2008年初湖北省低温雨雪冰冻天气温度平流配置分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

龙利民  黄治勇  苏磊  王珊珊  邓红  韩琦 《南京气象学院学报》2010,33(6):745-750

利用NCEP／NCAR再分析资料,对2008年1月11日-2月1日湖北省低温雨雪冰冻过程进行温度平流空间分布诊断分析。结果表明：低温雨雪冰冻期间,湖北省近地层不断有弱冷空气补充和渗透;中层暖平流、低层冷垫和南方沿冷垫向上爬升的暖空气是湖北省降雪最基本的条件,而湖北省东部出现强降雪的另一个更重要的原因就是低层偏东回流带来的暖平流;当冷空气充斥湖北省上空整层大气时,则预示雨雪将减弱停止。  相似文献   

基于SCIATRAN模型的二氧化氮DOAS 反演敏感性试验   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

齐瑾  张鹏  张文建  董超华  邱红  李晓静 《气象学报》2008,66(3):396-404

气溶胶和地表反照率是影响星载SCIAMACHY仪器观测数据定量遥感NO2大气柱总量的2个主要因子.文中利用高光谱分辨率大气辐射传输模型SCIATRAN,在考虑分子吸收和气溶胶多次散射影响基础上,精确模拟了气溶胶、地表反照率和NO2气体浓度变化对差分处理前后卫星反射光谱的影响,并定义影响因子f,对3个模拟参数进行综合评价.结果表明:(1)通过剔除卫星反射光谱中慢变光谱变化成分,DOAS方法明显降低了气溶胶和地表反照率对卫星反射光谱的影响;(2)差分处理前,3个模拟参数的影响强弱依次为地表反照率、气溶胶和NO2浓度;而差分处理后,3个模拟参数的影响强弱依次为NO2浓度、地表反照率和气溶胶.在影响趋势上,气溶胶和地表反照率很相似,均体现为宽带效应,在440-450 nm内有水汽强吸收和多次散射复杂相互作用导致的较大峰值;NO2浓度变化对差分处理前后的光谱都呈现气体吸收结构的影响特性;(3)由于吸收和散射相互作用等因素的影响,在基于卫星观测的差分光谱中仍然残留有气溶胶和地表反照率的误差,地表反照率约占18.6%,气溶胶约占6.2%.因此,当前SCIAMACHY遥感的NO2产品在中国区域浓度偏高,需要对气溶胶和地表反照率进行二次精细化的订正.  相似文献   

我国气象卫星及应用发展与展望   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

宏观  张文建 《气象》2008,34(9):3-9

截止到2008年6月底,我国已成功发射了4颗风云一号极轨气象卫星、1颗风云三号极轨气象卫星和4颗风云二号静止气象卫星.目前,风云一号D星、风云二号C和D星在轨业务运行,风云三号A星正在在轨测试中.我国的气象卫星已初步实现了业务化、系列化,率先实现了国防科工委提出的我国遥感卫星从试验应用型向业务服务型转变的目标.同时,我国也已成为世界上同时拥有极轨和静止两个系列气象卫星的3个国家或国家集团之一.世界气象组织已将风云一号系列、风云二号系列和风云三号系列卫星纳入全球业务应用气象卫星序列,使我国风云卫星成为全球综合地球观测系统的重要成员.我国气象卫星在我国国民经济建设和防灾减灾中发挥了重要作用,也为区域,乃至全球许多国家的经济发展做出了重要贡献.回顾了我国气象卫星及地面应用系统的发展历程,简要总结了我国气象卫星应用所取得的重要成绩,同时对未来我国气象卫星的发展趋势和发展目标等进行了展望.  相似文献   

重庆10 kV高压输电线路雷击火灾事故分析   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

李家启  申双和  陈宏  廖瑞金  任艳  林涛 《气象科技》2010,38(6):821-824

针对2007年7月12日重庆华浩冶炼有限公司粉末厂火灾事故,用力学性能分析和剩余磁场测试相结合的方法对该厂火灾发生处的10 kV高压输电线路进行鉴定,并结合雷电天气分析,得出该火灾事故是由雷击10 kV高压输电线路造成。该方法为在没有安装录波器和闪电计数器的情况下,判断输电线路故障是否由于雷击引起提供参考。  相似文献   

地市级电视天气预报节目演播稿的撰写技巧     

何草青  郭洪权 《气象研究与应用》2010,32(2):100-102

从撰写节目演播稿的内容出发,将天气预报节目的"科学性"和"服务性"结合起来,向大众宣传气象科技,提高气象的社会地位。  相似文献   

1961—2008年台湾地区降水的变化          下载免费PDF全文

秦丽  张立凤  黄泓  骆凯 《气候变化研究进展》2010,6(3):198-203

利用EOF、REOF、M-K突变检验等方法,分析了台湾地区1961—2008年降水量的变化情况,结果表明:台湾本岛年降水量丰沛,澎湖列岛的年降水较少。台湾岛年降水的空间分布既有一致性,也存在东-西部、南-北部的差异。台湾岛的年降水可分为3个气候区,即北部、中西部和东南部。除台湾岛东南部外,整个台湾地区的年降水量均有增加趋势和突变现象。  相似文献   

气温日较差研究进展:变化趋势及其影响因素   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

汪凯  叶红  唐立娜  陈峰  熊永柱  李祥余 《气候变化研究进展》2010,6(6):417-423

从日较差的变化趋势、影响因素以及人类活动对气候变化影响的指示3个方面对日较差的研究进行了总结和概括。观测数据以及气候模式模拟的结果表明,全球气温日较差在近半个多世纪以来呈下降趋势,而这种下降趋势不仅仅是自然变化的结果,还受到人类活动的影响。辐射、云量、气溶胶、下垫面的变化、水汽、降水以及航迹云等因素都能对日较差的变化造成影响。日较差的"周末效应"以及城市化过程中日较差的变化相对于平均气温的变化,能够更有效地指示人类活动对气候变化的影响。  相似文献   

Test of a convectively forced gravity wave drag parameterization in a general circulation model     

Jong-Hun Jeon  Song-You Hong  Hye-Yeong Chun  In-Sun Song 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2010,46(1):1-10

The influence of gravity wave drag induced by cumulus convection (GWDC) on a simulated boreal summer climate was evaluated in a general circulation model. For this, the GWDC scheme developed by Chun and Baik was implemented into a version of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) global spectral model (GSM). Ensemble simulations with the two different convection schemes, the simplified Arakawa-Schubert (SAS) scheme and Community Climate Model (CCM) convection scheme, were conducted for the boreal summer of 1996. A cloud factor to modulate the stress intensity with respect to the cloud type was introduced in this study, in order to prevent unrealistic behaviors of the GWDC scheme in GSM. The effect of gravity wave drag on the zonal mean of wind and temperature fields was focused. On the whole, the effect of GWDC in this study is positive on the simulated seasonal climate. It is evident that biases in temperature in the polar region as well as in the zonal and meridional winds in the upper atmosphere are reduced. The percentage of reduction of the bias in zonal winds is about 10–20%. Such a response of the GWDC forcing widely appears not only in tropical regions but also in mid-latitude regions. These characteristics are prominent in the case of the SAS scheme, which is due to the various convective cloud types. The magnitude of GWDC forcing is generally small, but still positive, in the case of the CCM scheme, which is due to rather homogeneous cloud types. It is also found that the role of a particular GWDC forcing depends upon the inherent systematic biases of a particular model. It is concluded that incorporation of the GWDC parameterization in GCMs should be taken into account to improve the seasonal prediction.  相似文献   

Future climate change scenarios over Korea using a multi-nested downscaling system: A pilot study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Song-You Hong  Nan-Kyoung Moon  Kyo-Sun Sunny Lim  Jong-Won Kim 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2010,46(4):425-435

This study examines a scenario of future summer climate change for the Korean peninsula using a multi-nested regional climate system. The global-scale scenario from the ECHAM5, which has a 200 km grid, was downscaled to a 50 km grid over Asia using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Regional Spectral Model (RSM). This allowed us to obtain large-scale forcing information for a one-way, double-nested Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model that consists of a 12 km grid over Korea and a 3 km grid near Seoul. As a pilot study prior to the multi-year simulation work the years 1995 and 2055 were selected for the present and future summers. This RSM-WRF multi-nested downscaling system was evaluated by examining a downscaled climatology in 1995 with the largescale forcing from the NCEP/Department of Energy (DOE) reanalysis. The changes in monsoonal flows over East Asia and the associated precipitation change scenario over Korea are highlighted. It is found that the RSM-WRF system is capable of reproducing large-scale features associated with the East-Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and its associated hydro-climate when it is nested by the NCEP/DOE reanalysis. The ECHAM5-based downscaled climate for the present (1995) summer is found to suffer from a weakening of the low-level jet and sub-tropical high when compared the reanalysis-based climate. Predicted changes in summer monsoon circulations between 1995 and 2055 include a strengthened subtropical high and an intensified mid-level trough. The resulting projected summer precipitation is doubled over much of South Korea, accompanied by a pronounced surface warming with a maximum of about 2 K. It is suggested that downscaling strategy of this study, with its cloud-resolving scale, makes it suitable for providing high-resolution meteorological data with which to derive hydrology or air pollution models.  相似文献   

夏季黔东南州局地暴雨与西太副高环流的关系   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

池再香  白慧  黄红  龚雪芹  牛俊玫 《高原气象》2008,27(1):176-183

通过对黔东南州1996-2005年夏季发生局地暴雨的主要影响系统、各种物理量场的特征、地形等的综合分析,得出9次局地暴雨都与西太平洋副热带高压位置变化密切相关,西太平洋副热带高压外围的SW气流均增强为急流,并输送大量水汽和不稳定能量,而且特别有利的地形的强化作用,造成黔东南暴雨的落区不同.根据暴雨的不同落区,将其归纳为四种类型,即西部型暴雨、南部型暴雨、中部型暴雨、东部型暴雨.但中、南部型暴雨还有中低层低涡切变线配合产生.  相似文献