Magnetic domain observations on magnetite and titanomaghemite grains (0.5–10 μm)     

Christoph E. Geiß  Franz Heider  Heinrich C. Soffel 《Geophysical Journal International》1996,124(1):75-88

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Audiomagnetotelluric investigations of shallow sedimentary basins in northern Sudan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Heinrich Brasse  Volker Rath 《Geophysical Journal International》1997,128(2):301-314

Audiomagnetotelluric (AMT) investigations were carried out to study shallow sedimentary basins in northern Sudan and southern Egypt. Unlike recordings in settled areas, the natural variations (atmospherics) in the eastern Sahara were completely unperturbed by cultural noise, usually yielding very high data quality. Typical recordings and spectra are presented. The atmospherics show distinct daily variations, with maximum amplitudes in the local afternoon/night hours. As a sort of calibration, AMT measurements together with DC-resistivity and electromagnetic soundings were conducted at several groundwater boreholes. Under favourable conditions, a vertical anisotropy may be resolved by joint inversion of DCR and AMT data. The results of a case study in the Es Safya basin (NW Sudan) are presented. The investigations were aimed at determining basement depths and groundwater levels, as well as the direction and dip of major bounding faults. 2-D modelling and inversion revealed the overall conductivity structure of this shallow graben. The AMT method proved to be a valuable tool for a comparatively swift reconnaissance study of shallow structures.  相似文献   

Boron-isotope fractionation between tourmaline and fluid: an experimental re-investigation   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Christian Meyer  Bernd Wunder  Anette Meixner  Rolf L. Romer  Wilhelm Heinrich 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2008,156(2):259-267

The fractionation of boron isotopes between synthetic dravitic tourmaline and fluid was determined by hydrothermal experiments between 400 and 700°C at 200 MPa and at 500°C, 500 MPa. Tourmaline was crystallized from an oxide mix in presence of water that contained boron in excess. In one series of experiments, [B]_fluid/[B]_tour was 9 after the run; in another series it was 0.1. All experiments produced tourmaline as the sole boron-bearing solid, along with traces of quartz and talc. Powder XRD and Rietveld refinements revealed no significant amounts of tetrahedrally coordinated boron in tourmaline. ¹¹B always preferentially fractionated into the fluid. For experiments where [B]_fluid/[B]_tour was 9, a consistent temperature-dependent boron isotope fractionation curve resulted, approximated by Δ¹¹B_{(tour–fluid)} = −4.20 · [1,000/T (K)] + 3.52; R ² = 0.77, and valid from 400 to 700°C. No pressure dependence was observed. The fractionation (−2.7 ± 0.5‰ at 400°C; and −0.8 ± 0.5‰ at 700°C) is much lower than that previously presented by Palmer et al. (1992). Experiments where [B]_fluid/[B]_tour was 0.1 showed a significant larger apparent fractionation of up to −4.7‰. In one of these runs, the isotopic composition of handpicked tourmaline crystals of different size varied by 1.3‰. This is interpreted as resulting from fractional crystallization of boron isotopes during tourmaline growth due to the small boron reservoir of the fluid relative to tourmaline, thus indicating larger fractionation than observed at equilibrium. The effect is eliminated or minimized in experiments with very high boron excess in the fluid. We therefore suggest that values given by the above relation represent the true equilibrium fractionations.  相似文献   

Fluid evolution in a volcanic-hosted epithermal carbonate–base metal–gold vein system: Alto de la Blenda,Farallón Negro,Argentina     

M. Florencia Márquez-Zavalía  Christoph A. Heinrich 《Mineralium Deposita》2016,51(7):873-902

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On the Tropical Plankton Communities in the Western Pacific     

Heinrich  A. K. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1969,33(1):45-52

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Vergleichende geochemische Untersuchungen an ost- und südalpinen Graniten,Granodioriten und Tonaliten     

Heinrich Gundlach  Franz Karl  Georg Müller 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1967,16(4):285-299

Zusammenfassung Im Anschluß an vergleichende Untersuchungen Karls (1959) zur Petrographie und chemischen Zusammensetzung metamorpher Tonalite nördlich des Alpenhauptkammes und nichtmetamorpher Intrusivgesteine des Periadriatischen Bogens wurden für geochemische Untersuchungen insgesamt 113 Gesteinsproben aus beiden Gebieten entnommen.Diese wurden auf folgende Hauptbestandteile: SiO₂, Fe ges. (als Fe₂O₃), CaO, MgO, Na₂O und K₂O sowie die Spurenelemente: Zn, Co, Ni, V, Cr, Sr, Pb (ferner Cu, Sn und Be) untersucht.Getrennt für beide Gesteinsgruppen wurden aus den Analysendaten die statistischen Mittelwerte und deren Standardabweichungen für die einzelnen Elemente berechnet.Beide Gruppen stimmen innerhalb der Standard-Abweichungen weitgehend überein, d. h. die metamorphen Tonalite der Nord-Gruppe entsprechen bezüglich der gefundenen Spurenelementgehalte den nichtmetamorphen periadriatischen Intrusivgesteinen der Süd-Gruppe. Eine Ausnahme bilden Co und Ni, die in der Nord-Gruppe deutlich höher liegen.Eine Beeinflussung des Spurenelementhaushaltes in den Gesteinen der Nord-Gruppe durch die Metamorphose (Tauernkristallisation) läßt sich nicht folgern. Die Co- und Ni-Gehalte müssen im Norden primär höher gewesen sein, denn die hier gegebenen Mittelwerte der Spurenelemente zeigen im Vergleich mit Werten aus Datensammlungen gute Übereinstimmung und deuten auf ein der Norm saurer Intrusiva entsprechendes geochemisches Milieu hin. Nur das Pb weicht mit erhöhten Werten von der Norm ab. Auch Grohmann (1965) gibt in Analysen vergleichbarer ostalpiner Gesteine erhöhte Pb-Gehalte an.Aus dem stofflich konservativen Verlauf der Tauernkristallisation wird ersichtlich, daß die Bildung der alpinen Lagerstätten dieses Raumes nicht auf die Metamorphose bezogen werden kann.

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Following the comparative studies of Karl (1959) regarding the petrography and the chemical composition both of metamorphic tonalites in the north of the Alpen main ridge and the neighbouring nonmetamorphic periadriatic plutonic rocks in the south, 113 samples were taken from both areas for geochemical investigations. They have been analysed for the following main components: SiO₂, Fe₂O₃ (total Fe), CaO, MgO, Na₂O, and K₂O as well as for the trace elements Zn, Co, Ni, V, Cr, Sr, Pb, and also Cu, Sn, and Be.The arithmetic means of the analytical data have been calculated separately for the different elements inside both groups. Within the standard deviations the two groups agree with each other, except for Co and Ni, which have distinctive higher values in the Northern group. The dominant conformity of both groups indicates that the trace element content of the Northern group was not changed by the Tauern metamorphism. The contents of Co and Ni must have been primarily higher in the north.Comparisons with corresponding data of trace element contents given in diverse geochemical tables agree well with the values of means given here. Only Pb deviates with higher values from the standard content of acid plutonic rocks. This is in accordance with the results of Grohmann (1965), who also found higher values of Pb in comparative plutonic rocks of the Eastern Alpen mountains.

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Unser Dank gilt der Bundesanstalt für Bodenforschung, Hannover, namentlich Herrn Prof. Dr. H. J. Martini und Herrn Prof. Dr. H. R. v. Gaertner, ferner der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bad Godesberg, für die Förderung unserer Arbeit.Herrn Dr. H. Fesser, Bundesanstalt für Bodenforschung, danken wir für die Durchführung spektrographischer Untersuchungen, Frau M. Elstner für Fleiß und Sorgfalt bei den chemischen Arbeiten.  相似文献   

Light within algal cultures; Implications from light intensities within a lens     

Heinrich Bührer 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2000,62(1):91-103

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Natural gas hydrates on the continental slope off Pakistan: constraints from seismic techniques   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Ingo Grevemeyer  reas Rosenberger  & Heinrich Villinger 《Geophysical Journal International》2000,140(2):295-310

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Seismic Hazard Assessment of the East Thuringian Region/Germany – Case Study     

Kracke  D.  Heinrich  R.  Jentzsch  G.  Kaiser  D. 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2000,44(4):537-548

East Thuringia/Germany, especially the region Gera-Ronneburg, is part of the large Kyffhäuser-Jachymov-Fault-Zone and displays moderate seismicity. However, its seismic hazard is significantly higher than that of the surrounding area including the Vogtland/Northern Bohemian region. The earthquake catalogue of Germany contains for this region besides the well-investigated Central German Earthquake (March 1872, I ₀ =VII-VIII) entries of up to I ₀ =VIII (14th century). Epicentral intensities and coordinates of these historical earthquakes are considered as uncertain. In seismic hazard analysis historical events which are uncertain are often neglected. But, especially in regions of moderate seismicity and infrequent larger earthquakes, the time window considered should be extended as far as possible. Apart from the necessity to study the historical sources of the strongest 14th century earthquakes, we investigate the influence of these events on the seismic hazard, taking into account the uncertainties of their size and location. Generally, the investigations clearly reveal the importance of defining source regions on the one hand and the significance of the local relevant attenuation function on the other hand. A further important point in seismic hazard assessment is the strong influence of the geological site conditions on seismic hazard (amplification or damping phenomena). For both points the well-known Central German Earthquake (1872) supplies important information.  相似文献   

Growth of multilayered polycrystalline reaction rims in the MgO–SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> system,part I: experiments     

E. Gardés  B. Wunder  R. Wirth  W. Heinrich 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2011,161(1):1-12

Growth of transport-controlled reaction layers between single crystals of periclase and quartz, and forsterite and quartz was investigated experimentally at 1.5 GPa, 1100°C to 1400°C, 5 min to 72 h under dry and melt-free conditions using a piston-cylinder apparatus. Starting assemblies consisting of Per | Qtz | Fo sandwiches produced polycrystalline double layers of forsterite and enstatite between periclase and quartz, and enstatite single layers between forsterite and quartz. The position of inert Pt-markers initially deposited at the interface of the reactants and inspection of mass balance confirmed that both layer-producing reactions are controlled by MgO diffusion, while SiO₂ is relatively immobile. BSE and TEM imaging revealed thicknesses from 0.6 μm to 14 μm for double layers and from 0 to 6.8 μm for single layers. Both single and double layers displayed non-parabolic growth together with pronounced grain coarsening. Textural evolution and growth rates for each reaction are directly comparable. Forsterite–enstatite double layers are always wider than enstatite single layers, and the growth of enstatite in the double layer is slower than that in the single layer. In double layers, the enstatite/forsterite layer thickness ratio significantly increases with temperature, reflecting different MgO mobilities as temperature varies. Thus, thickness ratios in multilayered reaction zones may contain a record of temperature, but also that of any physico-chemical parameter that modifies the mobilities of the chemical components between the various layers. This potential is largely unexplored in geologically relevant systems, which calls for further experimental studies of multilayered reaction zones.  相似文献