1961-2004年乌鲁木齐城市化过程中的冷化效应   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

李珍  姜逢清  胡汝骥  朱传民 《干旱区地理》2007,30(2):231-239

利用乌鲁木齐和达坂城1961-2000年月平均气温,2001-2004年月平均最低气温和月平均最高气温资料,分析了乌鲁木齐和达坂城两地平均温Tm、平均最高温Tmax、平均最低温Tmin及其对应值的差值(ΔTu-rm、ΔTu-rmax、ΔTu-rmin)随时间的变化趋势特征。结果表明,乌鲁木齐城市化过程中冷化效应和热岛效应同时存在。近40多年来,乌鲁木齐年Tmm、Tmax有微弱的下降趋势,春季、夏季Tm、Tmax、Tmin和秋季Tm、Tmax均呈下降趋势,以夏季最为显著,而冬季Tm、Tmax、Tmin呈上升趋势;乌鲁木齐和达坂城之间年、春季、夏季和秋季ΔTu-rm、ΔTu-rmax、ΔTu-rmin均呈显著的下降趋势,冬季气温差值显著上升。降水量的增加、城市绿化和城市灌溉面积的增大,可能对乌鲁木齐城市化过程中的气候冷化产生了影响。  相似文献   

协调大集合模拟下全球海表面温度对北极对流层早冬增暖的影响          下载免费PDF全文

Lutao Wang  Yongqi Gao  Dong Guo  Tao Wang  Ying Zhang  Wei Hua 《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,14(1):57-62

本文使用六个不同的最新大气模式进行了协调数值集合实验,评估和量化了全球海表面温度(SST)对1982-2014年冬季早期北极变暖的影响.本研究设计了两组实验:在第一组(EXP1)中,将OISSTv2逐日变化的海冰密集度和SST数据作为下边界强迫场;在第二组(EXP2)中,将逐日变化的SST数据替换为逐日气候态.结果表明...  相似文献   

Effect of land‐use changes on nonpoint source pollution in the Xizhi River watershed,Guangdong, China     

Kai Xu  Yunpeng Wang  Hua Su  Jingxue Yang  Lili Li  Cang Liu 《水文研究》2013,27(18):2557-2566

The Annualized Agricultural Non‐point Source (AnnAGNPS) pollution model has been widely used to assess and predict runoff, soil erosion, sediment and nutrient loading with a geographic information system. This article presents a case study of the effect of land‐use changes on nonpoint source (NPS) pollution using the AnnAGNPS model in the Xizhi River watershed, eastern Pearl River Delta of Guangdong province, China. The land‐use changes in the Xizhi River watershed between 1998 and 2003 were examined using the multitemporal remote sensing data. The runoff, soil erosion, sediment transport and nutrient loading 1998 and 2003 were assessed using AnnAGNPS. The effects of land‐use changes on NPS were studied by comparing the simulation results of each year. Our results showed that (i) the NPS loadings increased when forest and grass land converted into paddy, orchard and farmland land, and population size and gross domestic product size as well as the usage amounts of fertilizer and pesticide in the entire watershed were firmly correlated with the NPS loadings; (ii) the land‐use change during fast urbanization in particular when other land types were converted into the development land and buildup land led to increasing of NPS pollution; and (iii) urban land expansion showed more important effects on total organic carbon (TOC) loading compared with nitrogen and phosphorus loadings. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Element mobility during continental collision: insights from polymineralic metamorphic vein within UHP eclogite in the Dabie orogen     

Y.‐M. SHENG  Y‐F. ZHENG  S‐N. LI  Z. HU 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2013,31(2):221-241

Metamorphic dehydration and partial melting are two important processes during continental collision. They have significant bearing on element transport at the slab interface under subduction‐zone P–T conditions. Petrological and geochemical insights into the two processes are provided by a comprehensive study of leucocratic veins in ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks. This is exemplified by this study of a polymineralic vein within phengite‐bearing UHP eclogite in the Dabie orogen. The vein is primarily composed of quartz, kyanite, epidote and phengite, with minor accessory minerals such as garnet, rutile and zircon. Primary multiphase solid inclusions occur in garnet and epidote from the both vein and host eclogite. They are composed of quartz ± K‐feldspar ± plagioclase ± K‐bearing glass and exhibit irregular to negative crystal shapes that are surrounded by weak radial cracks. This suggests their precipitation from solute‐rich metamorphic fluid/melt that involved the reaction of phengite breakdown. Zircon U–Pb dating for the vein gave two groups of concordant ages at 217 ± 2 and 210 ± 2 Ma, indicating two episodes of zircon growth in the Late Triassic. The same minerals from the two rocks give consistent δ¹⁸O and δD values, suggesting that the vein‐forming fluid was directly derived from the host UHP eclogite. The vein is much richer in phengite and epidote than the host eclogite, suggesting that the fluid is associated with remarkable concentration of such water‐soluble elements as LILE and LREE migration. Garnet and rutile in the vein exhibit much higher contents of HREE (2.2–5.7 times) and Nb–Ta (1.8–2.0 times) than those in the eclogite, indicating that these normally water‐insoluble elements became mobile and then were sunken in the vein minerals. Thus, the vein‐forming agent would be primarily composed of the UHP aqueous fluid with minor amounts of the hydrous melt, which may even become a supercritical fluid to have a capacity to transport not only LILE and LREE but also HREE and HFSE at subduction‐zone metamorphic conditions. Taken together, significant amounts of trace elements were transported by the vein‐forming fluid due to the phengite breakdown inside the UHP eclogite during exhumation of the deeply subducted continental crust.  相似文献   

标准系列制备的一种简单方法     

赵珍义  马成龙 《岩矿测试》1990,9(3):240-242

一些新的稀释装置已用于原子发射光谱法和原子吸收分光光度法中,改变了以往预先配制浓度依次变化的标准系列的习惯做法。Ko(?)cielniak提出的一种非连续稀释方法,所配制溶液的浓度与稀释次数成指数关系。本文采用了这种技术对稀释装置作了改进,只需要一个小锥形瓶,添加或稀释同一个原始溶液便可制备出一系列标准溶液。设备简单、操作方便,用于原子吸收分光光度法测定钾长石中的钠、钾并与常规法对照结果满意。  相似文献   

青藏高原与落基山背风气旋的对比分析(一)——天气结构   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

盛华  陶诗言 《大气科学》1988,12(3):233-241

本文分别选用了一个东亚(EA)和北美(NA)的背风气旋进行对比分析.分析了两者的天气形势、动力和热力结构的差异.由于青藏高原和落基山地形对气流的不同影响,北美水汽从墨西哥湾向北输送,东亚水汽从南海向东北输送,因而,NA的对流不稳定区成南北带状分布;而EA的则成东西带状分布.EA的初生时,正压不稳定作用是主要的;在发展中,起主导作用的是斜压不稳定.  相似文献   

青藏高原与落基山背风气旋的对比分析(二)——诊断分析   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

盛华  陶诗言 《大气科学》1988,12(4):337-345

本文对第一部分所选的东亚和北美的背风气旋个例继续进行诊断分析。利用Q矢量诊断了两者的锋生函数和垂直运动,同时对两者进行了涡度收支、热量和水汽收支的计算,对比分析了两者物理量的分布特征。结果表明:北美的锋生与落基山地形影响有关,在落基山东侧,对流活跃;而东亚的锋生与海洋上感热和水汽蒸发有关,气旋入海后,对流作用加强。  相似文献   

青藏高原和落基山对气旋的动力影响   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

盛华  陶诗言 《气象学报》1988,46(2):130-141

本文利用北京气象中心的业务预报模式(B模式),采用全风速调整方案,进行了绕流、爬坡等各种数值试验,研究青藏高原和落基山对气旋的动力影响。结果表明,气流绕青藏高原而行,产生的散度场与东亚的气旋生成区和路径匹配;在青藏高原主体下游,高层辐合,抑制了我国大陆东部的气旋发展。在北美,落基山对大气的动力影响以爬坡为主,由于气流在迎风坡上升,空气绝热冷却,在背风面大规模下沉增温,对流层低层形成暖脊,这对背风锋生和背风气旋的发生发展有着直接的影响;另外爬坡作用也是美国中西部干线形成的主要原因。  相似文献   

同沉积构造及其演化背景分析——以塞文煤盆地为例   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

王华 Courel  L 《地球科学》1993,18(2):129-138

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地形影响地面运动的观测研究     

吴富春  许俊奇 《地球物理学报》1990,33(2):186-195

本文利用矿山爆破,进行了地形对地面运动影响的观测研究.9次爆破的结果表明,山顶处位移和速度的谱曲线的峰区较山前和其它测点的集中,振幅的量值也大,其放大倍率约为3,其中与山体走向平行的水平分量放大得最大,与之垂直的次之,而垂直于地面的最小;山顶测点不同分量上最大位移所对应的周期接近,其对山前的放大量值近于2,也是水平分量大于垂直分量;山顶处地面运动的延续时间取决于爆破的药量和方式,山前等测点延时的放大为3-4倍,也是水平分量大于垂直分量.山顶上地面运动的这种特殊性,是由于入射波所激发的山体共振所引起的.  相似文献