Ion acoustic shock waves in weakly relativistic and dissipative plasmas with nonthermal electrons and thermal positrons     

Hamid Reza Pakzad  Kurosh Javidan 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2011,331(1):175-180

Propagation of ion acoustic waves in plasmas containing electrons, positrons and high relativistic ions is investigated. It is shown that the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation describes the nonlinear waves in this media. The amplitude and energy of the KdV solitary waves are derived and the effects of relativistic ions on these quantities are discussed.  相似文献   

Ion acoustic solitons of KdV and modified KdV equations in weakly relativistic plasma containing nonthermal electron,positron and warm ion     

Hamid Reza Pakzad 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2011,332(2):269-277

In this paper, the ion-acoustic solitons in a weakly relativistic electron-positron-ion plasma have been investigated. Relativistic ions, Maxwell-Boltzmann distributed positrons and nonthermal electrons are considered in collisionless warm plasma. Using a reductive perturbation theory, a Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation is derived, and the relativistic effect on the solitons is studied. It is found that the amplitude of solitary waves of the KdV equation diverges at the critical values of plasma parameters. Finally, in this situation, the solitons of a modified KdV (mKdV) equation with finite amplitude is derived.  相似文献   

Effect of <Emphasis Type="Italic">q</Emphasis>-nonextensive distribution of electrons on electron acoustic solitons     

Hamid Reza Pakzad 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2011,333(1):247-255

Ion acoustic shock waves (IASWs) are studied in a plasma consisting of electrons, positrons and ions. Boltzmann distributed positrons and superthermal electrons are considered in the plasma. The dissipation is taken into account the kinematic viscosity among the plasma constituents. The Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers (KdV–Burgers) equation is derived by reductive perturbation method. Shock waves are solutions of KdV–Burgers equation. It is observed that an increasing positron concentration decreases the amplitude of the waves. Furthermore, in the existence of the kinematic viscosity among the plasma, the shock wave structure appears. The effects of ion kinematic viscosity (η ₀) and the superthermal parameter (k) on the ion acoustic waves are found.  相似文献   

Full-scale experimental investigations on the response of a flooded passenger vehicle under subcritical conditions     

Al-Qadami  Ebrahim Hamid Hussein  Mustaffa  Zahiraniza  Shah  Syed Muzzamil Hussain  Matínez-Gomariz  Eduardo  Yusof  Khamaruzaman Wan 《Natural Hazards》2022,110(1):325-348

Natural Hazards - Vehicles can be easily swept away by floodwaters once the flow velocity and depth reach certain critical limits, with probabilities toward fatality reported to be nearly 50%....  相似文献