Sedimentary,tectonic, and sea-level controls on submarine fan and slope-apron turbidite systems   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dorrik A. V. Stow  David G. Howell  C. Hans Nelson 《Geo-Marine Letters》1983,3(2-4):57-64

To help understand factors that influence submarine fan deposition, we outline some of the principal sedimentary, tectonic, and sea-level controls involved in deep-water sedimentation, give some data on the rates at which they operate, and evaluate their probable effects. Three depositional end-member systems, two submarine fan types (elongate and radial), and a third nonfan, slope-apron system result primarily from variations in sediment type and supply. Tectonic setting and local and global sea-level changes further modify the nature of fan growth, the distribution of facies, and the resulting vertical stratigraphic sequences.  相似文献   

The Ebro Deep-Sea Fan system     

C. Hans Nelson  Andres Maldonado  Francis Coumes  Henri Got  Andre Manaco 《Geo-Marine Letters》1983,3(2-4):125-131

The Ebro Fan System consists of en echelon channel-levee complexes, 50×20 km in area and 200-m thick. A few strong reflectors in a generally transparent seismic facies identify the sand-rich channel floors and levee crests. Numerous continuous acoustic reflectors characterize overbank turbidites and hemipelagites that blanket abandoned channel-levee complexes. The interlobe areas between channel complexes fill with homogeneous mud and sand from mass flow and overbank deposition; these exhibit a transparent seismic character. The steep continental rise and sediment “drainage” of Valencia Trough at the end of the channel-levee complexes prevent the development of distributary channels and midfan lobe deposits.  相似文献   

Coastal morphometry as regulator of water exchange—a Swedish example     

Lars Hkanson  Hans Kvarns  Bert Karlsson 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1986,23(6)

This is a paper from the Swedish research project ‘The coastal zone—scientific criteria for planners’. The goal has been to establish simple, general scientific methods for management of Swedish coastal waters. In this paper the focus is on a set of empirical data from 21 so-called type areas and on the exchange of surface water. The working hypothesis has been that the water retention (or residence) time is regulated by the morphometry. The theory has been verified. It has been shown that the water retention time can be determined from a formula based on only two key morphometric parameters, the exposure and the mean coastal width. It provides an 86% degree of explanation (r²=0·86) of the variation in empirically determined retention times and can be physically linked to the basic mass balance equation. The formula is valid for the bioproductive season (May–Oct.) and for small (1–100 km²) Swedish coastal areas. It cannot be directly applied to areas affected by heavy tides.  相似文献   

Structure of the Mid Atlantic Ridge province between 12° and 18°N     

Bastiaan J. Collette  Hans Schouten  Kees Rutten  A. Peter Slootweg 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1974,2(2):143-179

An analysis is given of air-gun profiler and magnetic data obtained in the central North Atlantic between 12° and 18°N. Eight fracture zones were crossed, one of which (the 15°20N fracture zone) was traced over a distance of 1500 km. The mode of adjustment of fracture zones to a change in direction of spreading is discussed. It is shown that also if this new direction would lead to an opening of the fracture zone, and adjustment fracture can originate and actually does so in several instances.The about E-W fracture zones dominate the structure of the Ridge province entirely, both with regard to the topography and to the magnetics. A magnetic model is proposed accounting for the different types of anomalies found over fracture zones. No intrusive bodies are needed to explain these anomalies.The origin of fracture zones is related to thermal contraction of a cooling lithosphere while moving from the ridge. Thermal contraction may also explain how the American and the African plates are freed from the grip they are caught in by the fanning of the fracture zones in the central North Atlantic. The fanning of fracture zones has consequences for the determination of the pole of spreading. This pole can only be found as a best fit from a synthesis of the total plate boundary, i.e. from the Azores to Bouvet Island. Local poles have only restricted value, since deviations up to 5 deg occur from a small circle pattern based on existing data.Several huge structures, viz. Researcher Ridge and Royal Trough, are found in the area which seem to parallel the flow lines of the fracture zone system. No adequate explanation exists for these structures.  相似文献   

Quaternary seismic stratigraphy of the North Sea Fan: glacially-fed gravity flow aprons, hemipelagic sediments, and large submarine slides     

Edward L. King  Hans Petter Sejrup  Haflidi Haflidason  Anders Elverhi  Inge Aarseth 《Marine Geology》1996,130(3-4):293-315

Approximately 1000 km of high resolution sleeve-gun array transects on the North Sea Fan, located at the mouth of the Norwegian Channel, reveal three dominant styles of sedimentation within a thick (> 900 m) Quaternary sediment wedge comprising numerous sequences. These are interpreted as: terrigenous hemipelagic sedimentation, large scale translational slides, and aprons of glaciogenic debris flow deposits contributing to considerable fan construction. Four large, buried translational slides involved sediment volumes upwards of 3000 km³ each and preceded the similarly dimensioned “first” Storegga Slide on the NE fan flank. Several thick (> 100 m) terrigenous hemipelagic deposits apparently represent long-lived (150–200 kyr) periods of sedimentation whose distribution indicates fan input via the Norwegian Channel. The upper sequences are each made upper sequences are each made up of one or several thick (> 100 m) aprons comprising stacked lensoid and/or lobate forms which range from 2 to 40 km in width and 15 to 60 m in thickness. They characterize debris flows attributed to periodic input from several phases of a Norwegian Channel ice stream reaching the shelf edge. Subsidence in the outer Norwegian Channel allowed preservation of several glaciation cycles represented by sheet erosion-bounded tills and progradational units. Much of the shelf/slope transition has been preserved, allowing a preliminary chronology of the fan sequences through correlation with borehole sediments in the Norwegian Channel. Debris flows, which signal the initial shelf-edge glaciation, are not recognized from the initial glaciation in the Channel (> 1.1 Myr) but are associated with a Middle Pleistocene and all following glacial erosion surfaces (GES) in the outer Norwegian Channel. This was followed by six further sequences, probably totalling over 13,000 km³ of sediment. At least four of these were shelf-edge ice-maximum events the last of which was Late Weichselian age (¹⁴C AMS). Considering earlier glaciation-related hemipelagic sedimentation, material since removed by the large slides, and extensive unmapped areas, total Quaternary fan sedimentation was in the vicinity of 20,000 km³.  相似文献   

Gletscherkunde und Glazialrelief     

Hans Hess 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1910,1(4):135-142

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

10. Bemerkungen über den Tillit von Bigganjarga am Varangerfjord     

Hans Rudolf von Gaertner 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1943,34(2-6):226-231

Zusammenfassung Durch DAL (1896) und REUSCH (1891) wurde in den letzten Jahren des vorigen Jahrhunderts das Vorkommen eines Tillites über gekritztem Untergrund beschrieben. SCHIÖTZ und STRAHAN besuchten das Vorkommen um die gleiche Zeit. Von ihnen bezweifelte SCHIÖTZ die Moränennatur des Vorkommens und glaubte, die Schrammen auf die jungquartäre Vergletscherung der Gebiete zurückführen zu können. Er wies auch auf die völlige Gleichheit der Sandsteine über und unter dem Tillit hin, die sich seitlich des Tillites zusammenschließen. Neuerdings hat HOLTEDAHL die ganze Gegend eingehend untersucht. Er unterschied einen unteren Tillit, der meist mit fluvioglazialen Konglomeraten (Moränenkonglomerat bei HOLTEDAHL) verknüpft bzw. durch sie ersetzt ist. Dieser Zug ist südlich und ostwärts unseres Vorkommens auf der Halbinsel Kvalnes und bei Mortenes am Varangerfjord aufgeschlossen und liegt nach der HOLTEDAHLschen Darstellung stratigraphisch unter den Sandsteinen, in denen der Tillit von Bigganjarga aufsetzt. Weiter nördlich treffen wir auf einen oberen Tillit, der aus tonigen Schichten mit wahllos eingestreuten großen Geröllen besteht. Die Gliederung in einen oberen und unteren Tillit ist überall wiederzuerkennen. Sie wurde von FÖYN in dem 80 km entfernten Tanagebiet neuerdings ausführlich beschrieben. Zwischen ihm lagern die gleichen quarzitischen Sandsteine wie am Varangerfjord. Das Alter der Tillitserie ist durch Funde von unterkambrischen Fossilien einige hundert Meter höher in der konkordanten Serie als eokambrisch festgelegt worden.Es ist nun eine sehr auffällige Tatsache, daß in dem weiten, gut aufgeschlossenen Gebiet nirgends ein dritter Tillit gefunden wurde, der mit unserem Vorkommen zu vergleichen wäre. So erscheinen Bedenken gegen die rein glaziale Natur der Ablagerung berechtigt und wird eine neue Untersuchung des Vorkommens gerechtfertigt. Ferner schien es reizvoll, die von Konr. Richter aufgestellte Methode der statistischen Gefügeuntersuchung auf ein so altes Vorkommen anzuwenden. Konr. Richter gab die Anregung. Hierzu bot sich gelegentlich einer Exkursion gemeinsam mit den Herren Dr. Knetsch, Dr. Sahama und Dr. Haapala im Sommer 1943 eine Gelegenheit.Der Aufschluß befindet sich unmittelbar an der Südküste der in das Ende des Varangerfjordes vorspringenden Halbinsel Bigganarga, etwa halbwegs zwischen dem Ort Karlbottn und dem Gehöft Bigganjarga. Er ist von Karlbottn in einer dreiviertel Stunde Fußmarsch zu erreichen.  相似文献   

Hebung — Spaltung — Vulkanismus     

Hans Cloos 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1939,30(6):637-640

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Turbulent Airflow and Wave-Induced Stress Over the Ocean     

Hitoshi Tamura  William M. Drennan  Clarence O. CollinsIII  Hans C. Graber 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2018,169(1):47-66

We examine the structure of turbulent airflow over ocean waves. Based on an analysis of wind and wave observations derived from a moored and floating Air–Sea Interaction Spar buoy during the Shoaling Waves Experiment field campaign, we show that the cospectra of momentum flux for wind–sea conditions follow established universal scaling laws. Under swell-dominant conditions, the wave boundary layer is extended and the universal cospectral scaling breaks down, as demonstrated previously. On the other hand, the use of peak wave frequency to reproduce the universal cospectra successfully explains the structure of the turbulent flow field. We quantify the wave-coherent component of the airflow and this clarifies how ocean waves affect momentum transfer through the wave boundary layer. In fact, the estimated wave-induced stresses for swell-dominant conditions explain the anomalous cospectral shapes observed near the peak wave frequency.  相似文献   

Political affiliation affects adaptation to climate risks: Evidence from New York City     

W. J. Wouter Botzen  Erwann Michel-Kerjan  Howard Kunreuther  Hans de Moel  Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts 《Climatic change》2016,138(1-2):353-360

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