Collaborative geomatics and the Mushkegowuk Cree First Nations: Fostering adaptive capacity for community-based sub-arctic natural resource management     

Daniel D.P. McCarthy  Graham S. Whitelaw  Scott Anderson  Donald Cowan  Fred McGarry  Anthony Robins  Holly L. Gardner  Christine D. Barbeau  Nadia A. Charania  Zachariah General  Jeff Liedtke  Celine Sutherland  Paulo Alencar  Leonard J.S. Tsuji 《Geoforum》2012,43(2):305-314

The remote First Nation (FN) communities of the Mushkegowuk Territory on the west coast of James Bay, Ontario, Canada are currently facing increased development pressures and the imposition of a government land use planning process. The land use planning process is mandated in the Far North Act (received Royal Assent on September 23, 2010). There is a need for capacity enhancement for community-based natural resource planning and management in the Territory. A number of frameworks are emerging for addressing change brought on by resource development and building resilience to such change at the community level. Among these include the concept of adaptive capacity. In collaboration with FN community leaders, we explored the use of “collaborative geomatics” tools to foster adaptive capacity. Our action research suggests that collaborative geomatics technologies should enhance the Mushkegowuk First Nations’ adaptive capacity to address environmental and policy change by allowing them to collect and manage data collaboratively (e.g., traditional environmental knowledge, western science) to create opportunities for innovative community development, including natural resource development and management.  相似文献   

Paired uraninite and molybdenite dating of the K?nigshain granite: implications for the onset of late-Variscan magmatism in the Lausitz Block     

Hans-Jürgen F?rster  Dieter Rhede  Holly J. Stein  Rolf L. Romer  Gerhard Tischendorf 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2012,101(1):57-67

We present geochronological data for late-Variscan magmatism in the Lausitz Block of the Saxo-Thuringian Zone, Germany. The Th–U–total Pb age of uraninite and the Re–Os age of molybdenite from the composite biotite–monzogranite pluton of K?nigshain overlap at the 2σ confidence limit: 328.6 ± 1.9 Ma (uraninite), and 327.0 ± 1.3 Ma and 327.6 ± 1.3 Ma (molybdenite), indicating that crystallization of magmatic uraninite and deposition of molybdenite were nearly contemporaneous. These data imply that magmatic processes in this part of the Variscan orogen already started in latest Visean time, about 10 Ma earlier than previously assumed (315–320 Ma). The new ages correspond to ages for plutonic rocks in the Elbe Zone immediately west of the Lausitz (around 335–325 Ma) and the bulk of late-Variscan igneous rocks in the Saxo-Thuringian Zone (335–320 Ma).  相似文献   

Reconstructed cool- and warm-season precipitation over the tribal lands of northeastern Arizona     

Holly L. Faulstich  Connie A. Woodhouse  Daniel Griffin 《Climatic change》2013,118(2):457-468

For over a decade, the Hopi Tribe and Navajo Nation of northeastern Arizona have suffered the effects of persistent drought conditions. Severe dry spells have critically impacted natural ecosystems, water resources, and regional livelihoods including dryland farming and ranching. Drought planning and resource management efforts in the region are based largely on the instrumental climate record, which contains a limited number of severe, sustained droughts. In this study, a new network of moisture-sensitive tree-ring chronologies provides the basis for evaluating the longer-term temporal variability of precipitation in the Four Corners region. By analyzing the earlywood and latewood components within each annual tree ring, we are able to generate separate, centuries-long reconstructions of both cool- (October-April) and warm-season (July-August) precipitation. These proxy records offer new insights into seasonal drought characteristics and indicate that the instrumental record fails to adequately represent precipitation variability over the past 400 years. Through the use of two different analysis techniques, we identify multiyear and decadal-scale drought events more severe than any in the modern era. Furthermore, the reconstructions suggest that many of the historically significant droughts of the past (e.g., 17th century Puebloan drought) were not merely winter phenomena, but persisted through the summer season as well. By comparing these proxy records with historical documents, we are able to independently validate the reconstructions and better understand the socioeconomic and environmental significance of past climate anomalies on the tribal lands of northeastern Arizona.  相似文献   

Potential impacts of climate change on warmwater megafauna: the Florida manatee example (Trichechus manatus latirostris)     

Holly H. Edwards 《Climatic change》2013,121(4):727-738

Most discussions of impacts of Climate Change have focused on species from temperate or polar regions. Impacts to species inhabiting warm climates are often believed to be small relative to those of species living in cooler climates. However, it is evident that some tropical/sub-tropical species, including some marine megafauna may face potentially serious consequences from a changing climate. For example, larger, warmer oceans may appear to benefit marine wildlife species like cold-sensitive Florida manatees; however, findings regarding the impact of global climate change (GCC) on estuaries and nearshore areas of Florida indicate that predicted impacts of climate change may be detrimental to endangered manatees. An examination of how projected impacts of climate change will affect threats to manatees and their habitat indicates that threats may be exacerbated. The most significant threats to the Florida manatee population, such as cold-stress, watercraft collisions, and harmful algal blooms likely will increase. Habitat is likely to be degraded under future climate scenarios. Alterations to Florida’s marine environment are ongoing, yet current manatee management plans do not consider the impacts of climate change. The ability of manatees to adapt to change will be influenced by the speed of change and the degree to which human activity impedes or alters it. To minimize impacts to species we must recognize the influence GCC may have on populations, and begin to identify and implement ways to slow or reverse negative impacts arising from it.  相似文献   

Development of the ElarmS methodology for earthquake early warning: Realtime application in California and offline testing in Japan     

Holly M. Brown  Richard M. AllenMargaret Hellweg  Oleg KhainovskiDouglas Neuhauser  Adeline Souf 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2011

In July 2009, the California Integrated Seismic Network concluded a three-year study of earthquake early warning systems in California. Three algorithms were expanded and examined during the study. Here we discuss the history, methodology, and performance of one of the algorithms, ElarmS. Earthquake Alarm Systems, or ElarmS, uses peak displacement and maximum predominant frequency of the P-wave to detect earthquakes and quantify their hazard in the seconds after rupture begins. ElarmS was developed for Northern and Southern California, and now processes waveforms in realtime from 603 seismic sensors across the state. We outline the methodology as currently implemented, present several example events from different regions of California, and summarize the performance in terms of false and missed alarms. ElarmS was also tested offline with a dataset of 84 large magnitude earthquakes from Japan. The results from the Japan dataset were used to create a statistical error model for the algorithm. The model can be used to provide realtime uncertainty estimates at any stage in processing. In August 2009 the CISN embarked on a second three-year study of earthquake early warning. As part of this ongoing research, we identify the technological and methodological challenges facing ElarmS. Telemetry latencies and false alarm rates are two key opportunities for improvement.  相似文献   

Small-business demise and recovery after Katrina: rate of survival and demise     

Holly L. Schrank  Maria I. Marshall  Adrienne Hall-Phillips  Renee F. Wiatt  Nicole E. Jones 《Natural Hazards》2013,65(3):2353-2374

Post-disaster research is often plagued by displacement of subjects, loss of infrastructure, and the disruption of communication. Economic losses and business disruptions caused by a disaster tend to affect small businesses on a greater scale. With the majority of small businesses being operated out of a home, the inability to recover affects both economic and overall well-being of the business and the family. Specifically for small businesses, post-disaster research is important because it leads to increased preparedness and survival strategies for the sector and reduced economic vulnerabilities in owner-controlled areas. Historically, most of what is known about preparation, response, and recovery of small businesses from natural disasters is based on businesses that have recovered. However, there exists a need for understanding recovery also from the perspective of those that tried, but failed to recover. Grounded in a pragmatic approach, this study presents a methodology for tracking demised small businesses after Hurricane Katrina. Supported by empirical evidence, solutions to the problems of timing, generalizability, and access are presented, providing a systematic methodology for successfully studying small businesses after a disaster event. Rate of survival and demise data are presented, providing more useful numbers than prior estimates. Locating demised and recovered small businesses efficiently is the first step in understanding how business owners prepare, react, adjust, and strive to recover from disaster-driven events. A solution to this challenging issue of access makes the study of demised small businesses possible.  相似文献   

Application of Re-Os Geochemistry to Sedimentary Basin: Stratigraphic Correlation, Oil - Source Correlation and Paleo-Environment Condition     

XU Guangping  Judith L. Hannah  Holly J. Stein  Svetoslav Georgiev 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(Z1):602-604

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Multispectral Landsat images of Antarctica (U.S. geological survey bulletin 1696)     

Baerbel K. Lucchitta  Jo‐ann Bowell  Kathleen L. Edwards  Eric M. Eliason  Holly M. Ferguson 《国际地球制图》2013,28(3)

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Ethnic Restructuring in Rural America: Migration and the Changing Faces of Rural Communities in the Great Plains     

Holly R. Barcus  Laura Simmons 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(1):130-152

Scholars have long documented widespread aging and depopulation of rural communities in the Great Plains. Paralleling these trends is the emergence, growth, and spatial dispersion of new and longtime non-white populations across the region. The dual processes of population loss in many counties combined with the growth of new, non-white population groups suggest that the ethnic structure of the population is changing. In this article we utilize choropleth maps, Hoover and Simpson indexes, and cluster analysis to assess whether the emergence and growth of ethnic minority groups in the Great Plains between 1970 and 2008 is a localized phenomenon or region-wide shift in the ethnic composition of the population. Results suggest that as depopulation is occurring in many counties of this region, the growth of non-white populations, both immigrant and native born, is changing or restructuring the ethnic composition of the Great Plains.  相似文献   

Restoring stream ecosystem function with beaver dam analogues: Let's not make the same mistake twice     

Laura Lautz  Christa Kelleher  Phillipe Vidon  John Coffman  Corinna Riginos  Holly Copeland 《水文研究》2019,33(1):174-177

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