Groundwater geochemistry of the Chihuahua City region in the Rio Conchos Basin (northern Mexico) and implications for water resources management     

Jürgen Mahlknecht  Axel Horst  Gabriela Hernández-Limón  Ramon Aravena 《水文研究》2008,22(24):4736-4751

The Chihuahua City region, located in the semiarid-arid northern highlands of Mexico, has experienced intensive groundwater abstraction during the last 40 years to meet water demands in the region. A geochemical survey was carried out to investigate the evolution from baseline to modern conditions of a 130-km flow path including the El Sauz–Chihuahua–Aldama–San Diego de Alcalá regions. The research approach included the use of major chemical elements, chlorofluorocarbons and environmental isotope (¹⁸O, ²H, ¹³C and ¹⁴C) tracers. Stable isotopes indicate that groundwater evolves from the evaporation of local rainfall and surface water. Groundwater located at the lower end of the flow section is up to 6000 years old and older groundwater in the order of 9000 years BP was found in a deep well located in the upper part of the flow system, implying contribution from a neighbour basin. The background groundwater chemistry upstream of Chihuahua City results from feldspar weathering. Beyond Chihuahua City the chemical conditions are strongly modified owing to disposal of sewage from public and industrial water supplies into the Rio Chuviscar, subsequent allocation of this water to agricultural irrigation areas and direct infiltration under the river bed. As a consequence, anions like chloride and sulphate are mainly related to surface sources. Nitrate is controlled in part by sewage from public supply and industry and in part by agricultural practices. Arsenic and fluoride are related to weathering of rock formations of local mineralized ranges and subsequent enrichment of the basin-fill by magmatic processes. The results of this study have implications for groundwater management in an arid region that depends entirely on groundwater for domestic, industrial and agricultural water consumption. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Where Is the PFAS? Innovations in PFAS Detection and Characterization     

John Horst  Craig Divine  Joe Quinnan  Johnsie Lang  Erika Carter  Theresa Guillette  Vivek Pulikkal 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2022,42(1):13-23

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Zur Genese saurer Einschaltungen im Verbande des Ötztaler Altkristallins     

Horst Knatz 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1963,8(4):523-578

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Die Unterschiede in den Sedimentationsvorgängen zwischen dem Autunien und Saxonien von Mittel- und Westeuropa     

Prof. Dr. Horst Falke 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1974,63(3):819-849

After a comment on the stratigraphical classification and the subdivision of Permian strata, a review on their occurrences in Central and Western Europe including the Alps is given. Within this area, the strata can be summarized to a northern, a central, and a “Verrucano” province. The Autunian (Lower Rotliegend) has been typically developed in the central province where it is best preserved. It is characterized by many different sedimentation processes the most important of which are described. They lead to the conclusion that the sediment deposition mainly took place in fresh water lakes and through fluviatile transport. On the other hand, the deposition of the Saxonian (Upper Rotliegend) took place in a much drier climate. Finally, the differences between the two types of climate are described.  相似文献   

Method for the analysis of lipophilic compounds in water and results about the distribution of different organochlorine compounds in the North Sea     

Dr. Horst Gaul  Udo Ziebarth 《Ocean Dynamics》1983,36(5):191-212

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Preface: Workshop on matter,astrophysics, gravitation,ions and cosmology—MAGIC23     

César A. Zen Vasconcellos  Dimiter Hadjimichef  Magno Machado  Benno Bodmann  Marcelo Netz-Marzola  Geovane Naysinger  Mariana Vargas Magaña  Peter O. Hess  Horst Stöcker  Steven Gullberg  Remo Ruffini 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2024,345(2-3):e240029

We outline our experience in organizing the first edition of the Workshop on Matter, Astrophysics, Gravitation, Ions and Cosmology, held in virtual and in-person format, denominated MAGIC23, held from 6 to 10 March, 2023, in Praia do Rosa, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The event aimed to bring together leading academic scientists, professors, students, and research scholars for exchanging experiences and discuss the most recent innovations, trends, practical challenges, and experimental and theoretical solutions adopted in the investigation fields within the scope of the meeting. The workshop offered to the participants a platform for scientific and academic projects, partnerships, and presentation of high-quality research contributions describing original and unpublished results on topics related to matter, astrophysics, gravitation, ions, and cosmology.  相似文献   

Are the missing X-ray breaks in gamma-ray burst afterglow light curves merely hidden?     

P. A. Curran  A. J. van der Horst  R. A. M. J. Wijers 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,386(2):859-863

Gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow observations in the Swift era have a perceived lack of achromatic jet breaks compared to the BeppoSAX or pre- Swift era. Specifically, relatively few breaks, consistent with jet breaks, are observed in the X-ray light curves of these bursts. If these breaks are truly missing, it has serious consequences on the interpretation of GRB jet collimation and energy requirements, and the use of GRBs as cosmological tools. Here, we address the issue of X-ray breaks that are possibly 'hidden' and hence the light curves are misinterpreted as being single power laws. We do so by synthesizing X-ray telescope (XRT) light curves and fitting both single and broken power laws, and comparing the relative goodness of each fit via Monte Carlo analysis. Even with the well-sampled light curves of the Swift era, these breaks may be left misidentified, hence caution is required when making definite statements on the absence of achromatic breaks.  相似文献   

The Problem of the Height Dependence of Magnetic Fields in Sunspots     

Horst Balthasar 《Solar physics》2018,293(8):120

To understand the physics of sunspots, it is important to know the properties of their magnetic field, and especially its height stratification plays a substantial role. There are mainly two methods to assess this stratification, but they yield different magnetic gradients in the photospheric layers. Determinations based on the several spectral lines of different formation heights and the slope of their profiles result in gradients of ?2 to ?3 G?km^?1, or even steeper. This is similar for the total magnetic field strength and for the vertical component of the magnetic field. The other option is to determine the horizontal partial derivatives of the magnetic field, and with the condition \(\operatorname{div} {{\boldsymbol {B}}} = 0\) also the vertical derivative is known. With this method, gradients of ?0.5 G?km^?1 and even shallower are obtained. Obviously, these results do not agree. If chromospheric spectral lines are included, only shallow gradients around ?0.5 G?km^?1 are obtained. Shallow gradients are also found from gyro-resonance measurements in the radio wave range 300?–?2000 GHz.Some indirect methods are also considered, but they cannot clarify the total picture. An analysis of a numerical simulation of a sunspot indicates a shallow gradient over a wide height range, but with slightly steeper gradients in deep layers.Several ideas to explain the discrepancy are also discussed. With no doubts cast on Maxwell’s equations, the first one is to look at the uncertainties of the formation heights of spectral lines, but a wider range of these heights would require an extension of the solar photosphere that is incompatible with observations and the theory of stellar atmospheres. Submerging and rising magnetic flux might play a role in the outer penumbra, if the resolution is too low to separate them, but it is not likely that this effect acts also in the umbra. A quick investigation assuming a spatial small scale structure of sunspots together with twist and writhe of individual flux tubes shows a reduction of the measured magnetic field strength for spectral lines sensitive to a larger height range. However, sophisticated investigations are required to prove that the explanation for the discrepancy lies here, and the problem of the height gradient of the magnetic field in sunspots is still not solved.  相似文献   

Die Phasenkontrastmikroskopie als Hilfsmittel zur Bestimmung feinkörniger,speziell dünner,transparenter Minerale.     

Dr. Horst Piller 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1952,3(4):307-334

Zusammenfassung Es wird mit Hilfe von Zeigerdiagrammen eine anschauliche Darstellung vom Zustandekommen der Phasenkontrasterscheinungen gegeben. An Hand theoretischer Überlegungen und experimenteller Versuche wird die besondere Eignung der Phasenkontrastmikroskopie für die Bestimmung der Brechzahl transparenter dünner Teilchen nach der Immersionsmethode nachgewiesen. Daraus ergeben sich Vorteile für die mikroskopische Beurteilung der Minerale in Tonfraktionen. Das wird an zwei praktischen Beispielen gezeigt. Der Vergleich der Ergebnisse der mit dem Phasenkontrastverfahren durchgeführten Tonuntersuchungen mit den auf röntgenographischem Wege erzielten läßt eine gute Übereinstimmung erkennen.  相似文献   

Fluorescent Dyes: A New Weapon for Conquering DNAPL Characterization          下载免费PDF全文

John Horst  Nicklaus Welty  Robert Stuetzle  Rick Wenzel  Randy St. Germain 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2018,38(1):19-25

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