GIS在锦州地区气候资源分析中的应用   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

纪瑞鹏  陈鹏狮  班显秀 《气象科学》2003,23(4):472-477

利用气象台站观测的资料，建立气候要素空间分析模型，在Arcgis8．1地理信息系统软件支持下，将锦州地区气候资源推算至100m网格单元上。计算并分析了锦州地区主要气候资源及其空间分布规律，重点对90年代热量条件变化进行分析，制作出气候资源数字图像。  相似文献   

Petrological study of Nasu-Chausudake Volcano (ca. 16 ka to Present), northeastern Japan     

Masao Ban  Takahiro Yamamoto 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2002,64(2):100-116

Chausudake Volcano is representative of the active volcanoes in northeastern Japan, and has a record of many historical eruptions. Because its 16-ky eruptive history is well documented, Chausudake is well-suited for examining the temporal change of magma chamber processes and for assessing potential hazards. The activity of the Chausudake Volcano can be divided into six magmatic units (CH1-CH6). Most of its products have similar characteristics, but those from unit CH1 show wider variation. Most rocks are andesite and have plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and Fe-Ti oxides as phenocrysts, with or without olivine or quartz. Mafic inclusions, which are observed in most products, are basaltic andesites that have various combinations of the same phenocryst species. Petrographic features observed in host rocks and mafic inclusions, such as disequilibrium phenocrysts and resorbed textures, suggest magma mixing/co-mingling. Whole rock compositions of both host rocks and mafic inclusions show linear trends in variation diagrams, which suggest that the rocks are derived from the mixing/co-mingling between mafic and felsic end members. Bulk silica content of the mafic end-member magma is estimated to be ca. 52%, and contains Mg-rich olivine and An-rich plagioclase. The temperature of this end member is estimated to have been higher than 1,100 °C. Bulk silica content of the felsic end-member magma is estimated to be ~66%, and contains Mg-poor pyroxenes, An-poor plagioclase, and quartz phenocrysts, with a temperature of between 800 and 900 °C. Trace element compositions show that the end members have different origins, but have changed little over the entire 16-ky of activity. The mafic end-member magmas might come from a lower-crustal homogeneous, large magma chamber, whereas the felsic end-member magmas may be partial melts of crustal materials produced by the heat of the mafic end member. Felsic end-member magma may have accumulated in the middle crust before CH1 activity. The mixing ratio of the felsic to mafic end members was 0.5:0.5 to 0.4:0.6 for the CH1 unit, and ca. 0.4:0.6 for the other units. Considering that ca. 75% of the total volume of the eruptive products form the first unit, its wider compositional variation is attributed to more heterogeneous mixing ratios.  相似文献   

基于多源数据的广佛都市区城市引力结构特征分析     

占玮  陈朝隆  孙武  班鹏飞 《热带地理》2021,41(6):1292-1302

利用夜间灯光遥感数据和POI数据,采用断裂点分析法得出城市实体地域的范围大小。在此基础上引入交通便利系数和相对引力常量修正引力模型,分析广佛都市区内部各个城市实体地域间的引力强度和方向。结果表明：1）广佛都市区形成了以核心区为中心的“7+1”城镇体系结构;2）“七边形”正向城市体系结构围绕核心区域生成,“六边形”负向城市体系结构围绕西南区域生成,“西强东弱”格局明显;3）城市三角结构是广佛城市引力结构的基本单元,发展较好的城市组团为“核心区—顺德—南沙”“核心区—顺德—高明”“核心区—三水—花都”“核心区—花都—从化”,而“核心区—增城—南沙”和“核心区—高明—三水”组团则发展动能不足;4）广佛都市区引力势能大小及结构稳定与城市经济职能强度正相关。  相似文献   

Water flow velocity over frozen and nonfrozen black soil slopes          下载免费PDF全文

Chao Chen  Yunyun Ban  Tingwu Lei  Ren Feng  Yuan Gao 《水文研究》2018,32(14):2231-2238

Ice‐ and snow‐melted water flow over partially thawed frozen soil of cultivated slopes causes serious soil erosion, which results in soil degradation and affects productivity in Northeast China. Water flow velocity over frozen and nonfrozen soil shows importance in understanding meltwater erosion. In this work, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted to measure water flow velocity over frozen and nonfrozen soil slopes. Experiments were performed using the electrolyte trace method under the pulse boundary model, under conditions of 4 slope gradients (5°, 10°, 15°, and 20°), 3 flow rates (1, 2, and 4 L/min), and 7 sensors positioned at 0.1, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0 m away from the electrolyte injection point. Results showed that velocities over frozen soil slopes increased with flow rate and slope gradient. Flow velocities over nonfrozen soil slopes increased with flow rate and slope gradients from 5° to 15° and stabilized at 15°. Flow velocities over frozen soil slopes were 30%, 54%, 71%, and 91% higher than those over nonfrozen ones at slope gradients of 5°, 10°, 15°, and 20°. Flow velocities over frozen soil slopes under different flow rates of 1, 2, and 4 L/min were approximately 52%, 59%, and 79% higher than those over nonfrozen soil, respectively. This study can help in assessing the erosion of partially thawed frozen soil by meltwater flow.  相似文献   

Crowd sensing and spatiotemporal analysis in urban open space using multi-viewpoint geotagged videos     

Feng Liu  Zhigang Han  Hongquan Song  Jiayao Wang  Chun Liu  Gaohan Ban 《Transactions in GIS》2023,27(2):494-515

Increasing concern for urban public safety has motivated the deployment of a large number of surveillance cameras in open spaces such as city squares, stations, and shopping malls. The efficient detection of crowd dynamics in urban open spaces using multi-viewpoint surveillance videos continues to be a fundamental problem in the field of urban security. The use of existing methods for extracting features from video images has resulted in significant progress in single-camera image space. However, surveillance videos are geotagged videos with location information, and few studies have fully exploited the spatial semantics of these videos. In this study, multi-viewpoint videos in geographic space are used to fuse object trajectories for crowd sensing and spatiotemporal analysis. The YOLOv3-DeepSORT model is used to detect a pedestrian and extract the corresponding image coordinates, combine spatial semantics (such as the positions of the pedestrian in the field of view of the camera) to build a projection transformation matrix and map the object recorded by a single camera to geographic space. Trajectories from multi-viewpoint videos are fused based on the features of location, time, and directions to generate a complete pedestrian trajectory. Then, crowd spatial pattern analysis, density estimation, and motion trend analysis are performed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can be used to identify crowd dynamics and analyze the corresponding spatiotemporal pattern in an urban open space from a global perspective, providing a means of intelligent spatiotemporal analysis of geotagged videos.  相似文献   

Effects of temperature and salinity on the development of embryos and larvae of the veined rapa whelk Rapana venosa （Valenciennes, 1846）   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

班绍君  张涛  潘恒倩  潘洋  王平川  薛东秀 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(4):773-782

The major population of the veined rapa whelk Rapana venosa(Valenciennes, 1846), which is an important fishery resource, is facing a large decline in China. We studied the effects of incubation temperature(16–34℃ at salinity 30) and salinity(5–45 at 25℃) on the incubation period and subsequent larval development. In the temperature experiment, the shortest incubation period was 12 days at 34℃, the lower temperature limit was 16℃, the longest mean shell length(1 193±17 μm) occurred at 25℃ and the highest survival rate 72.28%±5.62% was observed at 28℃. In the salinity experiment, the shortest incubation period was 15 days at 25. The salinity tolerance range was 15–40, the longest mean shell length(855±9 μm) and the highest survival rate 72.93%±4.85% were both observed at 35. This study demonstrated that, during the egg–mass stage, temperature and salinity regimes infl uence later growth and survival of larvae. These observations deepen our understanding of the ecology and conservation of natural populations of Rapana venosa.  相似文献   

超声波萃取-高效液相色谱法测定土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

曹攽  李云木子  马军  刘清辉 《岩矿测试》2011,30(2):178-181

邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)是环境激素类物质中的一类化合物。文章对土壤中6种被美国EPA列入"优先监测污染物名单"的PAEs类物质邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、二乙酯(DEP)、二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)、二辛酯(DOP)、丁基苄基酯(BBP)邻苯二甲酸酯经超声波萃取、柱层析净化后,采用高效液相色谱法测定。对影响加标回收率的实验条件如萃取溶剂比例、萃取时间和萃取溶剂的选择等进行优化。方法回收率为94.1%～108.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)为0.70%～2.42%,方法检出限为0.003～0.009μg/g。建立的方法样品前处理简单、快速,溶剂用量少,液相色谱法分析6种PAEs类物质仅用10 min,适用于大批量土壤样品中PAEs类物质的测定。  相似文献   

废旧电容器封存点土壤中多氯联苯的残留特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

郑群雄  徐小强  马军  曹攽  刘清辉  郑存江 《岩矿测试》2011,30(6):699-704

利用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)研究了长江三角洲某废旧电容器封存点土壤中多氯联苯(PCBs)的残留特征。利用GC-MS的选择离子监测模式(SIM)对包括7种指示性PCBs和12种类二噁英PCBs共19种PCBs进行分析。统计结果显示,该封存点土壤中19种PCBs含量为2.01～5201.20 ng/g,平均含量为229.38ng/g,明显高于国内一般土壤,但低于国内某些封存点土壤。土壤中19种PCBs同系物以低氯代(3～5氯)为主,三者占同系物总量的85.43%,尤以三氯代-PCB 28、四氯代-PCB 52和五氯代-PCB 118残留量最高。通过对比分析得出,封存点土壤PCBs以Aroclor 1242、Aroclor 1248为主,并含少量的Aroclor 1254。封存点土壤中PCBs残留量虽未超过控制值,但已呈现污染迹象,应及时采取控制措施,阻止污染趋势进一步扩大。  相似文献   

土钉墙模型试验研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

汪班桥  门玉明  陈文玲 《地球科学与环境学报》2002,24(3):15-17

通过土钉墙模型试验 ,研究了土钉在黄土中的变形情况、土钉加固黄土类深基坑的作用机理及土钉的应力分布规律 ,最后对试验的不足进行了分析。  相似文献   

贵州革东地区带状热储赋存规律研究     

班文韬 《地质与勘探》2018,54(2):366-375

通过对贵州革东变质岩地区地热水的水化学、氢氧同位素及地热井的地温场垂向变化的分析,结果表明:(1)区域地热井热储呈带状(Ⅱ-2型);(2)区域大地热流量供热,补给来源为大气降水,补给高程下限1100m,地热水循环深度下限2400m,围岩与上层地下水影响其化学组分;(3)挽近期革东活动断层具有导热导水性,经循环的地热水沿断层上盘构造裂隙向上运移在此断层破碎带富集,位于断层上盘3km范围内的地热钻孔揭穿该断裂带深度约1200m,均有流量约994m3/d、井口水温40℃的地热水。研究结果可为黔东南地区带状热储的开发与利用提供参考。  相似文献