Macrophyte detritus in the winter diet of the estuarine mysid,Neomysis americana     

Gregory Zagursky  Robert J. Feller 《Estuaries and Coasts》1985,8(4):355-362

Neomysis americana, a common prey item in the diet of estuarine fish, is seasonally abundant in saltmarsh tidal creeks of North Inlet, South Carolina. Visual examination of mysids collected in winter revealed only diatom tests in their guts, with nearly all of the ingesta unidentifiable. Immunological diet analysis provided strong evidence that proteins fromSpartina alterniflora detritus were present in the guts of field-collected mysids. Laboratory determinations of weight-specific ingestion rates for male and female mysids fed particulateS. alterniflora were best described by a curvilinear quadratic function. Ingestion rates ranged from zero to 0.116 mg C ingested per mg C body weight per hr, or greater than 200% of body carbon per day if continuous feeding is assumed. These high ingestion rates may indicate low assimilation efficiency, but ifN. americana’s assimilation efficiency is similar to that of other mysid species, then this mysid may represent an efficient trophic link between saltmarsh macrophyte production and higher trophic levels. The occurrence ofSpartina detritus in the guts of winter mysids suggests that detritivory may be important during periods of scarce food.  相似文献   

Erratum     

Vanavan Ekambaram  Iwao Kawabe  Tsuyoshi Tanaka  Andrew M. Davis  Lawrence grossman 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1985,49(5):1293

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The role of salt in fold-and-thrust belts     

Dan M. Davis  Terry Engelder 《Tectonophysics》1985,119(1-4)

The style of deformation in thin-skinned fold-and-thrust belts is critically dependent upon the resistance to sliding along the detachment between the mass of deforming sediments and the underlying rocks. Evaporites can provide an extremely weak horizon within which a basal detachment can form and along which only a relatively small shear traction can be supported. Fold-and-thrust belts that form atop a salt layer, such as the Appalachian Plateau, the Franklin Mountains in northwestern Canada, and the Jura of the Alps, among others, share several readily observable characteristics. As predicted by a simple mechanical model for fold-and-thrust belts, a detachment in salt permits a thrust belt to have an extremely narrow cross-sectional taper. In addition, predicted orientations of the principal stress axes over a salt décollement are consistent with the commonly observed lack of a consistently dominant vergence direction of structures within the thrust belt. Other common attributes of salt-basal thin-skinned deformation include the presence of several widely but regularly spaced folds and abrupt changes in deformational style at the edge of the salt basin.  相似文献   

A fluid inclusion study of the porphyry-greisen,tungsten-molybdenum deposit at Mount Pleasant,New Brunswick,Canada     

W. J. Davis  A. E. Williams-Jones 《Mineralium Deposita》1985,20(2):94-101

Homogenization temperatures and salinity data are presented for fluid inclusions from hydrothermal gangue minerals (quartz and fluorite) associated with porphyry wolframite-molybdenite-arsenopyrite-sphaleritebismuth-chalcopyrite-cassiterite mineralization within the Fire Tower ore zone, Mt Pleasant, New Brunswick. The data indicate that ore mineral precipitation occurred within a temperature range of 260° to 490°C from moderate to high salinity (10–42 wt% NaCl equivalent) aqueous fluids. Two stages of hydrothermal activity characterized by high (>30 wt% NaCl equivalent) salinity fluids are recognized; one which occurred at relatively high temperature (350°–490°C); and one which took place at lower temperature (180°–250°C). The high salinity, high temperature stage is interpreted to be the result of resurgent boiling. Dilution of these early fluids by convecting meteoric water resulted in low to moderate salinity fluids, which dominate the inclusion population. The low temperature, high salinity fluid inclusions are interpreted to represent late residual fluids derived from boiling which occurred as a result of a change in the pressure regime from dominantly lithostatic to hydrostatic conditions.  相似文献   

Provincialism and correlations between some properties of vitrinites     

John M. Jones  Alan Davis  Alan C. Cook  Duncan G. Murchison  Ernest Scott 《International Journal of Coal Geology》1984,3(4):315-331

Optical and chemical properties for hand-picked samples of vitrinite from a number of British coalfields are correlated and the correlations compared with previously published data. The form of the relationship found for the properties of British vitrinites is generally similar to that exhibited by a number of other sets of analyses, but some significant differences also exist in several of the correlations. For maximum reflectance as a function of carbon content, the present data indicate that at medium and low ranks, maximum reflectance is lower than the level suggested by most previous studies. The relationships of volatile-matter yield to reflectance and carbon content suggest that at low ranks, volatile-matter yield is strongly dependent upon the nature of the coalification history of the vitrinite. Furthermore, these correlations are likely to show provincialism, in that correlations which hold for one coalfield may not be representative of the relationship in other coalfields. Similarly, major differences in relationships involving bireflectance are associated with the tectonic setting at the time of effective coalification. The data presented here indicate that for low-rank coals at least, correlations between properties of vitrinites must take account of provincialism if they are to be sufficiently reliable to be useful. The measurement of a number of rank-sensitive variables can yield additional information about rank, as compared with the use of a single rank-sensitive variable.  相似文献   

Carbohydrate sources in a coastal marine environment     

Gregory L Cowie  John I Hedges 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1984,48(10):2075-2087

Individual neutral sugars in sediments, sediment trap materials and major biological sources of a coastal marine environment (Dabob Bay, Washington State) were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography of equilibrated isomeric mixtures. Plankton, bacteria, and vascular plant tissues of different types yielded reproducible and biochemically consistent compositional patterns. These patterns, when expressed in simple parameters, allowed distinctions between marine and terrestrial carbohydrate sources as well as among the major different types of vascular plant tissues. Plankton and bacteria, due to their compositional diversity, were not further distinguishable by carbohydrate compositions alone. Carbohydrate compositions of Dabob Bay sediments and sediment trap materials, interpreted using source-indicator parameters, indicate a predominantly marine origin with increased relative input of terrestrially-derived carbohydrates in winter periods of low phytoplankton productivity. Both plankton and grasses are indicated as major carbohydrate sources during spring. Glucose yield enhancement factors, determined by comparative acid pretreatments, confirm the general predominance of α-cellulose-poor marine polysaccharides and increased levels of α-cellulose-rich vascular plant remains in winter sediment trap samples.  相似文献   

Lamprothamnium prosperity in permannetly hypersaline water     

J. S. Davis  Y. Lipkin 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1986,48(2):240-246

The leuco-halophytic charophyte,Lamprothamnium papulosum, readily germinates, grows and reproduces in C1 Pond of ICI's solar saltworks near Port Alma, a permanently hypersaline waterbody in Queensland, Australia. Its morphology very much resembles that ofChara corallina, although the two central cells of the axial node are subdivided, a feature found inLamprothamnium but not inChara. Some of the characteristics of the Port Alma population, like the occurrence of a considerable proportion of pedicellate gametangia among the normal sessile ones, or the deviation in the sizes of some plant parts from the ranges that have been reported previously, are unusual, even for this highly variable species. Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. 6876  相似文献   

Ground-Water Problems in the Mesozoic Pax Mountain Fault Zone     

David S. Snipes  Peter R. Manoogian  Michael W. Davis  Laura L. Burnett  Jerry A. Wylie  Steven B. Heaton 《Ground water》1986,24(3):375-381

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REPLY TO the Discussion by James F. Quinlan of Ground Water Tracers     

Stanley N. Davis 《Ground water》1986,24(3):398-399

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Contrasting climatic histories for the Snake River Plain, Idaho, resulting from multiple thermal maxima     

Owen K. Davis  John C. Sheppard  Susan Robertson 《Quaternary Research》1986,26(3)

Ten sites near the Snake River Plain have consistent differences in their climatic histories. Sites at low elevation reflect the “early Holocene xerothermic” of the Pacific Northwest, whereas most climatic chronologies at high elevation indicate maximum warmth or aridity somewhat later, ca. 6000 yr ago. This elevational contrast in climatic histories is duplicated at three sites from the central Snake River Plain. For sites in such close proximity, the different chronologies cannot be explained by changes in atmospheric circulation during the late Quaternary. Rather, the differences are best explained by the autecology of the plants involved and the changing seasonal climate. The seasonal climatic sequence predicted by multiple thermal maxima explains the high- and low-elevation chronologies. During the early Holocene, maximum insolation and intensified summer drought in July forced low-elevation vegetation upward. However, moisture was not a limiting factor at high elevation, where vegetation moved upward in response to increased length of growing season coincident with maximum September insolation 6000 yr ago.  相似文献