Wind waves and sediment transport regime off the south-central Kerala coast,India     

N. P. Kurian  K. Rajith  T. S. Shahul Hameed  L. Sheela Nair  M. V. Ramana Murthy  S. Arjun  V. R. Shamji 《Natural Hazards》2009,49(2):325-345

Wind waves in the innershelf of the south-central Kerala coast, south-west India were measured at four locations during different seasons. Simultaneously, numerical models were developed to simulate the wave and sediment transport regime of the innershelf. Strong monsoonal influence is seen in the wave characteristics with greater amplitudes, lower periods and switch-over from SW to SWW–W direction. The net annual longshore sediment transport is southerly in the innershelf and northerly in the surf zone. These counter-directional transports are linked by seasonally reversing the cross-shore transports. In the locations where the transports in the longshore and cross-shore directions are balanced, stable beaches prevail. Erosion/accretion tendency prevails in locations where these transports are not balanced. The southern and northern parts of the coast where onshore transports are predominant could be accreting zones. The erosion/accretion pattern deduced from the sediment transport model corresponds well with the long-term erosion/accretion trend for this coast.  相似文献   

Use of treated wastewater for managed aquifer recharge in highly populated urban centers: a case study in Addis Ababa,Ethiopia     

Tamiru Alemayehu Abiye  Hameed Sulieman  Michael Ayalew 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(1):55-59

Fast population growth and rapid industrialization, on one hand, and lack of sewerage network and poor living condition, on the other, have led to the deterioration of surface and ground water quality in the city of Addis Ababa. The urban wastewater is discharged largely into streams that drain the city. Only less than 3% join the wastewater treatment facilities. Due to sporadic rainfall that causes shortage in groundwater recharge, managed aquifer recharge (MAR) experiment was tested on soil column collected from Akaki Well Field which is located in the southern part of the city using water from the Big Akaki River that crosses the same well field and effluent from Kaliti Wastewater Treatment Plant. Water quality analysis for 17 different parameters was done for both the inflow and outflow water samples and soils were tested for electrical conductivity and cation exchange capacity. The results indicate improved water quality as a result of higher attenuation/filtration capacity of the vadose zone in the well field due to the presence of vertisols. The main geochemical processes that have acted in the soil column could be cation exchange, dissolution, precipitation, oxidation, nitrification, die off etc. that are responsible for the effectiveness of vadose zone for MAR.  相似文献   

Surface currents and equatorial thermocline in a coupled upper ocean-atmosphere GCM     

Kenneth R Sperber  Sultan Hameed  W Gates Lawrence 《Climate Dynamics》1992,7(3):121-131

The Oregon State University coupled upper ocean-atmosphere GCM is evaluated in terms of the simulated winds, ocean currents and thermocline depth variations. Although the zonal wind velocities in the model are underestimated by a factor of about three and the zonal current velocities are underestimated by a factor of about five, the model is seen to qualitatively simulate the major features of the gyral scale currents, and the phases of the seasonal variation of the principal equatorial currents are in reasonable agreement with observations. The simulated tropical currents are dominated by Ekman transport and the eastern boundary currents do not penetrate far enough equatorward, while the western boundary currents do not penetrate far enough poleward. The subtropical trade wind belt and the mid-latitude westerlies are displaced equatorward of observations; hence, the mid-latitude eastward currents, principally the Kuroshio-North Pacific Drift and the Gulf Stream-North Atlantic Current are displaced equatorward. In spite of these shortcomings the surface current simulation of this two-layer upper ocean model is comparable with that of other ocean GCMs of coarse resolution. The coupled model successfully simulates the deepening of the thermocline westward across Pacific as a consequence of the prevailing Walker circulation. The region of most intense simulated surface forcing is located in the western Pacific due to a southwestward displacement of the northeast trade winds relative to observations; hence the equatorial Pacific is dominated by eastward propagation of thermocline depth variations. The excessively strong Ekman divergence and upwelling in the western Pacific cools the local warm pool, while incorrectly simulated westerlies in the eastern Pacific suppress upwelling and inhibit cooling from below. These features reduce the simulated trans-Pacific sea-surface temperature gradient, weakening the Walker circulation and the anomalies associated with the simulated Southern Oscillation. Offprint requests to: KR Sperber  相似文献   

Evaluation of coal as adsorbent for phosphate removal   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Sabir Khan  M. Ishaq  Imtiaz Ahmad  Sajjad Hussain  Hameed Ullah 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(4):1113-1117

This paper reports the adsorption of phosphate ions on coal, charcoal, and coal ash. The influences of factors such as contact time, and initial adsorbate concentration have been studied. Adsorption of phosphate ions on virgin coal was significant compared to charcoal, coal and coal ash evacuated at 200°C. The significant adsorption capability of coal is due to the porosity as well as due to organic carbon and inorganic elements present in coal. The evacuation of coal proved to be ineffective in enhancing its capability for phosphate ions retention. The adsorption behaviors of all the three adsorbent used was conformed using Freundlich’s adsorption model. The results suggest that coal could be used as an efficient adsorbent for removing phosphate ions from wastewater.  相似文献   

Geoelectrical resistivity survey for the evaluation of hydrogeological condition of Bagerhat Sadar and the adjacent areas, Bangladesh     

Md. Hasan Imam  Delwar Hossain  A. S. M. Woobaid Ullah 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(3):290-294

This study has been conducted to find out the aquifer characteristics of Bagerhat Sadar and adjacent areas in Bangladesh using geoelectrical resistivity method and borehole logs. The interpretation of resistivity soundings (14 nos.) shows that the sub-surface lithological sequence can be divided into four geoelectric units. The deepest geoelectric unit (with resistivity from 8 Ohm-m to 18 Ohm-m) represents the deep aquifer with usually fresh water. Resistivity values of 12 ?m or more for this unit may indicate formation water as acceptable for coastal people. In the study area, the shallow aquifer inferred is not suitable for groundwater development.  相似文献   

The Bishkek vertical array (BIVA): acquiring strong motion data in Kyrgyzstan and first results     

S. Parolai  D. Bindi  S. Ullah  S. Orunbaev  S. Usupaev  B. Moldobekov  H. Echtler 《Journal of Seismology》2013,17(2):707-719

We present results from a vertical array of accelerometers that was recently installed in Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan) with the long-term aim of recording strong motion data. Taking advantage of recordings of a Mb 4.7 earthquake that occurred 40 km from the array site during the installation phase, we provide results of some preliminary data analysis. First, estimates of the S-wave velocity and Qs structure are deduced by the inversion of the deconvolved wavefield between the sensors in the borehole. Furthermore, the application of the nonstationary ray decomposition Kinoshita (Earth Planets Space 61:1297-1312, 2009) allowed at least three reflectors in the shallow velocity structure below the array to be identified. The complex nature of the wavefield (with up-going, down-going waves, and converted phases) due to the coarse, unconsolidated subsoil structure is highlighted by means of numerical simulations of ground motion.  相似文献   

Formation of point bars through rising and falling flood stages: Evidence from bar morphology,sediment transport and bed shear stress          下载免费PDF全文

Chenliang Wu  Mohammad S. Ullah  Jin Lu  Janok P. Bhattacharya 《Sedimentology》2016,63(6):1458-1473

Flow processes and sediment transport in a channel bend and associated point bar have been studied in modern rivers, theoretical models and physical experiments: however, the relationship between flow process and point‐bar morphology has rarely been explained due to the complex nature of open channel flow. Plan‐view exposures of an ancient point‐bar complex, exposed at the top of the Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale Formation, south‐central Utah, allowed reconstruction of bar morphology, sediment transport and bed shear stress, which were used to extrapolate flow processes. Studies of these outcrops show that compound point bars and scroll bars were probably formed during falling and rising flood stages, respectively. A simulation model of plan‐view channel form shows that channel dimensions, such as radius of curvature and sinuosity of the point‐bar complex, range between 205 m and 351 m and 1·04 and 1·22, respectively, throughout the evolution of the channel bend. Variations in strength of the helical flow were interpreted as the main control on facies architecture and bar morphology. Strong helical flow was related to the deposition of the scroll bars, while strength of helical flow is decreased for compound bars. The use of cross‐beds as a common palaeocurrent indicator was found to be inconsistent with mean flow directions and channel margin orientation.  相似文献   

Influence of drainage and root biomass on soil mechanical behavior in triaxial tests     

Alam  Mehtab  Jiang  Yuan-Jun  Umar  Muhammad  Su  Li-jun  Rahman  Mahfuzur  Ullah  Faheem 《Acta Geotechnica》2022,17(7):2875-2893

Acta Geotechnica - This paper presents a study in which triaxial tests were performed on loess soil reinforced with natural roots. Triaxial compression tests were performed on soil specimens with...  相似文献   

Influence of shotcrete composition on load‐level estimation in NATM‐tunnel shells: Micromechanics‐based sensitivity analyses     

S. Ullah  B. Pichler  S. Scheiner  C. Hellmich 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2012,36(9):1151-1180

Displacement measurement‐based estimations of loads and utilization degrees in shotcrete tunnel shells as part of the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM), have become standard tools in tunnel practice; their quality, however, may crucially depend on the knowledge of the actual shotcrete composition after spraying. To shed light on this issue, we here determine, based on experimentally validated micromechanical representations of shotcrete, the hydration degree‐dependent elastic, creep, and strength properties of different shotcretes, characterized by water cement ratios (w/c) between 0.4 and 0.6, aggregate cement ratios (a/c) between 3.5 and 5, and Young's modulus of aggregates (E_agg) between 40 and 80 GPa. These properties are fed into a structural shell model of the Sieberg tunnel, and this model is subjected to displacement fields approximated from daily displacement measurements at five selected points along the shell's inner surface. Resulting stresses and forces in the tunnel shell allow for analyzing the influence of shotcrete composition on load‐level estimation in NATM tunnel shells: The magnitudes of circumferential and longitudinal normal forces increase significantly with decreasing w/c, while a/c and E_agg have the inverse and relatively minor effect. The utilization degree is virtually insensitive to changes in w/c(especially at early ages), and only slightly decreases with decreasing a/c and E_agg. The location of maximum loading is unaffected by the shotcrete composition underlying the analysis. Conclusively, location and magnitude of maximum utilization degrees are very robust estimates (not affected by limited knowledge on the shotcrete composition), whereas realistic estimation of stresses and forces does require more accurate consideration of shotcrete composition. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

无人机组网遥感实时任务观测的冗余容错控制方案     

Sana Ullah  晏磊  冯朝晖  赵海盟  孙逸渊  赵红颖 《地球信息科学学报》2019,21(4):552-559

中小型无人机（UAV）越来越多地应用于各种实时静态和动态任务中,已成为对人类非常有用的辅助工具。适合无人机在各种条件下进行监视和测量的因素有很多,但无人机在执行不同的实时任务时仍会受到各种挑战,且一旦在任务执行过程中任何一个约束的及时响应缺失,将会影响任务的总体结果,导致整个任务部分或完全失败,在实际中很难建立完美系统。因此,在系统中引入冗余容错来最小化故障概率并增强其鲁棒性非常重要。其中,根本问题是随着系统复杂性的增加,除非对其采取补偿措施,否则其可靠性会急剧下降。冗余容错是通过添加一个或多个模块（通常采用并行配置）作为备份来引入冗余。为了提高极端条件下航空遥感任务无人机网络系统的鲁棒性和成功率,本文将基于冗余的容错控制技术引入无人机网络设计中,确定了不同限制条件下的最佳网络解决方案。组网设计是在不同观测条件下的遥感任务如“大尺度生态监测”、“中尺度洪灾监测”、“小尺度安全监测” 中,通过同步监控进行主动合作的包括多个无人机的网络。多无人机网络作为冗余容错体系结构时可以通过添加多个无人机作为备份使得系统可以容错,而无人机在不同极端条件下的位置和视角则可以作为冗余容错的场景设置。当组网方案中的无人机位置和视角超过设定的阈值时可以被认为是故障的,其将被分离并不考虑进一步分析。通过以上方式,无人机网络可以在极端条件下得到组网控制方案的有效输出,进而保证遥感观测任务的顺利进行。  相似文献