Untersuchung sommerlicher Anomalien der Konzentration atmosphärischer Gefrierkerne     

Hans Walter Georgii  Erich Kleinjung 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1968,71(1):181-189

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt Gefrierkernmessungen, die im Rahmen eines europäischen Gemeinschaftsprogrammes auf dem Kleinen Feldberg/Taunus vorgenommen wurden. Ein Ziel dieser Arbeiten war die Aufdeckung und Deutung sommerlicher Anomalien der Gefrierkernkonzentration. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß während des Sommers 1964 aufgetretene Anomalien im wesentlichen regionalen Einflüssen zugeschrieben werden können. Ein Zusammenhang mit den an verschiedenen in Frankreich, Italien, Österreich und Spanien unterhaltenen Meßstellen gleichzeitig gewonnenen Ergebnissen ist nicht nachweisbar.

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Summary This paper deals with measurements of the concentration of atmospheric freezingnuclei carried out in the frame of an European cooperative program. The investigations described here were made on Mt. Kleiner Feldberg/Taunus. They aimed at detecting and explaining anomalies of the freezing-nucleus concentration generally occurring during the summer-months. The results show that the anomalies observed on Mr. Kleiner Feldberg during summer 1964 are mainly caused by regional phenomena. There exists hardly any connection to results gained at the same time at sites of measurement in France, Italy, Austria and Spain.

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Messungen der statistischen Verteilung der Auslenkung der Meeresoberfläche im Seegang     

Herbert Carlson  Karl Richter  Hans Walden 《Ocean Dynamics》1967,20(2):59-64

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Die tektonische Fazies als ein Mittel zur Darstellung der Tektonik auf Übersichtskarten     

Prof. Dr. Hans Rudolf von Gaertner 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1967,56(1):691-696

Zusammenfassung Es wird die Darstellung der Fazies in einer Auswahl auf tektonischen Karten angeregt. Die Auswahl sollte nach der tektonischen Bedeutung der Fazies erfolgen. Labiler Schelf = faltbare Schichten, mächtige Kalkklötze sind solche lithotektonischen Komplexe. Molasse und Flysch, die bestimmte Entwicklungsstadien der Geosynklinale wiederspiegeln, gehören hierher. Besonders wichtig erscheint die Heraushebung der langanhaltenden Räume mit Schwellenfazies (Geantiklinalen) und der Kordilleren-Zonen.

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It is proposed to represent selectively the facies on tectonic maps. Selection should be governed by the tectonic significance of the facies. Such lithotectonic complexes are labile shelfs = foldable layers and thick limestones blocks. Also molasse and flysch reflecting certain stages of development of the geosyncline belong to this complex. The distinction of areas with long time swell facies (geoanticlines) and of Cordilleran zones, seems to be of particular importance.

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Résumé L'auteur suggère de représenter en partie les faciès dans des cartes tectoniques. La sélection doit s'effectuer selon l'importance tectonique des faciès. Les plateformes continentales mobiles = couches pliables et de grands blocs calcaires constituent de tels complexes litho-tectoniques. De même en font partie la molasse et le flysch qui reflètent de certaines phases de développement des géosynclinaux. Il semble particulièrement important de mettre en valeur les régions à faciès de bombement (geanticlines) persistant et les zones de cordillères.

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Etwas abgeänderter Vortrag, gehalten Februar 1966 auf der Hauptversammlung der Geologischen Vereinigung in Wien.  相似文献   

Buchbesprechungen     

W. Mörikofer  Hans-Jürgen Bolle  F. Steinhauser  Hans Steinhäusser  K. Chalupa  W. Mahringer 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1965,14(1):114-124

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

The collision singularity in a perturbedN-body problem     

Sperling  Hans J. 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1972,5(3):396-406

Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy - Consider the perturbedN-body problem $$Z_k = - \gamma \sum\limits_{\mathop {j \ne k}\limits^{j = 1} }^N {\frac{{Z_k - Zj}}{{|Z_k - Zj|^3 }}} + P_k...  相似文献   

Die Technik der Belüftung in Belebtschlammanlagen     

W. von der Emde 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1964,26(2):338-361

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Gondwana-derived microcontinents — the constituents of the Variscan and Alpine collisional orogens     

Jürgen F von Raumer  Grard M Stampfli  Franois Bussy 《Tectonophysics》2003,365(1-4):7

The European Variscan and Alpine mountain chains are collisional orogens, and are built up of pre-Variscan “building blocks” which, in most cases, originated at the Gondwana margin. Such pre-Variscan elements were part of a pre-Ordovician archipelago-like continental ribbon in the former eastern prolongation of Avalonia, and their present-day distribution resulted from juxtaposition through Variscan and/or Alpine tectonic evolution. The well-known nomenclatures applied to these mountain chains are the mirror of Variscan resp. Alpine organization. It is the aim of this paper to present a terminology taking into account their pre-Variscan evolution at the Gondwana margin. They may contain relics of volcanic islands with pieces of Cadomian crust, relics of volcanic arc settings, and accretionary wedges, which were separated from Gondwana by initial stages of Rheic ocean opening. After a short-lived Ordovician orogenic event and amalgamation of these elements at the Gondwanan margin, the still continuing Gondwana-directed subduction triggered the formation of Ordovician Al-rich granitoids and the latest Ordovician opening of Palaeo-Tethys. An example from the Alps (External Massifs) illustrates the gradual reworking of Gondwana-derived, pre-Variscan elements during the Variscan and Alpine/Tertiary orogenic cycles.  相似文献   

Seawater transport and reaction in upper oceanic basaltic basement: chemical data from continuous monitoring of sealed boreholes in a ridge flank environment     

C.Geoffrey Wheat  Hans W. Jannasch  Josh N. Plant 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2003,216(4):549-564

Osmotically pumped fluid samplers were deployed in four deep-sea boreholes that were drilled during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 168 on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Samplers were recovered from ODP Sites 1024 and 1027 and aliquots were analyzed for a variety of dissolved ions. Results from both of the samplers show a drastic change in the major ion composition within the first 20-40 days after the borehole was sealed at the seafloor followed by a more gradual change in composition. This gradual change ceased after 820 days at Site 1024 but continued throughout the 3-year deployment at Site 1027. We modeled this change in composition to estimate the flux of formation fluid through the open borehole. The rapid early change requires a flow of ∼1500 kg of formation fluid per day. The more gradual later change requires flow rates of 38 kg/day at Site 1024 and 17.5 kg/day at Site 1027. The latter fluxes require a minimum average specific discharge of meters to hundreds of meters per year through the surrounding basaltic matrix. Trace element data show surprisingly little contamination given the presence of steel casing, Li-organic-rich grease at each joint, cement, and drilling muds. Observed changes in trace element concentrations relative to those of bottom seawater provide a measure for the global significance of cool (23°C; ODP Site 1024) ridge flank hydrothermal systems relative to warm (64°C; Baby Bare and ODP Site 1027) hydrothermal systems and illustrate the importance of these cooler systems to global geochemical budgets.  相似文献   

Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen: Implications for nutrient over-enrichment of coastal waters   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Hans W. Paerl  Robin L. Dennis  David R. Whitall 《Estuaries and Coasts》2002,25(4):677-693

Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (AD-N) is a significant source of nitrogen enrichment to nitrogen (N)-limited estuarine and coastal waters downwind of anthropogenic emissions. Along the eastern U.S. coast and eastern Gulf of Mexico, AD-N currently accounts for 10% to over 40% of new N loading to estuaries. Extension of the regional acid deposition model (RADM) to coastal shelf waters indicates that 11, 5.6, and 5.6 kg N ha⁻¹ may be deposited on the continental shelf areas of the northeastern U.S. coast, southeast U.S. coast, and eastern Gulf of Mexico, respectively. AD-N approximates or exceeds riverine N inputs in many coastal regions. From a spatial perspective, AD-N is a unique source of N enrichment to estuarine and coastal waters because, for a receiving water body, the airshed may exceed the watershed by 10–20 fold. AD-N may originate far outside of the currently managed watersheds. AD-N may increase in importance as a new N source by affecting waters downstream of the oligohaline and mesohaline estuarine nutrient filters where large amounts of terrestrially-supplied N are assimilated and denitrified. Regionally and globally, N deposition associated with urbanization (NO_x, peroxyacetyl nitrate, or PAN) and agricultural expansion (NH₄ ⁺ and possibly organic N) has increased in coastal airsheds. Recent growth and intensification of animal (poultry, swine, cattle) operations in the midwest and mid-Atlantic regions have led to increasing amounts of NH₄ ⁺ emission and deposition, according to a three decadal analysis of the National Acid Deposition Program network. In western Europe, where livestock operations have dominated agricultural production for the better part of this century, NH₄ ⁺ is the most abundant form of AD-N. AD-N deposition in the U.S. is still dominated by oxides of N (NO_x) emitted from fossil fuel combustion; annual NH₄ ⁺ deposition is increasing, and in some regions is approaching total NO₃ ⁻ deposition. In receiving estuarine and coastal waters, phytoplankton community structural and functional changes, associated water quality, and trophic and biogeochemical alterations (i.e, algal blooms, hypoxia, food web, and fisheries habitat disruption) are frequent consequences of N-driven eutrophication. Increases in and changing proportions of various new N sources regulate phytoplankton competitive interactions, dominance, and successional patterns. These quantitative and qualitative aspects of AD-N and other atmospheric nutrient sources (e.g., iron) may promote biotic changes now apparent in estuarine and coastal waters, including the proliferation of harmful algal blooms, with cascading impacts on water quality and fisheries.  相似文献   

Melt composition control of Zr/Hf fractionation in magmatic processes   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

Robert L. Linnen  Hans Keppler 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2002,66(18):3293-3301

Zircon (ZrSiO₄) and hafnon (HfSiO₄) solubilities in water-saturated granitic melts have been determined as a function of melt composition at 800° and 1035°C at 200 MPa. The solubilities of zircon and hafnon in metaluminous or peraluminous melts are orders of magnitude lower than in strongly peralkaline melt. Moreover, the molar ratio of zircon and hafnon solubility is a function of melt composition. Although the solubilities are nearly identical in peralkaline melts, zircon on a molar basis is up to five times more soluble than hafnon in peraluminous melts. Accordingly, calculated partition coefficients of Zr and Hf between zircon and melt are nearly equal for the peralkaline melts, whereas for metaluminous and peraluminous melts D_Hf/D_Zr for zircon is 0.5 to 0.2. Consequently, zircon fractionation will strongly decrease Zr/Hf in some granites, whereas it has little effect on the Zr/Hf ratio in alkaline melts or similar depolymerized melt compositions.The ratio of the molar solubilities of zircon and hafnon for a given melt composition, temperature, and pressure is proportional to the Hf/Zr activity coefficient ratio in the melt. The data imply that this ratio is nearly constant and probably close to unity for a wide range of peralkaline and similar depolymerized melts. However, it changes by a factor of two to five over a relatively small interval of melt compositions when a nearly fully polymerized melt structure is approached. For most ferromagnesian minerals in equilibrium with a depolymerized melt, D_Hf > D_Zr. Typical values of D_Hf/D_Zr range from 1.5 to 2.5 for clinopyroxene, amphibole, and titanite. Because of the change in the Hf/Zr activity ratio in the melt, the relative fractionation of Zr and Hf by these minerals will disappear or even be reversed when the melt composition approaches that of a metaluminous or peraluminous granite. It is thus not surprising that fractional crystallization of such granitic magmas leads to a decrease in Zr/Hf, whereas fractional crystallization of depolymerized melts tends to increase Zr/Hf. There is no need to invoke fluid metasomatism to explain these effects. Results demonstrate that for ions with identical charge and nearly identical radius, crystal chemistry does not alone determine relative compatibilities. Rather, the effect of changing activity coefficients in the melt may be comparable to or even larger than elastic strain effects in the crystal lattice.  相似文献