Effects of Anthropogenic Disturbance on Sediment Organic Carbon Mineralization Under Different Water Conditions in Coastal Wetland of a Subtropical Estuary     

Xiaojie Mou  Xingtu Liu  Zhigao Sun  Chuan Tong  Jiafang Huang  Siang Wan  Chun Wang  Bolong Wen 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2018,28(3):400-410

The changes in soil organic carbon(C) mineralization as affected by anthropogenic disturbance directly determine the role of soils as C source or sink in the global C budget. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of anthropogenic disturbance(aquaculture pond, pollutant discharge and agricultural activity) on soil organic C mineralization under different water conditions in the Minjiang River estuary wetland, Southeast China. The results showed that the organic C mineralization in the wetland soils was significantly affected by human disturbance and water conditions(P 0.001), and the interaction between human disturbance activities and water conditions was also significant(P 0.01). The C mineralization rate and the cumulative mineralized carbon dioxide-carbon(CO_2-C)(at the 49th day) ranked from highest to lowest as follows: Phragmites australis wetland soil aquaculture pond sediment soil near the discharge outlet rice paddy soil. This indicated that human disturbance inhibited the mineralization of C in soils of the Minjiang River estuary wetland, and the inhibition increased with the intensity of human disturbance. The data for cumulative mineralized CO_2-C showed a good fit(R~2 0.91) to the first-order kinetic model C_t = C_0(1 – exp(–kt)). The kinetic parameters C_0, k and C_0 k were significantly affected by human disturbance and water conditions. In addition, the total amount of mineralized C(in 49 d) was positively related to C_0, C_0 k and electrical conductivity of soils. These findings indicated that anthropogenic disturbance suppressed the organic C mineralization potential in subtropical coastal wetland soils, and changes of water pattern as affected by human activities in the future would have a strong influence on C cycling in the subtropical estuarine wetlands.  相似文献   

Regional Characteristics and Causes of Haze Events in Northeast China     

Weiwei Chen  Shichun Zhang  Quansong Tong  Xuelei Zhang  Hongmei Zhao  Siqi Ma  Aijun Xiu  Yuexin He 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2018,28(5):836-850

Northeast China experiences severe atmospheric pollution, with an increasing occurrence of heavy haze episodes. However, the underlying forces driving haze formation during different seasons are poorly understood. In this study, we explored the spatio-temporal characteristics and causes of haze events in Northeast China by combining a range of data sources(i.e., ground monitoring, satellite-based products, and meteorological products). It was found that the ‘Shenyang-Changchun-Harbin(SCH)'city belt was the most polluted area in the region on an annual scale. The spatial distribution of air quality index(AQI) values had a clear seasonality, with the worst pollution occurring in winter, an approximately oval-shaped polluted area around western Jilin Province in spring, and the best air quality occurring in summer and most of the autumn. The three periods that typically experienced intense haze events were Period I from mid-October to mid-November(i.e., late autumn and early winter), Period II from late-December to February(i.e., the coldest time in winter), and Period III from April to mid-May(i.e., spring). During Period I, strong PM_(2.5) emissions from seasonal crop residue burning and coal burning for winter heating were the dominant reasons for the occurrence of extreme haze events(AQI 300). Period II had frequent heavy haze events(200 AQI 300) in the coldest months of January and February, which were due to high PM_(2.5) emissions from coal burning and vehicle fuel consumption, a lower atmospheric boundary layer, and stagnant atmospheric conditions. Haze events in Period III, with high PM_(10) concentrations, were primarily caused by the regional transportation of windblown dust from degraded grassland in central Inner Mongolia and bare soil in western Jilin Province. Local agricultural tilling could also release PM_(10) and enhance the levels of windblown dust from tilled soil. Better control of coal burning, fuel consumption, and crop residue burning in winter and autumn is urgently needed to address the haze problem in Northeast China.  相似文献   

边际油田开发新型平台及水下储油研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

周宝勇  余建星  杜尊峰  张中华  许华力 《海洋技术学报》2010,29(4)

针对渤海海域众多浅水无依托边际油田开发存在的投入成本过高问题,通过技术论证提出新型移动式多功能简易海洋平台概念方案,并对水下沉垫储油的油气置换工艺进行了设计与优化,采用内部收益率、盈亏平衡分析与敏感性分析相结合的方法分析边际油田开发的经济效益与风险承受能力。成功将新型平台概念运用到BZ3-2边际油田项目开发中,并与歧口、涠洲及番禺油田项目的经济效益相比较,结果显示新型平台具有很好的应用前景。  相似文献   

中国春季气温异常变率的非线性特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

徐同  郭品文  居丽丽 《气象与环境科学》2007,30(2):9-12

运用一种基于神经网络的非线性主成分分析法(NLPCA)对中国1951-2003年53 a春季气温距平场进行分析,结果表明,春季气温异常变率具有显著的非线性特征,当非线性主元u分别取最大值和最小值时,对应的空间气温异常分布型具有显著的非对称性.  相似文献   

地基GPS水汽资料在石家庄一次暴雨过程中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李国翠  李国平  连志鸾  仝美然  岳艳霞 《气象与环境科学》2007,30(3):50-53

利用石家庄市地基GPS可降水量和逐时高时间分辨率地面气象资料,对2006年8月14日发生在石家庄地区的一次暴雨天气过程进行了分析.结果表明:此次暴雨发生前高能高湿,可降水量有一个缓慢积累过程;暴雨期间可降水量达最大,且可降水量极大值出现时间与降水强度吻合;降水结束后可降水量迅速下降.  相似文献   

动机、成本、风险：家长视角下研学旅游产品价值感知研究     

文彤  李思敏  苏海洋  肖凯杰 《热带地理》2022,42(10):1677-1689

以中小学生自然教育研学旅游作为具体情境,基于539份家长问卷数据阐释研学旅游动机与价值感知之间的关系,并通过成本感知和风险感知探讨其内在机制和边界条件。结果表明,家长感知的研学旅游动机越强烈,越容易感知到研学旅游产品所传递的价值,验证了研学旅游情境下动机对价值感知的积极影响,也形成了对动机与价值之间关系研究的理论补充。并且,这一动机除了直接作用于价值感知外,还会通过成本感知的部分中介作用影响价值感知,揭示了中国家长对于教育价值的重视会削弱其对“利失”的感知。此外,进一步验证了风险感知的积极影响,即家长感知研学旅游的不确定性水平越高,动机对价值感知的积极影响越明显,且会抑制成本感知对价值感知的负向作用,但风险感知水平达到一定高度时,其对成本感知与价值感知间的抑制作用将不显著。因此,面向需求设计打造产品,突出产品价值、加大宣传营销力度、把控活动安全、合理制定价格,获取家长群体的认同接受,将是研学旅游进一步拓展市场的重要考量。  相似文献   

Static and dynamic inelastic P–Δ effect for seismic design     

Li Xiao  Tong Genshu 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2021,(3):643-658

Seismic influence of P–Δ effect is the subject of this study. First, it is pointed out that the elastic static amplification factor shall be isolated in formulating the dynamic inelastic second order effect. An amplification factor for the static inelastic P–Δ effect is derived. Seismic force reduction factors(SFRF) for given ductility and stability coefficients are computed for one-story, one-span frames. The P–Δ amplification factors for seismic base shears are obtained by dividing SFRFs with and without P–Δ effect. Both P–Δ amplification factors and SFRFs are presented separately with two kinds of period abscissas. The P–Δ amplification factors are dependent on periods with the maximum occurring at about 0.75 s for site type C and approach to the static inelastic counterpart at long periods. Post-yield stiffness cannot fully counteract the adverse impact of the P–Δ effect. Formulas for seismic P–Δ amplification factors are proposed and compared to results of others. Collapse capacity spectra(CCS) are reviewed and their application in codes discussed. Available CCSs are compared with SFRFs with finite ductility computed for two ensembles of seismic records. A comparison reveals that the SFRFs are affected by seismic records, and available CCSs do not always provide upper limits for the SFRFs when stability coefficients are greater than 0.1 for frame models.  相似文献   

基于“葵花8号”气象卫星的陇东南地区强对流识别跟踪技术研究     

王小龙  王彤  李映春  李娟  邓卓雅  王秀花  谢蕊  安斌 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2022,16(5):56-61

利用常规观测资料、区域自动站资料和“葵花8号”气象卫星资料,对2016年4—9月甘肃省陇东南地区出现的43次强对流天气过程进行分析,确立了强对流云团识别指标、追踪方法及预报指标,并对2018年部分个例进行效果检验。结果表明：（1）利用卫星B13通道（10.4μm）亮温值TBB≤238 K或B08通道（6.2μm）与B13通道亮温差△TBB<0 K双阈值作为强对流云团识别指标,可以准确识别出陇东南地区的强对流天气云团;（2）利用“逆向搜索法”、“面积重叠法”及对云团重心的计算,可以对强对流云团进行准确定位、追踪及移动路径外推预报;（3）建立的强对流天气落区判别指标对该地区短时强降水及冰雹落区具有一定的预报能力。  相似文献   

GC-MS法测定地下水中28种半挥发性有机物     

赵烔 《吉林地质》2021,40(2):58-64,71

本文针对地下水监测网运行维护规范(DZ/T 0307-2017)中的半挥发性有机物,建立了一种液/液萃取-气相色谱质谱联用法,可同时测定28种半挥发性有机物(SVOCs),涵盖规范中除多氯联苯外全部的27个SVOCs.方法 采用二氯甲烷萃取,SIM模式经气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对样品进行测定,内标法定量,可实现...  相似文献   

Loss of energy dissipation capacity from the deadzone in linear and nonlinear viscous damping devices   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Mai Tong Thomas Liebner 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2007,6(1):11-20

In a viscous damping device under cyclic loading, after the piston reaches a peak stroke, the reserve movement that follows may sometimes experience a short period of delayed or significantly reduced device force output. A similar delay or reduced device force output may also occur at the damper’s initial stroke as it moves away from its neutral position. This phenomenon is referred to as the effect of “deadzone”. The deadzone can cause a loss of energy dissipation capacity and less efficient vibration control. It is prominent in small amplitude vibrations. Although there are many potential causes of deadzone such as environmental factors, construction, material aging, and manufacture quality, in this paper, its general effect in linear and nonlinear viscous damping devices is analyzed. Based on classical dynamics and damping theory, a simple model is developed to capture the effect of deadzone in terms of the loss of energy dissipation capacity. The model provides several methods to estimate the loss of energy dissipation within the deadzone in linear and sublinear viscous fluid dampers. An empirical equation of loss of energy dissipation capacity versus deadzone size is formulated, and the equivalent reduction of effective damping in SDOF systems has been obtained. A laboratory experimental evaluation is carried out to verify the effect of deadzone and its numerical approximation. Based on the analysis, a modification is suggested to the corresponding formulas in FEMA 356 for calculation of equivalent damping if a deadzone is to be considered.  相似文献