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3-D geomechanical rock mass characterization for the evaluation of rockslide susceptibility scenarios 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
G. Gigli W. Frodella F. Garfagnoli S. Morelli F. Mugnai F. Menna N. Casagli 《Landslides》2014,11(1):131-140
An integrated methodology based on traditional field and remote surveys such as terrestrial laser scanning and terrestrial infrared thermography is proposed, with the aim of defining susceptibility scenarios connected to rock slopes affected by instability processes. The proposed methodology was applied to a rock slope threatening a coastal panoramic roadway located in western Elba Island (Livorno district, central Italy). The final aim of the methodology was to obtain an accurate three-dimensional rock mass characterization in order to detect the potentially more hazardous rock mass portions, calculate their volume, and collect all the required geomechanical and geometrical parameters to perform a detailed stability analysis. The proposed approach proved to be an effective tool in the field of engineering geology and emergency management, when it is often urgently necessary to minimize survey time when operating in dangerous environments and gather all the required information as fast as possible. 相似文献
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Luca Salvati Vittorio Gargiulo Morelli Kostas Rontos Alberto Sabbi 《Urban geography》2013,34(3):376-394
This paper quantifies the extent of exurban development in Mediterranean Europe. The assessment was carried out by studying changes in the urban-to-rural population density gradient between the years 1950 and 2010. Three of the six urban regions in this study have experienced population growth and moderate urban concentration, while two regions appear to be shifting toward population decline and urban de-concentration after having experienced compact expansion. A phase of recent re-urbanization has been observed in one region. Altogether, these findings indicate a common path of urban expansion among representative Mediterranean regions between 1950 and 1980 while, in the following period, the cities experienced distinct development phases. From this study, we conclude that exurban development is mainly the product of a shift from compact and dense to semi-compact and intermediate-density settlements. [Key words: semi-dense urban growth, density-distance curve, Mediterranean Europe]. 相似文献
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A Crustal Model for the Eastern Alps Region and a New Moho Map in Southeastern Europe 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In the last two decades, south-central Europe and the Eastern Alps have been widely explored by many seismic refraction experiments (e.g., CELEBRATION 2000, ALP 2002, SUDETES 2003). Although quite detailed images are available along linear profiles, a comprehensive, three-dimensional crustal model of the region is still missing. This limitation makes this region a weak spot in continental-wide comprehensive representations of crustal structure. To improve on this situation, we select and collect 37 published active-source seismic lines in this region. After geo-referencing each line, we sample them along vertical profiles—every 50?km or less along the line—and derive P-wave velocities in a stack of homogeneous layers (separated by discontinuities: depth of crystalline basement, top of lower crust, and Moho). We finally merge the information using geostatistical methods, and infer S-wave velocity and density using empirical scaling relations. We present here the resulting crustal model for a region encompassing the Eastern Alps, Dinarides, Pannonian basin, Western Carpathians and Bohemian Massif, covering the region within $45^{\circ}\text{--}51^{\circ}\hbox{N}$ and $11^{\circ} \text{--} 22^{\circ}\hbox{E}$ with a resolution of $0.2^{\circ} \times 0.2^{\circ}.$ We are also able to extend and update the map of Moho depth in a wider region within $35^{\circ}\text{--}51^{\circ}\hbox{N}$ and $12^{\circ}\text{--}45^{\circ}\hbox{E},$ gathering Moho values from the collected seismic lines, other published dataset and using the European plate reference EPcrust as a background. All the digitized profiles and the resulting model are available online. 相似文献
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Francesco Brardinoni Reto Grischott Florian Kober Corrado Morelli Marcus Christl 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(15):3955-3974
We examine the sensitivity of 10Be concentrations (and derived denudation rates), to debris-flow and anthropogenic perturbations in steep settings of the Eastern Alps, and explore possible relations with structural geomorphic connectivity. Using cosmogenic 10Be as a tracer for functional geomorphic connectivity, we conduct sampling replications across four seasons in Gadria, Strimm and Allitz Creek. Sampling sites encompass a range of structural connectivity configurations, including the conditioning of a sackung, all assessed through a geomorphometric index (IC). By combining information on contemporary depth of erosion and sediment yield, disturbance history and post-LGM (Last Glacial Maximum) sedimentation rates, we constrain the effects of debris-flow disturbance on 10Be concentrations at the Gadria sites. Here, we argue that bedrock weakening imparted by the sackung promotes high depth of erosion. Consequently, debris flows recruit sediment beyond the critical depth of spallogenic production (e.g., >3 m), which in turn, episodically, due to predominantly muogenic production pathways, lowers 10Be concentration by a factor of 4, for at least 2 years. In contrast, steady erosion in Strimm Creek yields very stable 10Be concentrations through time. In Allitz Creek, we observe two- to fourfold seasonal fluctuations in 10Be concentrations, which we explain as the combined effects of water diversion and hydraulic structures on sediment mixing. We further show that 10Be concentration correlates inversely with the IC index, where sub-basins characterized by high concentrations (long residence times) exhibit low IC values (structurally disconnected) and vice versa, implying that, over millennial time scales a direct relation exists between functional and structural connectivity, and that the IC index performed as a suitable metric for structural connectivity. The index performs comparably better than other metrics (i.e., mean slope and mean normalized channel steepness index) previously used to assess topographic controls on denudation rates in active unglaciated ranges. In terms of landscape evolution, we argue that the sackung, by favouring intense debris-flow activity across the Holocene, has aided rapid postglacial reshaping of the Gadria basin, which currently exhibits a topographic signature characteristic of unglaciated debris-flow systems. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Roberto G. Francese Ermanno Finzi Gianfranco Morelli 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2009,67(1):44-51
A fast and efficient subsurface radar imaging procedure, based on a multi-channel cart system, has been developed and tested within the framework of a large-scale archaeological investigation project in northern Italy.The tested cart comprises 14 closely-spaced dipoles, rotated by 45° with respect to the dragging direction, and allows unidirectional scanning operations. Using this approach, an area of approximately 75 000m2 was surveyed daytime via recording of a dense grid of about 490km of radar profiles. Geo-referencing of the scanning trajectories was achieved operating a separate on-board differential Global Positioning System in real-time kinematic mode. In this configuration the final positioning error of the radar sweeps was less than 0.05m.The large amount of collected data, of the order of tens of GBytes, was processed, using an open-source software package, on a workstation-based environment. A set of specific codes was developed to fully automate the data processing and the image generation procedure. Critical steps during code development were the integration of positioning and radar data, the referencing of the single radar sweeps and the correction for changes in the spectral amplitude of the different channels.The processed data volume displays high signal coherency and reveals several well-defined reflectors, clearly visible both on vertical profiles and horizontal time slices. The plan of the Roman settlement could be revealed in detail proving the potential of the tested approach for assisting high-resolution archaeological investigations of large areas. 相似文献
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