Regional divisions     

Robert Sinclair Secretary‐Treasurer  David Simonett Chairman  George M. Howe Secretary  Robert B. McNee Secretary 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(1):29-31

A geographic perspective is utilized to test the hypothesis that the legal labels homicide and assault represent essentially similar behaviors. The data base describes some 1200 homicide and 32 000 serious assault victimizations in Dallas, TX, for 1981–85. Detailed comparisons across urban neighborhoods (differentiated by socioeconomic status) examine the demographic, temporal, locational, and weapons characteristics of both types of serious violence. The analysis indicates strong congruence between the offenses with respect to most attributes, implying that violence data should be classified differently for behavioral analyses.  相似文献   

Large-Scale Zonal Flows Near the Solar Surface     

R. Howe  R. Komm  F. Hill  R. Ulrich  D. A. Haber  B. W. Hindman  J. Schou  M. J. Thompson 《Solar physics》2006,235(1-2):1-15

Migrating bands of weak, zonal flow, associated with the activity bands in the solar cycle, have been observed at the solar surface for some time. More recently, these flows have been probed deep within the convection zone using global helioseismology and examined in more detail close to the surface with the techniques of local helioseismology. We compare the near-surface results from global and local helioseismology using data from the Michelson Doppler Imager and the Global Oscillation Network Group with surface Doppler velocity measurements from the Mount Wilson 150-foot tower and find that the results are in reasonable agreement, with some explicable differences in detail. All of the data sets show zones of faster rotation approaching the equator from mid-latitudes during the solar cycle, with a variation at any given location that can be approximately, but not completely, described by a single sinusoid and an amplitude that does not drop off steeply below the surface.  相似文献   

Mapping the shadow of experience of extreme weather events   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Peter D. Howe  Hilary Boudet  Anthony Leiserowitz  Edward W. Maibach 《Climatic change》2014,127(2):381-389

Climate change will increase the frequency and/or intensity of certain extreme weather events, and perceived experience with extreme weather may influence climate change beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. However, the aspects of extreme events that influence whether or not people perceive that they have personally experienced them remain unclear. We investigate (1) the correspondence of reported experience of extreme weather events with documented events, and (2) how characteristics of different extreme events shape the geographic area within which people are likely to report they have experienced it—the event’s perceived “shadow of experience.” We overlay geocoded survey responses indicating personal experience with hurricanes, tornadoes, and drought—from a 2012 nationally representative survey (N?=?1,008) of U.S. residents—on maps of recorded event impacts. We find that reported experiences correspond well with recorded event impacts, particularly for hurricanes and tornadoes. Reported experiences were related to event type, proximity, magnitude and duration. The results suggest locations where disaster preparedness efforts and climate change education campaigns could be most effective after an extreme weather event.  相似文献   

Subsurface Meridional Circulation in the Active Belts     

I. González Hernández  S. Kholikov  F. Hill  R. Howe  R. Komm 《Solar physics》2008,252(2):235-245

Temporal variations of the subsurface meridional flow with the solar cycle have been reported by several authors. The measurements are typically averaged over periods of time during which surface magnetic activity existed in the regions where the velocities are calculated. The present work examines the possible contamination of these measurements due to the extra velocity fields associated with active regions plus the uncertainties in the data obtained where strong magnetic fields are present. We perform a systematic analysis of more than five years of GONG data and compare meridional flows obtained by ring-diagram analysis before and after removing the areas of strong magnetic field. The overall trend of increased amplitude of the meridional flow towards solar minimum remains after removal of large areas associated with surface activity. We also find residual circulation toward the active belts that persists even after the removal of the surface magnetic activity, suggesting the existence of a global pattern or longitudinally-located organized flows.  相似文献   

Colliding plasma experiments to study astrophysical-jet relevant physics     

C. D. Gregory  J. Howe  B. Loupias  S. Myers  M. M. Notley  Y. Sakawa  A. Oya  R. Kodama  M. Koenig  E. Falize  S. Bouquet  C. Michaut  N. C. Woolsey 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2009,322(1-4):37-41

We present the results of experiments in which jets are created through the collision of two laser-produced plasmas. These experiments use a simple ‘v-foil’ target design: two thin foils are placed at an angle of 140° to each other, and irradiated with a high-energy laser. The plasmas from the rear face of these foils collide and drive plasma jets moving with a velocity of ～300 km?s^?1. By choosing the foil thickness and material to suit the laser conditions available, it has proven possible to create plasma jets for which the relevant scaling parameters show significant overlap with those of outflows associated with young stellar objects (YSOs). Preliminary results are also shown from experiments to study the effect of an ambient gas on jet propagation. Nominally identical experiments are conducted either in vacuum or in an ambient medium of 5 mbar of nitrogen gas. The gas is seen to increase the jet collimation, and to introduce shock structures at the head of the outflow.  相似文献   

The scientific rationale for the C1XS X-ray spectrometer on India's Chandrayaan-1 mission to the moon   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

I.A. Crawford  K.H. Joy  B.J. Kellett  M. Anand  N. Bhandari  L. d’Uston  O. Gasnault  C.J. Howe  D. Koschny  B.J. Maddison  S. Narendranath  T. Okada  S.S. Russell  B. Swinyard  M. Wilding 《Planetary and Space Science》2009,57(7):725-734

The UK-built Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Spectrometer (C1XS) will fly as an ESA instrument on India's Chandrayaan-1 mission to the Moon, launched in October 2008. C1XS builds on experience gained with the earlier D-CIXS instrument on SMART-1, but will be a scientifically much more capable instrument. Here we describe the scientific objectives of this instrument, which include mapping the abundances of the major rock-forming elements (principally Mg, Al, Si, Ti, Ca and Fe) in the lunar crust. These data will aid in determining whether regional compositional differences (e.g., the Mg/Fe ratio) are consistent with models of lunar crustal evolution. C1XS data will also permit geochemical studies of smaller scale features, such as the ejecta blankets and central peaks of large impact craters, and individual lava flows and pyroclastic deposits. These objectives all bear on important, and currently unresolved, questions in lunar science, including the structure and evolution of any primordial magma ocean, as revealed by vertical and lateral geochemical variations in the crust, and the composition of the lunar mantle, which will further constrain theories of the Moon's origin, thermal history and internal structure.  相似文献   

Lunar remnant magnetic field mapping from orbital observations of mirrored electrons     

J. E. McCoy  K. A. Anderson  R. P. Lin  H. C. Howe  R. E. McGuire 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1975,14(1):35-47

Areas of lunar surface magnetic field are observed to ‘mirror’ low energy electrons present in the normal lunar space environment. The ambient electrons provide, in effect, a probe along the ambient magnetic field lines down to the lunar surface for remote sensing of the presence of surface fields. This probe, unlike direct measurement by the magnetometer, does not require low altitude or a very stable (magnetotail) ambient field to provide a mapping of regions of occurrence of such fields. Use of the on-board vector magnetometer measurements of the ambient magnetic field orientation allows accurate projection of such mapping onto the lunar surface. Preliminary maps of the lunar surface magnetic areas underlying the orbit of the ‘Particles and Fields Satellite deployed from Apollo-16’ have been generated, obtaining 40% coverage from partial data to demonstrate feasibility of the technique. As well as providing independent verification of areas such as Van de Graaff already discovered in the magnetometer data, these maps reveal many previously unreported areas of surface magnetism. The method is sensitive to fields of less than 0.1γ at the surface. Application to the full body of available PFS-1 & 2 electron data is expected to provide complete mapping of the lunar surface for areas of magnetization up to latitudes of 35–40 deg. The surface field regions observed are generally due to sources smaller than 10–50 km in size, although many individual regions are often so close together as to give much larger regions of effectively continuous mirroring. Absence of consistent mirroring by any global field places an upper limit on the size of any net lunar dipole moment of less than 10¹⁰ γ km³. Much additional information regarding the magnetic regions can be obtained by correlated analysis of both the electron return and vector magnetometer measurements at orbital altitude, the two techniques providing each other with directly complimentary measurements at the satellite and along the ambient field lines to the surface.  相似文献   

Statistical and cartographic methods of analysing spatial patterns of mortality     

G.Melvyn Howe 《Geoforum》1979,10(3):311-322

The health field concept is examined as a framework within which to analyse spatial patterns of mortality. Disease mapping and its problems are investigated with particular reference to ischaemic heart disease in the U.K.  相似文献   

THE ASHMORE: A NEW OLIVINE-BRONZITE CHONDRITE     

J. R. Craig  D. A. Howe  R. L. Harris  G. Kullurud  W. B. Bryan 《Meteoritics & planetary science》1971,6(1):33-37

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The salinity: δ¹⁸O water relationship in Kongsfjorden, western Spitsbergen     

Suzanne E. MacLachlan  Finlo R Cottier  William E. N. Austin  & John A. Howe 《Polar research》2007,26(2):160-167

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