Provenance of the Bosnian Flysch     

Tamás Mikes  Dominik Christ  Rüdiger Petri  István Dunkl  Dirk Frei  Mária Báldi-Beke  Joachim Reitner  Klaus Wemmer  Hazim Hrvatović  Hilmar von Eynatten 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2008,101(1):31-54

Sandwiched between the Adriatic Carbonate Platform and the Dinaride Ophiolite Zone, the Bosnian Flysch forms a c. 3000 m thick, intensely folded stack of Upper Jurassic to Cretaceous mixed carbonate and siliciclastic sediments in the Dinarides. New petrographic, heavy mineral, zircon U/Pb and fission-track data as well as biostratigraphic evidence allow us to reconstruct the palaeogeology of the source areas of the Bosnian Flysch basin in late Mesozoic times. Middle Jurassic intraoceanic subduction of the Neotethys was shortly followed by exhumation of the overriding oceanic plate. Trench sedimentation was controlled by a dual sediment supply from the sub-ophiolitic high-grade metamorphic soles and from the distal continental margin of the Adriatic plate. Following obduction onto Adria, from the Jurassic–Cretaceous transition onwards a vast clastic wedge (Vranduk Formation) was developed in front of the leading edge, fed by continental basement units of Adria that experienced Early Cretaceous synsedimentary cooling, by the overlying ophiolitic thrust sheets and by redeposited elements of coeval Urgonian facies reefs grown on the thrust wedge complex. Following mid-Cretaceous deformation and thermal overprint of the Vranduk Formation, the depozone migrated further towards SW and received increasing amounts of redeposited carbonate detritus released from the Adriatic Carbonate Platform margin (Ugar Formation). Subordinate siliciclastic source components indicate changing source rocks on the upper plate, with ophiolites becoming subordinate. The zone of the continental basement previously affected by the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous thermal imprint has been removed; instead, the basement mostly supplied detritus with a wide range of pre-Jurassic cooling ages. However, a c. 80 Ma, largely synsedimentary cooling event is also recorded by the Ugar Formation, that contrasts the predominantly Early Cretaceous cooling of the Adriatic basement and suggests, at least locally, a fast exhumation.  相似文献   

Coupling an ocean wave model to an atmospheric general circulation model     

Susanne L Weber  Hans von Storch  Pedro Viterbo  Liana Zambresky 《Climate Dynamics》1993,9(2):63-69

A coupled model, consisting of an ocean wave model and an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM), is integrated under permanent July conditions. The wave model is forced by the AGCM wind stress, whereas the wind waves modify the AGCM surface fluxes of momentum, sensible and latent heat. We investigate the following aspects of the coupled model: how realistic are the wave fields, how strong is the coupling, and how sensitive is the atmospheric circulation to the spatially and temporally varying wave field. The wave climatology of the coupled model compares favorably with observational data. The interaction between the two models is largest (although weak) in the storm track in the Southern Hemisphere. Young windsea, which is associated with enhanced surface fluxes is generated mostly in the equatorward frontal area of an individual cyclone. However, the enhancement of the surface fluxes is too small to significantly modify the climatological mean atmospheric circulation.This paper was presented at the Second International Conference on Modelling of Global Climate Variability, held in Hamburg 7–11 September 1992 under the auspices of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology. Guest Editor for these papers is L. Dümenil  相似文献   

Palaeomagnetic data of late Cretaceous rocks from Sumba,Indonesia; the rotation of the Sumba continental fragment and its relation with eastern Sundaland     

Wensink  Hans 《Geologie en Mijnbouw》1997,76(1-2):57-71

Sumba island forms part of a continental fragment, located near the transition of the Sunda Arc to the Banda Arc. It lies within the forearc region, between the active volcanic arc to the north and the Java Trench to the south. Palaeomagnetic studies of Cretaceous (late Albian-early Campanian) Lasipu sediments revealed a mean characteristic remanence (ChRM) direction with D = 42.5°, I = –23.0° and _{_95} = 6.1°, indicating a palaeolatitude of 12° S. This ChRM is, most likely, a secondary magnetization, possibly caused by the intrusion of the 65-Ma-old Tanadaro granodiorite. This granodiorite gave a mean ChRM direction with D = 44.7°, I = –16.3°, and ₉₅ = 12.2°, pointing to a palaeolatitude of 8.3° S. Eastern Sundaland with Borneo, west and south Sulawesi, and Sumba formed one continental unit in the late Mesozoic, most likely attached to the southeast Asian mainland. Borneo and west and south Sulawesi underwent large counterclockwise (CCW) rotations since the Jurassic with 45° during the Cretaceous, and 45° during the Palaeogene. The Sumba microcontinent, most likely, became detached from eastern Sundaland soon after deposition of the Lasipu sediments. Palaeomagnetic data show that Sumba underwent subsequent clockwise (CW) rotations of up to 96°: 53° between 82 and 65 Ma, and 38° between 65 and 37 Ma. Since the late Eocene, only small rotations occurred. The data indicate that eastern Sundaland, including Sumba, remained close to the equator since the Jurassic. CW rotations occurred in Sundaland both in the north (Indochina) and in the west (Sibumasu) as a consequence of the India – Eurasia collision. The same sense of rotation is seen further east in Sulawesis East Arm and the Philippine Sea plate. Eastern Sundaland (Borneo and west Sulawesi) with CCW rotations is being trapped between these CW rotating plates.  相似文献   

Barium uptake into the shells of the common mussel (Mytilus edulis) and the potential for estuarine paleo-chemistry reconstruction     

David P. Gillikin  Frank Dehairs  Dirk Steenmans  Luc André 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2006,70(2):395-407

In this study we test if calcite shells of the common mussel, Mytilus edulis, contain barium in proportion to the water in which they grew. Similar to all bivalves analyzed to date, the [Ba/Ca]_shell profiles are characterized by a relatively flat background [Ba/Ca]_shell, interrupted by sharp [Ba/Ca]_shell peaks. Previous studies have focused on these [Ba/Ca]_shell peaks, but not on the background [Ba/Ca]_shell. We show that in both laboratory and field experiments, there is a direct relationship between the background [Ba/Ca]_shell and [Ba/Ca]_water in M. edulis shells. The laboratory and field data provided background Ba/Ca partition coefficients (D_Ba) of 0.10 ± 0.02 and 0.071 ± 0.001, respectively. This range is slightly higher than the D_Ba previously determined for inorganic calcite, and slightly lower than foraminiferal calcite. These data suggest that M. edulis shells can be used as an indicator of [Ba/Ca]_water, and therefore, fossil or archaeological M. edulis shells could be used to extend knowledge of estuarine dissolved Ba throughputs back in time. Moreover, considering the inverse relationship between [Ba/Ca]_water and salinity, background [Ba/Ca]_shell data could be used as an estuary specific indicator of salinity. The cause of the [Ba/Ca]_shell peaks is more confusing, both the laboratory and field experiments indicate that they cannot be used as a direct proxy of [Ba/Ca]_water or phytoplankton production, but may possibly be caused by barite ingestion.  相似文献   

The political geography of religion: historical state-church relations in Europe and recent challenges     

Hans Knippenberg 《GeoJournal》2006,67(4):253-265

Historical processes of state formation and nation building are crucial for an understanding of the geography of religions and churches in Europe. Each country has developed its own model of state-church relations, giving rise to a ‘bewildering variety’ as Grace Davie aptly remarks. The aim of this paper is to bring some order to this variety by developing a framework for the comparative study of church-state relations based on Stein Rokkan’s famous conceptual map and recent extensions of it to Central and Eastern Europe by John Madeley. According to that framework Europe has been divided into three mono-confessional (Roman Catholic, Lutheran, and Eastern Orthodox) blocs and two multi-confessional culture belts from Northwest to Southeast, and from Northeast to Southeast. This historical pattern has been challenged by secularisation, which started with the Enlightenment and the French Revolution (Western Europe) and the Russian Revolution (Eastern Europe until the velvet revolutions of 1989/1991) and then became widespread after the ‘cultural revolutions’ of the 1960s. A second challenge has to do with globalisation and its consequences, such as massive immigration and the rise of immigrant religions, and in general deterritorialisation, which means the disembeddedness of religion from its national territory. A third challenge concerns reterritorialisation at other (supranational, regional, transnational, and local) scales, of which the new territorial order of the European Union seems to be the most important. Finally, this paper serves as an introduction to the case studies on church-state relations in this special issue.  相似文献   

Crustal structure across the Grand Banks–Newfoundland Basin Continental Margin – II. Results from a seismic reflection profile     

K. W. Helen Lau  Keith E. Louden  Sharon Deemer  Jeremy Hall  John R. Hopper  Brian E. Tucholke  W. Steven Holbrook  Hans Christian Larsen † 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,167(1):157-170

New multichannel seismic reflection data were collected over a 565 km transect covering the non-volcanic rifted margin of the central eastern Grand Banks and the Newfoundland Basin in the northwestern Atlantic. Three major crustal zones are interpreted from west to east over the seaward 350 km of the profile: (1) continental crust; (2) transitional basement and (3) oceanic crust. Continental crust thins over a wide zone (∼160 km) by forming a large rift basin (Carson Basin) and seaward fault block, together with a series of smaller fault blocks eastwards beneath the Salar and Newfoundland basins. Analysis of selected previous reflection profiles (Lithoprobe 85-4, 85-2 and Conrad NB-1) indicates that prominent landward-dipping reflections observed under the continental slope are a regional phenomenon. They define the landward edge of a deep serpentinized mantle layer, which underlies both extended continental crust and transitional basement. The 80-km-wide transitional basement is defined landwards by a basement high that may consist of serpentinized peridotite and seawards by a pair of basement highs of unknown crustal origin. Flat and unreflective transitional basement most likely is exhumed, serpentinized mantle, although our results do not exclude the possibility of anomalously thinned oceanic crust. A Moho reflection below interpreted oceanic crust is first observed landwards of magnetic anomaly M4, 230 km from the shelf break. Extrapolation of ages from chron M0 to the edge of interpreted oceanic crust suggests that the onset of seafloor spreading was ∼138 Ma (Valanginian) in the south (southern Newfoundland Basin) to ∼125 Ma (Barremian–Aptian boundary) in the north (Flemish Cap), comparable to those proposed for the conjugate margins.  相似文献   

The changing relationship between state and church/religion in the Netherlands     

Hans Knippenberg 《GeoJournal》2006,67(4):317-330

The Netherlands is part of the historic Northwest-Southeast multi-confessional culture belt according to the comparative framework of church-state relations in Europe as recently developed by Madeley on the basis of Rokkan’s conceptual map. The aim of this paper is to describe the development of the church-state relations in the Netherlands within this historic framework of state-formation and nation-building, and to interpret recent challenges of its historic state-church model, such as secularisation, the rise of immigrant religions, and general ‘de- and re-territorialisation’ tendencies. The Netherlands developed from a relatively very tolerant polity dominated by the Calvinist Church to a ‘pillarised’ society, in which the Rome-Reformation divide (which also had a strong geographical dimension) was institutionalised in the political system. After the 1960s, very strong secularisation put this ‘pillarised’ system under severe pressure, but the remnants of this system offered a favourable opportunity structure for religious newcomers (Muslims in particular), who could establish their mosques and Muslim schools relatively easily. However, while the main Protestant churches, and even Catholic and Protestant political parties have merged, failing integration of these newcomers in Dutch society and terrorist attacks at the global level as well as in the Netherlands encouraged a new divide between Muslims and non-Muslims. The metropolitan areas in particular became the scene of this new divide.  相似文献   

Daily Air Temperature and Pressure Series for Stockholm (1756–1998)     

Anders Moberg  Hans Bergström  Josefin Ruiz Krigsman  Ola Svanered 《Climatic change》2002,53(1-3):171-212

Daily meteorological observations have been made at the old astronomical observatory in Stockholm since 1754. Complete daily mean series of air temperature and sea level pressure are reconstructed from the observational data for 1756–1998. The temperature and pressure series arereconstructed and homogenized with the aid of metadata, statistical tests and comparisons with data from other stations. Comparisons with independently reconstructed daily series for nearby Uppsala (1722–1998) show that the quality of thedaily Stockholm data is good, although the reliability is lower before the mid-19th century. The daily temperature data show that the colder winter mean temperatures of the late 18th to early 19th centuries were connected with a particularly high frequency of very cold winter days. The warmer summers of the same period are more connected with a general shift of the temperature distribution towards higher temperatures than in the late 20th century.  相似文献   

Origin of the northern Indus Fan and Murray Ridge, Northern Arabian Sea: interpretation from seismic and magnetic imaging     

Christoph Gaedicke  Hans-Ulrich Schlüter  Hans Albert Roeser  Alexander Prexl  Bernd Schreckenberger  Heinrich Meyer  Christian Reichert  Peter Clift  Shahid Amjad 《Tectonophysics》2002,355(1-4)

The nature and origin of the sediments and crust of the Murray Ridge System and northern Indus Fan are discussed. The uppermost unit consists of Middle Miocene to recent channel–levee complexes typical of submarine fans. This unit is underlain by a second unit composed of hemipelagic to pelagic sediments deposited during the drift phase after the break-up of India–Seychelles–Africa. A predrift sequence of assumed Mesozoic age occurring only as observed above basement ridges is composed of highly consolidated rocks. Different types of the acoustic basement were detected, which reflection seismic pattern, magnetic anomalies and gravity field modeling indicate to be of continental character. The continental crust is extremely thinned in the northern Indus Fan, lacking a typical block-faulted structure. The Indian continent–ocean transition is marked on single MCS profiles by sequences of seaward-dipping reflectors (SDR). In the northwestern Arabian Sea, the Indian plate margin is characterized by several phases of volcanism and deformation revealed from interpretation of multichannel seismic profiles and magnetic anomalies. From this study, thinned continental crust spreads between the northern Murray Ridge System and India underneath the northern Indus Fan.  相似文献   

Geochemistry and sequence stratigraphy of regional Upper Cretaceous limestone units, offshore eastern Canada   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hans J.B.W. Wielens  R. Andrew MacRae  John Shimeld 《Organic Geochemistry》2002,33(12)

Hydrocarbons occur in two regional, Upper Cretaceous limestone units—the Turonian-Coniacian Petrel Member, and the Santonian-Maastrichtian Wyandot Formation. The units form important seismic markers beneath the Scotian Shelf and the Grand Banks of Eastern Canada. They mainly consist of bioturbated chalk and minor amounts of calcareous mudstone. A search for source rock using the Δ log R technique showed intervals with source potential, but testing of core and cuttings by Rock-Eval analysis showed no source potential. Three issues are the main cause for the inconsistency: (1) unconsolidated shales that likely included organic material were lost during sample washing; (2) severe contamination by mud additives; and (3) presence of gas. The organic matter found on the shelf has been strongly oxidised, but the distal facies of these limestone units and condensed shale units above and below may yet have potential to form source rock, beyond the studied areas.  相似文献