantitative XRD analysis indicates that the purity of some selected samples of palygorskite clay is very high (about 70% of the clay minerals are palygorskite and 30% kaolinite). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images clearly support this conclusion. The adsorption equilibrium revealed that Shuwaymiyah palygorskite clay can uptake up to 51 mg of MB per 1 g mass of clay. MB adsorption is best fitted by Langmuir isotherm, and a pseudo-second-order kinetic model can be efficiently used to predict the kinetic of adsorption of MB by the palygorskite. The results obtained from these laboratory-scale adsorption tests indicate the promising adsorption capability of the Omani palygorskite.  相似文献   

Numerical simulation of bolt‐supported tunnels by means of a multiphase model conceived as an improved homogenization procedure     

Patrick de Buhan  Emmanuel Bourgeois  Ghazi Hassen 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2008,32(13):1597-1615

This paper examines the possibility of applying a homogenization procedure to analyze the convergence of a tunnel reinforced by bolts, regarded as periodically distributed linear inclusions. Owing to the fact that a classical homogenization method fails to account for the interactions prevailing between the bolts and the surrounding ground and thus tends to significantly overestimate the reinforcement effect in terms of convergence reduction, a so‐called multiphase model is presented and developed, aimed at improving the classical homogenization method. Indeed, according to this model, the bolt‐reinforced ground is represented at the macroscopic scale as the superposition of two mutually interacting continuous phases, describing the ground and the reinforcement network, respectively. It is shown that such a multiphase approach can be interpreted as an extension of the homogenization procedure, thus making it possible to capture the ground–reinforcement interaction in a proper way, provided the constitutive parameters of the model and notably those relating to the interaction law can be identified from the reinforced ground characteristics. The numerical implementation of this model in a finite element method‐based computer code is then carried out, and a first illustrative application is finally presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

GEOLOGY AND STRUCTURAL CONTROLS ON SOME OF REE AND POLYMETALIC Nb-Zr-Ta DEPOSITS-BEARING ALKALINE-PERALKALINE ROCKS IN THE ARABIAN SHIELD, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA     

Maher A. El Amawy  Ghazi A. Kattu  Hassan M. Al Marzouki 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(Z1):750-751

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The factors controlling the expansive nature of the soils and rocks of northern Oman     

Amer A. Al-Rawas 《Engineering Geology》1999,53(3-4):327-350

The factors controlling the expansive nature of the soils and rocks in Northern Oman were studied. Basic geotechnical data from over 40 sites were collected and using empirical relationships, swelling potentials were identified. A laboratory testing program was carried out using undisturbed samples from these swell pressures up to 3.5 MPa, and swell percent values up to 30 were measured. The clay minerals and cations of these samples were determined and Na-smectite was identified as being the main clay-mineral present. Microfabric studies showed generally dense clay matrices. However, these swelling materials exist as impersistent bands with non-swelling soils and rocks which makes prediction of the ground heave problematic.  相似文献   

On writing Palestinian Geography: Guest editor's note     

Ghazi Falah 《GeoJournal》1990,21(4):315-316

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Geological and engineering characteristics of expansive soils and rocks in northern Oman   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Amer A. Al-Rawas  Ingeborg Guba  A. McGown 《Engineering Geology》1998,50(3-4):267-281

The geology and former climate of northern Oman favoured the formation of smectite clay minerals in certain materials which are implicated in ground heave problems. Investigations have shown that the smectite content of these expansive materials was developed in Oligocene, Miocene and Pliocene times. No evidence of a significant content of smectite was found in pre Eocene strata or in Quaternary strata, except for Desert Fill. It is shown that the main types of expansive materials in northern Oman are bentonitic mudstones, marls and silty mudstones, argillaceous dolomitic limestone, altered conglomerates and the desert fill derived from these. These swelling materials exist as impersistent bands within the bedrock Tertiary conglomerates and limestones. A geotechnical testing program was carried out on undisturbed samples from Sultan Qaboos University staff housing areas where building damage had occurred, to evaluate mineralogical composition, cation content and swelling characteristics. The test results characterized these soils/rocks as highly expansive type with Na-smectite as the dominant clay mineral.  相似文献   

Experimental study of the stability of metals associated with iron oxyhydroxides precipitated in acid mine drainage     

S. Rose  A. M. Ghazi 《Environmental Geology》1998,36(3-4):364-370

Iron oxyhydroxide precipitates associated with acid mine drainage (AMD) from the Stearns Coal Zone in southeastern Kentucky were analyzed for their metal (Al, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni, and Zn) content. The most concentrated metals within these sediments are nickel (27–32×10³μmol/kg), manganese (16–29×10³μmol/kg), and aluminum (13–22×10³μmol/kg) as determined by HCl-HNO₃ digestion. Metal concentrations associated with the organic fraction as determined by H₂O₂ digestion were generally far lower, with the exception of aluminum. "Batch" experiments (at initial pH=2.0) were used to analyze the stability of these metals associated with a contaminated soil. Aluminum was the most mobile of the metals, presumably the result of the formation of aluminum-sulfate aqueous complexes. The solubilization rates for nickel and iron were very similar, suggesting that nickel, unlike the other metals, coprecipitated with iron in these sulfatic oxyhydroxides. Received: 9 October 1997 · Accepted: 15 December 1997  相似文献   

Estimation of Tasuj aquifer response to main meteorological parameter variations under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways scenarios     

Ghazi  Babak  Jeihouni  Esmaeil  Kisi  Ozgur  Pham  Quoc Bao  Đurin  Bojan 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2022,149(1-2):25-37

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - In this study, statistical and soft-computing methods are compared in forecasting groundwater levels under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) SSP1-2.6,...  相似文献   

Erratum to: Transpressional regime in southern Arabian Shield: Insights from Wadi Yiba Area,Saudi Arabia     

Hamimi  Zakaria  El-Shafei  Mohamed  Kattu  Ghazi  Matsah  Mohammed 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2017,111(6):921-921

Mineralogy and Petrology -  相似文献