论测绘运筹学与GIS工程建设     

龚强  赵育凤 《地理信息世界》2000,(1)

本文简要介绍了测绘运筹学及其性质：系统科学体系结构；系统特征；系统方法与原理。在此基础上讨论了测绘运筹学与ＧＩＳ的关系及在ＧＩＳ工程建设中的应用。  相似文献   

利用非差资料的精密点定位方案     

黄珹  胡小工  程宗颐 《天文学报》2001,(3)

单站精密定位 (PrecisePointPositioning ,以下简称PPP)是在同时固定GPS精密星历和卫星钟的前提下 ,利用载波相位和伪距资料进行单台站的精密点定位 .采用该方法时不同台站之间不存在共同的待估参数 ,即各台站互不相关 ,这一特点大大降低了计算量 .采用美国喷气推进实验室JPL发展的数据处理软件GIPSY处理APSG联测资料 ,计算表明PPP的重复率相当于目前国内普遍采用的双差解算结果 .采用较好保持地面网构型的无基准算法 ,计算表明通过Helmert参考系转换后 ,PPP的解算结果与双差算法的外符精度大致相当 .解算表明 ,采用PPP处理 1 0 0个台站约需 3 .5小时 ,而处理同样的资料采用双差算法则需 1 8～2 0小时 .对于我国即将建成的大科学工程或地震监测的多达 2 0 0 0个接收机的GPS网而言 ,在保持精度前提下的节省计算资源和计算时间的PPP解算方案值得广泛的应用  相似文献   

Supernova constraints on alternative models to dark energy     

Yungui Gong  Chang-Kui Duan 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2004,352(3):847-851

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雷达发射机灯丝电源故障维修     

弓宇恒  李庆君  蔺汝罡 《气象科技》2013,41(3):587-590

灯丝电源是一个交流稳压电源,通过灯丝中间变压器和位于油箱中的脉冲变压器及灯丝变压器,为速调管灯丝供电.2011年7月18日,内蒙古气象局通辽天气雷达站的CINRAD/CB雷达发射机反复出现灯丝电源故障,且无法加高压导致雷达停机,经分析和排查故障原因,最终排除了雷达故障.就此次故障的出现,分析其原因,举一反三,对雷达台站在今后的工作中加强备件的管理和测试数据的管理有一定的启示.  相似文献   

Interdecadal modulation of ENSO amplitude by the Atlantic multi-decadal oscillation (AMO)     

Gong  Yuhan  Li  Tim  Chen  Lin 《Climate Dynamics》2020,55(9-10):2689-2702

The impact of the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO) on the ENSO amplitude was investigated through observational analyses. During the past 90 years the interdecadal variability of ENSO intensity is significantly correlated with the AMO. ENSO variability was strengthened (weakened) during a negative (positive) AMO phase. An ocean mixed layer heat budget analysis reveals that the thermocline feedback is the main process regulating AMO negative phase dependent ENSO growth characteristic. A further examination indicates that a strengthened atmospheric response to unit SST anomaly, an enhanced thermocline response to unit wind stress forcing and a strengthened subsurface temperature response to unit thermocline variation all contribute to the enhanced thermocline feedback during the negative phase of AMO. Such changes are attributed to the increase of background moisture, the weakening of mean subtropical cell (STC) and increase of upper ocean vertical temperature gradient respectively.

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南海北部边缘盆地天然气成因类型及成藏时间综合判识与确定   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

何家雄马文宏  祝有海龚晓峰 《中国地质》2011,38(1):145-160

20世纪90年代以来,南海北部边缘盆地天然气勘探进展迅速,除早期在琼东南盆地发现YC13-1气田以外,陆续在莺歌海盆地发现了DF气田群和LD气田群,在珠江口盆地发现了WC气田群及PY气田群,近期在珠江口盆地南部深水区则发现了LW-LH气田群。这些气田群气藏天然气组成,主要以烃类气为主,但莺歌海盆地气田群部分区块及层段亦含有丰富的CO2(二氧化碳)和N2(氮气)等非烃气。根据天然气地质地球化学特征,借鉴国内外通用判识划分方法及指标,该区烃类气可综合判识与划分为生物气及亚生物气、成熟油型气、成熟-高熟煤型气及高熟-过熟气等成因类型;该区非烃气CO2可划分为壳源型(有机/无机)、壳幔混合型及火山幔源型等三大成因类型。非烃气N2则可划分为大气成因、壳源型有机成因和壳源型有机-无机混合成因等3种主要成因类型。对于不同气藏烃类气形成及成藏时间判识与厘定,主要依据其地球化学特征及生烃动力学、同位素动力学模拟实验和含烃盐水包裹体及自生伊利石Ar-Ar同位素定年,并结合具体成藏地质条件分析而综合判识与确定;对于非烃气形成及成藏时间,则主要根据伴生烃类气形成时间,并结合温压双控热模实验结果及地质条件综合判识与确定。  相似文献   

Ambient distribution of particulate- and gas-phase <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Tibetan Plateau     

Ping Gong  Xiaoping Wang  Tandong Yao 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(7):1703-1711

Attention has been paid for the levels, sources and health risks of atmospheric aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (n-alkanes and PAHs) in remote areas, however, few studies have focused on those in the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, 18 pairs of atmospheric samples were obtained during the period from August 2006 to July 2007 in Lhasa, the capital city of Tibet. Both gas-phase and particulate-phase n-alkanes and PAHs were measured. Concentrations of n-alkanes (gas + particulate phase, 99.1–480.9 ng/m³) and PAHs (gas + particulate phase, 11.4–72.5 ng/m³) in Lhasa are lower than those in many cities. The sources of n-alkanes related to biological and petroleum sources were 67 and 33%, respectively. According to the results of diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis, emission of traffic vehicles was one of the important PAH sources, and sources of benzo(a)pyrene was likely attributed to incense burning. Good simulations were obtained by traffic soot-based model for fluoranthene, pyrene and benzo(a)anthracene, while, wood soot-based model fitted the experimental results of benzo(a)pyrene better. This meant atmospheric fate of PAHs was mainly influenced by the adsorptive partitioning that occurred during traffic and incense burning procedures. In addition, the benzo[a]pyrene-equivalent carcinogenic power (BaPE) in the present study (0.1–1.6 ng/m³) is lower than those in other cities and also the air quality standard of China, suggesting that atmospheric PAHs caused low health risks.  相似文献   

船舶破舱浮态方程求解范围研究     

张恭  胡铁牛 《海洋工程》2011,29(3):108-111

在计算船舶的破舱浮态时,常存在一些极端情况以至于迭代计算过程无法正常收敛求解.为了在计算中预先判断浮态方程是否有解,基于船舶倾覆的原理,预估了破舱浮态方程的有解范围,以及船舶可以承受的最大损失浮力,对求解浮态方程的迭代方法及其计算模型有参考价值.  相似文献   

Temporal and spatial variation in soil respiration of poplar plantations at different developmental stages in Xinjiang, China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

M. Yan  X. Zhang  G. ZhouJ. Gong  X. You 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(1):51-57

Soil respiration is essential for the understanding of carbon sequestration of forest plantations. Soil respiration of poplar plantations at three developmental stages was investigated in 2007 and 2008. The results showed that mean soil respiration rate was 5.74, 5.10 and 4.71 μmol CO₂ m⁻² s⁻¹ for stands of 2-, 7- and 12-year-old, respectively, during the growing season. Soil temperature decreased with increasing plantation age and canopy cover. As plantation matured, fine root biomass also declined. Multiple regression analysis suggested that soil temperature in the upper layer could explain 73-77% of the variation in soil respiration and fine root biomass in the upper layer could explain further 5-8%. The seasonal dynamics of soil respiration was mainly controlled by soil temperature rhythm and fine root growth since soil water availability remained adequate due to monthly irrigation. Spatial variability of soil respiration varied considerably among three age classes, with the coefficient of variation of 28.8%, 22.4% and 19.6% for stands of 2-, 7- and 12-year-old, respectively. The results highlight the importance of the development stage in soil carbon budget over a rotation, since both temporal and spatial variation in soil respiration displayed significant differences at different developmental stages.  相似文献   

Modelling to analyse the impacts of animal treading effects on soil infiltration     

Y. Q. Tian  R. McDowell  Q. Yu  G. W. Sheath  W. T. Carlson  P. Gong 《水文研究》2007,21(8):1106-1114

Animal treading can change soil physical properties, and thus is an important factor in hydrological modelling. We investigated the impacts of animal treading on infiltration by using a series of rainfall simulation experiments at Whatawhata Research Center, Waikato, New Zealand. The study identified significant variables for estimating soil steady‐state infiltration at a micro‐site (0·5 m²) and fitted the Green and Ampt equation by modifying or including variables for soil and water parameters and animal activities on grazing paddocks. A regression function for estimating steady‐state infiltration rate was created for each of four scenarios: between tracks (inter‐track), track, easy slope with ash soil, and easy slope with clay soil. Significant variables included the number of days after treading, antecedent soil moisture, field capacity, percentage of bare ground, bulk density, and the high degree of soil damage (damage not compacted). Regression models explained more than 71% of the variance in steady‐state infiltration for three scenarios, but only 53% for the easy slope with clay soil. The remodified Green and Ampt equation provided satisfactory estimation of infiltration for all scenarios (accuracy > 80%), and thus enables us to use the modified model for Waikato hill country pastures of different topography, soil physical condition, season and grazing management. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献