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81.
正Objective Shale oil occurs in free state(including condensate state),adsorption state(adsorbed on kerogen and mineral particles)and dissolved state(dissolved in natural gas,residual water,etc.)in shales and adjacent layers.The characterization of the occurrence of different hydrocarbons in shale oil,especially the quantitative 相似文献
82.
电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定水系沉积物中的铌钽锆铪 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定水系沉积物中铌、钽、锆、铪四种元素的分析方法。将样品与氢氧化钠、过氧化钠混合物放入高温炉中,熔融分解完全,用热水提取,过滤后弃去滤液,将滤纸及沉淀用酒石酸-盐酸溶液溶解,稀释至刻度测定。方法检出限(3s)为:LD(Nb)=0.08μg/g,LD(Ta)=0.04μg/g,LD(Zr)=0.5μg/g,LD(Hf)=0.04μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=6)为:0.84%~4.21%。该测定方法具有灵敏度高、精密度好、分析速度快、线性范围宽、操作性强等优势。采用该方法对国家一级标准物质进行测定表明,其结果与标准值吻合。此方法已在实际地质调查样品分析中得到应用。 相似文献
83.
84.
姜家位于山东省烟台海阳市北部。在进行烟台地区古生物化石调查的过程中,发现了姜家这一白垩纪水南组良好的露头剖面,在其页岩中赋存丰富的动植物化石,计有玉门延吉叶肢介、长壳延吉叶肢介、中华狼鳍鱼、松柏纲和银杏纲植物化石及昆虫化石。根据前人化石保护评价方法,结合化石的赋存层位、赋存条件、化石类型及保护现状,计算了海阳姜家质量综合指数,认为其属于重点保护区级别;最后根据当地自然情况及工程影响,圈定了保护区范围,并制定了相应的保护措施。 相似文献
85.
86.
In organic-rich gas shales, clay minerals and organic matter (OM) have significant influences on the origin, preservation, and production of shale gas. Because of the substantial role of nanoscale pores in the generation, storage, and seepage of shale gas, we examined the effects of clay minerals and OM on nanoscale pore distribution characteristics in Lower Paleozoic shale gas reservoirs. Using the Niutitang and Longmaxi shales as examples, we determined the effects of clay minerals and OM on pores through sedimentation experiments. Field emission–scanning electron microscopy combined with low-pressure N2 adsorption of the samples before and after sedimentation showed significant differences in pore location and pore size distribution between the Niutitang and Longmaxi shales. Nanoscale pores mostly existed in OM in the Longmaxi shale and in clay minerals or OM–clay composites in the Niutitang shale. The distribution differences were attributed largely to variability in thermal evolution and tectonic development and might account for the difference in gas-bearing capacity between the Niutitang and Longmaxi reservoirs. In the nanoscale range, mesopores accounted for 61–76% of total nanoscale pore volume. Considerably developed nanoscale pores in OM were distributed in a broad size range in the Longmaxi shale, which led to good pore connectivity and gas production. Numerous narrow pores (i.e., pores?<?20 nm) in OM–clay composites were found in the Niutitang shale, and might account for this shale’s poor pore connectivity and low gas production efficiency. Enhancing the connectivity of the mesopores (especially pores?<?20 nm and those developed in OM–clay composites) might be the key to improving development of the Niutitang shale. The findings provide new insight into the formation and evolutionary mechanism of nanoscale pores developed in OM and clay minerals. 相似文献
87.
Some Au deposits in southern Anhui Province have recently been found to be closely associated with Late Mesozoic intrusions. Typical examples include the Huashan Au (Sb) deposit and Au deposits at Zhaojialing, Wuxi, and Liaojia. In order to understand the mechanisms that led the formation of these Au deposits, we make detailed reviews on the geological characteristics of these Au deposits. Specifically, we present new LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating, along with elemental and Hf isotopic data from the Huashan Au (Sb) deposit. Our data suggests that the Huashan ore-related intrusions were emplaced during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous periods (144–148 Ma). They are characterized by arc-magma features and high oxygen fugacity and are rich in inherited zircons. Zircon U–Pb ages and Lu–Hf isotopes from intrusions suggest that Proterozoic juvenile lithosphere is the main source of these intrusions. The regional geological history implies that lithosphere beneath southern Anhui was produced during a Proterozoic subduction and was fertilized with Au (Cu) in the process. Integrated with the results of previous studies, we inferred that Late Mesozoic intrusions formed by the remelting of the lithosphere could provide the metal endowment for the Au-rich deposits in southern Anhui. 相似文献
88.
Xingang Wang Yueping Yin Jiading Wang Baoqin Lian Haijun Qiu Tianfeng Gu 《Landslides》2018,15(7):1377-1389
The rock masses of hydro-fluctuation belt experience seepage pressure following impoundment in the Three Gorges Reservoir; its creep behaviors are significant for reservoir bank slopes. To study the creep behaviors under seepage pressure (0, 1.45, and 1.75 MPa), we performed creep tests using representative landslide sandstone in the Three Gorges Reservoir and investigated the sandstone creep behaviors under the coupling effects of seepage pressure and stress. Previous researches on rocks have usually regarded the creep constitutive parameter as a constant; however, in this study, a nonlinear, nonstationary, plastic-viscous (NNPV) creep model which can describe the curve of sandstone creep tests is proposed. The rock-creep parameters under three levels of seepage pressure were identified, and theoretical curves using the NNPV model agreed well with the experimental data, indicating that the new model cannot only describe the primary creep and secondary creep stages under varying seepage pressures but also, in particular, perfectly describes the tertiary creep stage. Finally, the sensitivity of the NNPV model parameters is analyzed, and the result shows that the nonstationary coefficient α and the nonlinear coefficient m are main parameters affecting the tertiary creep stage. 相似文献
89.
B. Matasci G. M. Stock M. Jaboyedoff D. Carrea B. D. Collins A. Guérin G. Matasci L. Ravanel 《Landslides》2018,15(5):859-878
Rockfalls strongly influence the evolution of steep rocky landscapes and represent a significant hazard in mountainous areas. Defining the most probable future rockfall source areas is of primary importance for both geomorphological investigations and hazard assessment. Thus, a need exists to understand which areas of a steep cliff are more likely to be affected by a rockfall. An important analytical gap exists between regional rockfall susceptibility studies and block-specific geomechanical calculations. Here we present methods for quantifying rockfall susceptibility at the cliff scale, which is suitable for sub-regional hazard assessment (hundreds to thousands of square meters). Our methods use three-dimensional point clouds acquired by terrestrial laser scanning to quantify the fracture patterns and compute failure mechanisms for planar, wedge, and toppling failures on vertical and overhanging rock walls. As a part of this work, we developed a rockfall susceptibility index for each type of failure mechanism according to the interaction between the discontinuities and the local cliff orientation. The susceptibility for slope parallel exfoliation-type failures, which are generally hard to identify, is partly captured by planar and toppling susceptibility indexes. We tested the methods for detecting the most susceptible rockfall source areas on two famously steep landscapes, Yosemite Valley (California, USA) and the Drus in the Mont-Blanc massif (France). Our rockfall susceptibility models show good correspondence with active rockfall sources. The methods offer new tools for investigating rockfall hazard and improving our understanding of rockfall processes. 相似文献
90.
渝东北地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气地质特征及其勘探方向探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
渝东北地区五峰组—龙马溪组暗色泥页岩沉积厚度介于30.92~164.47m之间,其中在朝阳镇咸池剖面及田坝一带厚度最大,往研究区东西两侧具有减薄的趋势。全区总有机碳含量平均3.32%,中部(平均3.93%)和西部(平均3.59%)相对东部(平均2.77%)具有更高的有机质丰度。有机质以I型腐泥型为主,西部个别剖面及东部栗子坪一带夹少量Ⅱ_1—Ⅱ_2型干酪根,其成熟度普遍处于高成熟—过成熟阶段,呈现自北向南升高的趋势。石英、脆性矿物含量普遍较高(尤其是中西部区块),黏土矿物较低,更易产生储气裂缝及利于后期压裂。储层特征方面,中部地区泥页岩具有更高的孔隙度和较低的渗透率,同时比表面积也相对更高,以有机质孔隙为主。中部区块田坝—朝阳—文峰一带含气性最好,结合页岩厚度、总有机碳含量分布、储层条件及构造保存条件分析,本区中部区块田坝—朝阳—文峰一带具有更好的页岩气勘探前景,是该区下一步勘探的重点区域。 相似文献