Enhancing the effectiveness of policy-relevant integrative research in rural areas     

Piran C L White  Steve Cinderby  Dave Raffaelli  Annemarieke de Bruin  Alison Holt  Meg Huby 《Area》2009,41(4):414-424

There has been much debate about the importance of policy-relevant research in geography over the last decade. There has also been an increasing recognition by policymakers of the importance of integrative (interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary) approaches to policy-relevant research. However, geographers have been more reluctant than their colleagues in other social and natural sciences to embrace integrative research collaborations. For integrative research to achieve its full potential and to encourage greater participation from the geographical research community, we need to increase our understanding of its potential value, but also some of the challenges that it poses, and how these can be overcome. In this paper, we consider the processes involved in conducting successful integrative research from the perspective of researchers involved in these projects. We base our analysis on the results of a questionnaire survey of international integrative research programmes on environmental issues in rural areas, combined with our own experiences of working in integrative research. We conclude that effective integrative research depends on the establishment of a clear conceptual framework, the use of appropriate temporal and spatial scales in the research, effective language and communication, time and commitment, and trust and respect. We also highlight the value of stakeholder involvement in integrative research to ensure the policy relevance of the work and provide a mechanism to assist with effective knowledge transfer of the results.  相似文献   

Detailed analysis of the geomagnetic ground survey performed in middle-northern Croatia over the time interval 2003–2005     

Eugen Vujić  Giuliana Verbanac  Vladis Vujnović  Antun Marki 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2009,53(4):497-517

During the time interval 2003–2005 a ground survey of the total magnetic field intensity in the middle-northern part of Croatia was performed, in order to get a detailed insight of the field distribution over the region. A special effort was done to understand the uncertainty and errors in data reduction, namely different amplitudes of the diurnal variations and different secular variations at the ground stations with respect to the observatories. For data reduction to epoch 2004.5 the total field recordings from AQU, FUR, NCK and THY geomagnetic observatories have been used. We estimate the mean determination error to be one order of magnitude smaller than the maximal reduction error. Multiple linear regression and the method of empirical orthogonal functions were applied on the ground survey and observatory time series. This allowed us to explain the correlations among them and the variance of the total field. Furthermore, we identified two sources of serious artificial disturbances caused by DC leakage: the tramway system of the capital and one railway station in neighbouring Slovenia. Also, we estimate the region free of these disturbances. The magnitude of one of them is estimated to be more than five nT at the distance of about 10 km.  相似文献   

A new multi‐proxy investigation of Late Quaternary palaeoenvironments along the north‐western Barents Sea (Storfjorden Trough Mouth Fan)          下载免费PDF全文

Romana Melis  Katia Carbonara  Giuliana Villa  Caterina Morigi  María A. Bárcena  Giovanna Giorgetti  Andrea Caburlotto  Michele Rebesco  Renata G. Lucchi 《第四纪科学杂志》2018,33(6):662-676

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Anthropogenic and natural disturbance effects on a macrobenthic estuarine community over a 10-year period   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dolbeth M  Cardoso PG  Ferreira SM  Verdelhos T  Raffaelli D  Pardal MA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(5):576-585

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Physics and Seismic Modeling for Monitoring CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> Storage     

José?M.?CarcioneEmail author  Stefano?Picotti  Davide?Gei  Giuliana?Rossi 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2006,163(1):175-207

We present a new petro-elastical and numerical-simulation methodology to compute synthetic seismograms for reservoirs subject to CO₂ sequestration. The petro-elastical equations model the seismic properties of reservoir rocks saturated with CO₂, methane, oil and brine. The gas properties are obtained from the van der Waals equation and we take into account the absorption of gas by oil and brine, as a function of the in situ pore pressure and temperature. The dry-rock bulk and shear moduli can be obtained either by calibration from real data or by using rock-physics models based on the Hertz-Mindlin and Hashin-Shtrikman theories. Mesoscopic attenuation due to fluids effects is quantified by using White's model of patchy saturation, and the wet-rock velocities are calculated with Gassmann equations by using an effective fluid modulus to describe the velocities predicted by White's model. The simulations are performed with a poro-viscoelastic modeling code based on Biot's theory, where viscoelasticity is described by generalizing the solid/fluid coupling modulus to a relaxation function. Using the pseudo-spectral method, which allows general material variability, a complete and accurate characterization of the reservoir can be obtained. A simulation, that considers the Utsira sand of the North Sea, illustrates the methodology.  相似文献   

Long-term changes in the production by estuarine macrobenthos affected by multiple stressors   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. Dolbeth  P.G. Cardoso  T.F. Grilo  M.D. Bordalo  D. Raffaelli  M.A. Pardal 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

The macrobenthic production of an estuarine system was evaluated over a 14-year study period in a seagrass bed and in a sandflat. Over this period, the estuary suffered severe eutrophication and extreme weather events with important impacts on the community, impairing system functioning and ultimately the goods and services provided by the estuary (decline in the seagrass bed, decreased community production and/or a boost in the production by opportunist species, such as Hydrobia ulvae). Following the anthropogenic impacts, management measures were introduced which allowed a gradual recovery of the seagrass bed and a new macrobenthic community structure manifested by production increases of slow-growing species, such as Scrobicularia plana and Hediste diversicolor. There was a gradual re-orientation of energy into population biomass instead of population density but this was not translated into higher community production, mainly due to the decreased production of opportunist species (H. ulvae and several polychaetes). Several weather extreme events occurred during this post-mitigation phase - floods, heatwaves and droughts, all of which had negative impacts on macrobenthic dynamics and production. The heatwaves led to the greatest decreases in macrobenthic production, mainly due to S. plana perhaps associated with its physiological intolerance of higher temperatures. The prolonged drought that followed the heatwaves maintained low levels of production by S. plana and H. ulvae. With climate change, the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events are likely to increase worldwide so that the recovery of impacted/disturbed systems from impacts such as eutrophication may be seriously affected by these additional stressors, compromising attempts to improve the ecological quality of estuarine ecosystems.  相似文献   

The Early Miocene “Bisciaro volcaniclastic event” (northern Apennines,Italy): a key study for the geodynamic evolution of the central-western Mediterranean     

Francesco Guerrera  Manuel Martín-Martín  Giuliana Raffaelli  Mario Tramontana 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2015,104(4):1083-1106

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Voyager EUV solar spectra during 1981–1993     

Giuliana de Toma  R. J. Vervack Jr.  B. R. Sandel  R. Stalio 《Solar physics》1994,152(1):315-315

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Biomonitoring of Trace Metals by Different species of Lichens (Parmelia) in North-West Italy     

Vincenzo Minganti  Renzo Capelli  Giuliana Drava  Rodolfo De Pellegrini  Giorgio Brunialti  Paolo Giordani  Paolo Modenesi 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2003,45(3):219-229

The concentrations of Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn were measured in four different species of lichens (Parmelia caperata, P. pastillifera, P. saxatilis, P. sulcata) sampled in North-West Italy, in order to obtain maps showing metal distribution and the degree of deviation from background (natural) conditions. Significant differences among the species were found for Zn, Mn, Pb and V, suggesting that the combined use of mixed species in biomonitoring surveys can affect the interpretation of results. Results obtained for Parmelia caperata samples have been compared with background (natural) levels, and maps showing the distribution of each metal expressed as deviation from background levels have been obtained. Overall such maps show a medium to high alteration degree in the study area.  相似文献   

A low magnitude seismic sequence near Isernia (Molise,Central Italy) in January 1986     

Giuliana Alessio  Cataldo Godano  Antonella Gorini 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1990,134(2):243-260

Following the increase in seismic activity which occurred near Isernia (Molise, Central Italy) in January 1986, a digital seismic network of four stations with three-component, short-period seismometers, was installed in the area by the Osservatorio Vesuviano. The temporary network had an average station spacing of about 8–10 km and, in combination with permanent local seismic stations, allowed the accurate determination of earthquake locations during an operating period of about one month. Among the 1517 detected earthquakes, 170 events were selected with standard errors on epicentre and depth not greater than respectively 0.5 and 1.5 km. The most frequent focal depths ranged between 4 and 8 km, while the epicentres distribution covered a small area NE of Isernia of about 10 km². A main rupture zone could not be clearly identified from the spatial distribution of the earthquakes, suggesting a rupture mechanism involving heterogeneous materials. The activity was characterized by low energy levels, the largest earthquake, on January 18, 1986, havingM _D =4.0. The time sequence of events and pattern of seismic energy release revealed a strong temporal clustering of events, similar to the behaviour commonly associated with seismic swarms.  相似文献