Time-averaged spectroheliograms     

G. A. Chapman 《Solar physics》1972,26(2):299-304

The great improvement in signal-to-noise as a result of time-averaging a sequence of 6103-core spectroheliograms is shown. It is suggested that such a technique should greatly enhance the network seen on filtergrams made with the 3840 Å violet filter (Chapman, 1970). Finally, the evolution of a sunspot, observed with time-lapse spectroheliograms is discussed.  相似文献   

The Magnetic Field and Energy of an Axisymmetric Van Allen Belt     

S. Chapman  P. C. Kendall  P. N. Swartztrauber  D. W. Windle 《Geophysical Journal International》1968,15(3):317-329

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Abundance of Fe relative to H at 1.5 solar radii     

M. P. Nakada  R. D. Chapman  W. M. Neupert  R. J. Thomas 《Solar physics》1975,42(2):487-496

The abundance of Fe relative to H is obtained by using resonantly scattered intensities of λ 284 of Fe XV that were measured with OSO-7 and resonantly scattered intensities of Lα of H I that were obtained by Gabriel (1971). Because of possible differences in electron densities along lines of sight for these non-simultaneous measurements and in relative calibrations, results are rather uncertain but still indicate that the average Fe abundance relative to H in the corona appears to be at least as large as a recent photospheric abundance. Some limitations in using this method for obtaining abundances are examined for future experiments with simultaneous measurements and well calibrated detectors.  相似文献   

Eclipse of radio emission on 7 March, 1970 at 10 cm wavelength from the active region associated with McMath plage 10 618     

Earle B. Mayfield  Gary A. Chapman  Ronald M. Straka 《Solar physics》1971,21(2):460-468

Radio emission of 10 cm from the whole disk was monitored during the eclipse of 7 March, 1970 by the Aerospace San Fernando Observatory and AFCRL Sagamore Hill Solar Radio Observatory. For both, the active region associated with sunspot 17 774, McMath region 10 618, was occulted. At Sagamore Hill the entire region was occulted. At SFO only the southern half of the sunspot group and the hydrogen plage southeast of the group was occulted. This region produced an importance class 1N flare and 10 cm burst beginning at 1601 UT and was enhanced about 15 flux units above the mean value of 190 units at onset.The Sagamore Hill data indicate the region was about 3.8 and contributed about 0.21 of the total radiation from the disk. The SFO data gave about 5.4 for the size of the southern half of the region and showed that about 0.20 of the total radiation came from there. Radiation came primarily from the hydrogen plage southeast of the major spot of the group. The hydrogen plage northwest of the group did not contribute significantly. Although the small flare occurred in this region, it did not contribute more than 0.04 of the total (0.20 of the active region) at occultation of region 10 618.  相似文献   

SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR NEW ZEALAND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE     

John  Chapman 《New Zealand geographer》1965,21(1):80-82

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Asteroids and meteorites: Origin of stony-iron meteorites at mantle-core boundaries     

Richard Greenberg  Clark R. Chapman 《Icarus》1984,57(2):267-279

Stony-iron meteorites formed at the core/mantle interfaces of small asteroidal parents. The mesosiderites formed when the thick crust of a largely molten parent body (100–200 km in diameter) foundered and sank through the mantle to the core. Pallasites formed in smaller parent bodies (50–100 km) in which olivine crystals from the partially molten mantle sank to the core/mantle interface and rafted there. Subsequent collisions stripped away the rocky mantles of both kinds of parent bodies, exposing the stony-iron surfaces of their cores to direct impacts, which continue to knock off meteorite fragments.  相似文献   

Aquarium species: deadly invaders     

Calado R  Chapman PM 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,52(6):599-601

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An evaluation of the Wellington Regional Genuine Progress Index     

Ralph Chapman 《New Zealand geographer》2012,68(1):1-13

There is widespread discontent with the gross domestic product (GDP) as a measure of progress for society. Alternative measures have been proposed, including the genuine progress indicator (GPI). This paper examines the changing institutional arrangements and attitudinal context in the recently developed Wellington region (New Zealand) GPI. We found an alignment between the GPI framework and the Local Government Act. Despite this fit, we identified challenges, including the need to revitalise public participation through deliberative techniques. It remains too early to judge whether the GPI initiative will launch a viable alternative to the GDP for the Wellington region.  相似文献   

Assessing the potential impact of climate change on the UK’s electricity network   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Lynsey McColl  Erika J. Palin  Hazel E. Thornton  David M. H. Sexton  Richard Betts  Ken Mylne 《Climatic change》2012,115(3-4):821-835

We investigate how weather affects the UK’s electricity network, by examining past data of weather-related faults on the transmission and distribution networks. By formalising the current relationship between weather-related faults and weather, we use climate projections from a regional climate model (RCM) to quantitatively assess how the frequency of these faults may change in the future. This study found that the incidences of both lightning and solar heat faults are projected to increase in the future. There is evidence that the conditions that cause flooding faults may increase in the future, but a reduction cannot be ruled out. Due to the uncertainty associated with future wind projections, there is no clear signal associated with the future frequency of wind and gale faults, however snow, sleet and blizzard faults are projected to decrease due to a reduction in the number of snow days.  相似文献   

Metal absorption systems in spectra of pairs of QSOs: how absorbers cluster around QSOs and other absorbers     

David Tytler  Mark Gleed  Carl Melis  Angela Chapman  David Kirkman  Dan Lubin  Pascal Paschos  Tridivesh Jena  Arlin P. S. Crotts 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,392(4):1539-1572

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