Variations of bank shift rates along the Yinchuan Plain reach of the Yellow River and their influencing factors     

Suiji Wang  Ling Li  Weiming Cheng 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(4):703-716

It is important to examine the lateral shift rate variation of river banks in different periods. One of the challenges in this regard is how to obtain the shift rate of river banks, as gauging stations are deficient for the study of river reaches. The present study selected the Yinchuan Plain reach of the Yellow River with a length of 196 km as a case study, and searched each point of intersection of 153 cross-sections (interval between two adjacent cross-sections was 1.3 km) and river banks in 1975, 1990, 2010 and 2011, which were plotted according to remote sensing images in those years. Then the shift rates for the points of intersection during 1975–1990, 1990–2010 and 2010–2011 were calculated, as well as the average shift rates for different sections and different periods. The results show that the left bank of the river reach shifts mostly to the right, with the average shift rates being 36.5 m/a, 27.8 m/a and 61.5 m/a in the three periods, respectively. Contemporarily, the right bank shifts mostly to the right in the first period, while it shifts to the left in the second and third periods, with the average shift rates being 31.7 m/a, 23.1 m/a and 50.8 m/a in the three periods, respectively. The average shift rates for the left and right banks during the period 1975–2011 are 22.3 m/a and 14.8 m/a, respectively. The bank shift rates for sections A, B and C are different. The shift rate ratio of the left bank in the three sections is 1:7.6:4.6 for shift to the left and 1:1.7:3.8 for shift to the right, while that of the right bank is 1:1.8:1.2 for shift to the left and 1:5.6:17.7 for shift to the right during the period 1975–2011. Obviously, the average shift rate is the least in section A, while it is maximum in section B for shift to the left and in section C for shift to the right. The temporal variation of the shift rate is influenced by human activities, while the spatial variation is controlled by the local difference in bank materials.  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal dynamics of carbon intensity from energy consumption in China   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

Yeqing Cheng  Zheye Wang  Xinyue Ye  Yehua Dennis Wei 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(4):631-650

The sustainable development has been seriously challenged by global climate change due to carbon emissions. As a developing country, China promised to reduce 40%-45% below the level of the year 2005 on its carbon intensity by 2020. The realization of this target depends on not only the substantive transition of society and economy at the national scale, but also the action and share of energy saving and emissions reduction at the provincial scale. Based on the method provided by the IPCC, this paper examines the spatiotemporal dynamics and dominating factors of China’s carbon intensity from energy consumption in 1997–2010. The aim is to provide scientific basis for policy making on energy conservation and carbon emission reduction in China. The results are shown as follows. Firstly, China’s carbon emissions increased from 4.16 Gt to 11.29 Gt from 1997 to 2010, with an annual growth rate of 7.15%, which was much lower than that of GDP (11.72%). Secondly, the trend of Moran’s I indicated that China’s carbon intensity has a growing spatial agglomeration at the provincial scale. The provinces with either high or low values appeared to be path-dependent or space-locked to some extent. Third, according to spatial panel econometric model, energy intensity, energy structure, industrial structure and urbanization rate were the dominating factors shaping the spatiotemporal patterns of China’s carbon intensity from energy consumption. Therefore, in order to realize the targets of energy conservation and emission reduction, China should improve the efficiency of energy utilization, optimize energy and industrial structure, choose the low-carbon urbanization approach and implement regional cooperation strategy of energy conservation and emissions reduction.  相似文献   

长江流域沿江镉异常示踪与追源的战略与战术   总被引：22，自引：1，他引：21       下载免费PDF全文

成杭新  杨忠芳  奚小环  赵传冬  赵和苍  张建新  骆剑兰  唐将  刘英汉  庄广民  王文栋 《第四纪研究》2005,25(3):285-291

正在进行的多目标地球化学调查成果显示,长江流域存在全流域的Cd异常。长江流域Cd异常示踪与追源研究的长期目标是查明长江流域沿江各主要支流(汇水面积大于5000km^{2)Cd等重金属元素的物质来源、迁移形式和输入/输出通量、分辨自然源与人为源各自所占份额,建立沿江各支流Cd时空演化模型,监测它的未来发展趋势,对潜在生态效应进行预警预测;短期目标是针对Cd异常的重点地区,如长江源头、三峡库区、湘江流域、江淮流域、长江三角洲及流域内的4大淡水湖泊,查明Cd异常的来源,重建Cd异常形成的地球化学记录,评估可预见的将来(如10～50年)Cd异常的生态效应。}  相似文献   

云南石林地区土壤侵蚀的石笋记录与现代观测   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

蔡炳贵  程海  侯居峙  刘宏  王国安  刘东生 《第四纪研究》2005,25(2):170-175

通过研究云南乃古石林地区的洞穴沉积物———石笋,结合土壤侵蚀观测结果,发现石笋中的每一个夹泥层代表一次地表快速剥蚀事件,进而讨论了土壤侵蚀事件在石林发育过程中的意义。结果表明:石林发育的自然过程之一是土体较长时期稳定、实现土下溶蚀,协同土壤阶段性的快速剥蚀过程,脉动式相对向上“生长”。石林地区全新世曾经历过数次快速剥蚀过程。  相似文献   

高阶谱混合方法地震子波估计及处理   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

李大卫  尹成  熊晓军  马洪艳 《地球物理学进展》2005,20(1):29-33

凭借高阶累积量对噪声的不敏感性,依据地震记录高阶谱中包含的子波相位、幅值信息,提出了基于双谱和三谱混合的子波恢复方法,并对理论合成记录进行子波估计及处理模拟试验,其结果论证了该方法的可行性.同时,用本文介绍的方法对野外采集的地震资料进行处理后,其分辨率明显提高,说明了高阶谱技术在资料处理方面有相当大的潜力.  相似文献   

再论洞穴石笋的沉积速率   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

林玉石张美良  覃嘉铭朱晓燕 程海 《地质论评》2005,51(4):435-442

通过对滇、黔、湘、桂洞穴石笋大型剖面的综合研究、,以代表性剖面和典型时（笋）段系统测年和沉积速率研究为例,初步认为,石笋沉积速率大小是气候演变、暖气候、冷气候的识别指标之一,沉积速率为10mm／100a以上是冰后（间冰）期温暖气候的沉积,趋于10mm／100a或以下者,是温暖期气候的冷转变,或冷期（阶）的沉积;1mm／100a左右是冰期寒冷气候的沉积,趋于1mm／100a或以上者是冰期寒冷气候的暖转变或间冰期的沉积;沉积速率极小,往往是冷气候显示,甚至是沉积间断,或是气候和地质、灾害事件的突变点。沉积速率具多变性,引用和识别时应避免以单一速率推算长时（笋）段年序和确定气候或地质事件的年代,不宜跨旋回计速,以避免遗漏沉积间断和气候、地质、灾害事件。石笋沉积间断很普遍,特别是寒冷的冰期气候间断更频繁,观测和测年表明,沉积间断时间累计占成笋期的28．92％～76．26％,全新世温暖气候的沉积间断时间累计,只占成笋期的13．80％以上。  相似文献   

碳酸岩与铂族元素地球化学   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

黄智龙许成  刘丛强 《地质论评》2005,51(4):443-451

碳酸岩（carbonatite）被视为一种研究大陆地幔地球化学的“探针岩石”,通过对这类岩石的研究,在探讨地幔组成与演化、地幔交代作用与不均一性以及岩浆形成的动力学背景、岩浆来源及演化和有关矿产的成矿作用等方面,具有重要的理论意义和实际价值。铂族元素（Platinum—group elements,简称PGE）在研究核-幔分异、地幔组成与演化以及幔源岩石（主要为基性-超基性岩）形成的大地构造背景、岩浆起源及演化,以及探讨K／T界线与陨石撞击事件等方面具有重要意义。本文在概述国内外碳酸岩和PGE地球化学研究现状的基础上,结合地质事实和地球化学研究成果,认为碳酸岩熔体具有一定携带PGE的能力,可利用PGE地球化学来探讨碳酸岩的源区特征和岩浆形成与演化过程;同时指出,碳酸岩PGE地球化学研究过程中还存在许多悬而未决的科学问题。  相似文献   

Influences of alpine ecosystem degradation on soil temperature in the freezing-thawing process on Qinghai–Tibet Plateau     

Hongchang Hu  Genxu Wang  Guangsheng Liu  Taibing Li  Dongxing Ren  Yibo Wang  Huiyan Cheng  Junfeng Wang 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(6):1391-1397

The alpine ecosystem is very sensitive to environmental change due to global and local disturbances. The alpine ecosystem degradation, characterized by reducing vegetation coverage or biomass, has been occurring in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, which alters local energy balance, and water and biochemical cycles. However, detailed characterization of the ecosystem degradation effect is lack in literature. In this study, the impact of alpine ecosystem degradation on soil temperature for seasonal frozen soil and permafrost are examined. The vegetation coverage is used to indicate the degree of ecosystems degradation. Daily soil temperature is monitored at different depths for different vegetation coverage, for both permafrost and seasonal frozen soils. Results show that under the insulating effort of the vegetation, the freezing and thawing process become quicker and steeper, and the start of the freezing and thawing process moves up due to the insulating effort of the vegetation. The influence of vegetation coverage on the freezing process is more evident than the thawing process; with the decrease of vegetation coverage, the integral of frozen depth increases for seasonal frozen soil, but is vice versa for permafrost.  相似文献   

黄龙铺钼矿田含矿碳酸岩地球化学特征及其形成构造背景   总被引：18，自引：9，他引：9  

许成  宋文磊  漆亮  王林均 《岩石学报》2009,25(2):422-430

陕西黄龙铺钼矿田是东秦岭钼矿带中成矿类型最为独特的矿床,多数矿体产于晚三叠纪（220Ma）的碳酸岩岩脉内。其中,石家湾Ⅱ号矿体碳酸岩的Sr和REE含量异常高,δ¹³C_PDB为 -6.75‰~ -6.92‰,δ¹⁸O_SMOWO为8.69‰~9.48‰,显示典型的火成碳酸岩的特征。在世界范围内,碳酸岩来自地幔低程度部分熔融或交代作用,稀土配分模式为陡倾斜的轻稀土富集型,但石家湾碳酸岩HREE含量异常高,稀土配分模式平坦,不同于世界其它地区的碳酸岩,这要求源区必须相对亏损LREE,相对富集HREE。显然,如此源区与俯冲洋壳部分熔融之后的残留相榴辉岩的特征一致。因此,我们认为,勉略洋壳在三叠纪向北俯冲至秦岭-华北联合陆块之下,通过变质脱水熔融而形成岩浆弧,随后,在弧后扩张带发生残余榴辉岩的低程度部分熔融或交代而形成碳酸岩岩浆,导致黄龙铺矿田形成。如此以来,秦岭地区在220Ma左右仍有B型俯冲作用,碰撞造山作用并没有结束。  相似文献   

P-T Paths Derived from Garnet Growth Zoning in Danba Domal Metamorphic Terrain, Sichuan Province, West China     

Cheng Suhua  Lai Xingyun  You Zhendong 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2009,20(2)

Danba (丹巴) domal metamorphic terrain belongs to Songpan (松潘)-Ganze (甘孜) orogenic belt, where typical Barrovian and Buchan metamorphic zones are preserved. The former included chlorite, biotite, garnet, staurolite, kyanite and sillimanite zones, while the latter only developed silimanite+muscovite and sillimanite+K-feldspar zones. Integrated study has been carried on metamorphic reactions of garnet production and consumption, P-T paths and P-T-X-M phase relation and thermal tectonic model for Danba metamorphic zones. Petrological textures in thin sections show that garnet production and consumption in kyanite-sillimanite zone is mainly attributed to ChI+Ms+PI+Q=Grt+Bt+H2O and kyanite=sillimanite respectively. Based on mineral compositions, the geothermobarometry gives an average P, T condition of (4.9±0.3)×108 Pa, 543±30℃ for the first growth stage of the garnet and (5.8±0.3)±108 Pa, 534±29 ℃ for the second stage of garnet growth respectively. Anti-counter clockwise P-T paths were drawn using Gibbs method by NCMnKFMASH system for sample G98686 in the kyanite zone. The P-T-X-M modeling for the first mineral assemblages shows that the prediction is similar to the measured values in gossular, almandine and spessartine but mole fraction of pyrope and Fe/(Fe+Mg) deviated far from the contours; while that for the second mineral assemblages exhibits that the prediction is consistent with the measured value of pyrope, grossular content and Fe/(Fe+Mg) of garnet. A thermal tectonic model that there are at least three structure levels across the thrnst-decollement zones is presented according to the P-T paths, metamorphic grades and deformation styles for the staurolite-kyanite zone of the Barroviau type metamorphism, which will provide some constraints for the evolution of the nappe complex.  相似文献