Elemental profile of black shales     

KASHIF Naeem  WASIM Yawar  TARIQ M.Bhatti  BASHIR Mohammad 《中国地球化学学报》2011,30(2):217-219

A black shale sample collected from the Chimiari site(Tarbela) was analyzed for elemental contents.Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES) was employed to determine major and trace elements in the digests.Precise analysis was accomplished for the black shales,which was better than 2.0%.Result shows that the shales are very rich in Ca(25439 μg·g-1),Fe(13933 μg·g-1),Ti(6932 μg·g-1),Al(5993 μg·g-1) and K(2730 μg·g-1).  相似文献   

Wüstite in the fusion crust of Almahata Sitta sulfide‐metal assemblage MS‐166: Evidence for oxygen in metallic melts     

Marian Horstmann  Munir Humayun  Dennis Harries  Falko Langenhorst  Nancy L. Chabot  Addi Bischoff  Michael E. Zolensky 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2013,48(5):730-743

Meteorite fusion crusts form during the passage of a meteoroid through the Earth's atmosphere and are highly oxidized intergrowths as documented by the presence of e.g., oxides. The porous and irregular fusion crust surrounding the Almahata Sitta sulfide‐metal assemblage MS‐166 was found highly enriched in wüstite (Fe_1‐xO). Frictional heating of the outer portions of the assemblage caused partial melting of predominantly the Fe‐sulfide and minor amounts of the outer Ni‐rich portions of the originally zoned metal in MS‐166. Along with melting significant amounts of oxygen were incorporated into the molten fusion crust and mainly FeS was oxidized and desulfurized to form wüstite. Considerable amounts of FeS were lost due to ablation, whereas the cores of the large metal grains appear largely unmelted leaving behind metal grains and surrounding wüstite‐rich material (matte). Metal grains along with the surrounding matte typically form an often highly porous framework of globules interconnected with the matte. Although textures and chemical composition suggest that melting of Fe,Ni metal occurred only partially (Ni‐rich rims), there is a trace elemental imprint of siderophile element partitioning influenced by oxygen in the metallic melt as indicated by the behavior of W and Ga, the two elements significantly affected by oxygen in a metallic melt. It is remarkable that MS‐166 survived the atmospheric passage as troilite inclusions in iron meteorites are preferentially destroyed.  相似文献   

Comment on: “Earthquake geology of Kashmir Basin and its implications for future large earthquakes” by Shah (2013); “Kashmir Basin Fault and its tectonic significance in NW Himalaya,Jammu and Kashmir,India” by Shah (2015)     

Shabir Ahmad  Akhtar Alam  Bashir Ahmad 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2016,105(2):681-687

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Grain Cadmium and Zinc Concentrations in Maize Influenced by Genotypic Variations and Zinc Fertilization   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

Shah Fahad  Saddam Hussain  Shah Saud  Shah Hassan  Darakh Shan  Yutiao Chen  Nanyan Deng  Fahad Khan  Chao Wu  Wei Wu  Farroq Shah  Bashir Ullah  Muhammad Yousaf  Saqib Ali  Jianliang Huang 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2015,43(10):1433-1440

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Experimental studies of metal-silicate partitioning of Sb: Implications for the terrestrial and lunar mantles     

K. Righter  M. Humayun  A.J. Campbell  L. Danielson  M.J. Drake 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2009,73(5):1487-388

The terrestrial mantle has a well defined Sb depletion of ∼7 ± 1 (Jochum and Hofmann, 1997), and the lunar mantle is depleted relative to the Earth by a factor of ∼50 ± 5 (Wolf and Anders, 1980). Despite these well defined depletions, there are few data upon which to evaluate their origin—whether due to volatility or core formation. We have carried out a series of experiments to isolate several variables such as oxygen fugacity, temperature, pressure, and silicate and metallic melt compositions, on the magnitude of . The activity of Sb in FeNi metal is strongly composition dependent such that solubility of Sb as a function of fO₂ must be corrected for the metal composition. When the correction is applied, Sb solubility is consistent with 3+ valence. Temperature series (at 1.5 GPa) shows that decreases by a factor of 100 over 400 °C, and a pressure series exhibits an additional decrease between ambient pressure (100 MPa) and 13 GPa. A strong dependence upon silicate melt composition is evident from a factor of 100 decrease in between nbo/t values of 0.3 and 1.7. Consideration of all these variables indicates that the small Sb depletion for the Earth’s mantle can be explained by high PT equilibrium partitioning between metal and silicate melt . The relatively large lunar Sb depletion can also be explained by segregation of a small metallic core, at lower pressure conditions where is much higher (2500).  相似文献   

Groundwater development,Kharga Oases,Western Desert of Egypt: A long-term environmental concern     

Philip E. Lamoreaux  Bashir A. Memon  Hussein Idris 《Environmental Geology》1985,7(3):129-149

The groundwater reserves in Kharga Oases have been studied for the long-term socioeconomic development in the area. The Nubian Sandstone, which consists of a thick sequence of coarse clastic sediments of sandstone, sandy clay interbedded with shale, and clay beds, forms a complex aquifer system. The Nubian Aquifer has been providing water to artesian wells and springs in the Kharga Oases for several thousand years. Groundwater in the Kharga Oases is withdrawn from springs and shallow and deep artesian wells Nearly all the wells originally flowed, but with the exploitation of ground-water from deep wells for irrigation beginning about 1959. the natural flows declined as more and more closely spaced deep wells were drilled By 1975 many deep wells had ceased to flow The water demand in the area has been met by pumping both shallow and deep wells The total annual extraction from deep wells has fluctuated over the year, however, the annual withdrawal from deep wells has exceeded extraction from shallow wells About 17 billion m³ of water was withdrawn from the combination of shallow and deep wells during the period 1960–1980 The Nubian complex aquifer in the Kharga Oases has a very large groundwater potential that could be exploited and beneficially used for a long-term agricultural development in the area, provided proper well spacing and management are implemented Other major environmental considerations for which precise hydrogeologic data are needed include

1. Determination of the long-term yield available from properly constructed and producing artesian wells that will support a planned migration of population from the overcrowded Nile delta and flood plain areas
2. Development of an effective management program and adequate staff to maintain groundwater production over an extended period of years
3. The impact on climate caused by extensive irrigation in the oases of the Western Desert of Egypt
4. Protection against water logging of soils from irrigation practices
5. Protection against salinization of soils from irrigation practices
6. Development of effective surface and subsurface drainage practices
7. The impact of farming and pest control practices on the shallow groundwater of the oases
8. Determination of the long-term development of the artesian water on the quality of the water from the aquiter systems in the Western Desert

This paper addresses items 1, 2 and 8.  相似文献   

Hydrogeology of Wadi Al-Yammaniyah, Saudi Arabia     

Bashir A. Memon  Asadullah Kazi  Abdulghafar S. Bazuhair 《Ground water》1984,22(4):406-411

Quaternary alluvium, ranging in thickness from a few to 100 meters underlain by Precambrian rocks of metamor-phic and igneous origin, constitutes an important source of ground water in Wadi Al-Yammaniyah, Saudi Arabia. The purpose of this report is to assess the hydraulic properties, quality of water, and estimated change in storage in waterbearing rocks in the area. The results of eight pumping tests carried out in hand-dug, large-diameter wells, indicate that the hydraulic conductivity of the alluvial aquifer ranges from 5.6 × 10⁻⁵ to 1.85 × 10⁻³ cm/second (3.36 × 10⁻⁵ to 1.11 × 10⁻³ m/minute) and that its storativity varies from 8.23 × 10⁻² to 1.17 × 10⁻¹. The aquifer is replenished by sporadic but intensive rainfall of short duration. The present withdrawal is only about 10 percent of the annual recharge which is estimated at 52 × 10⁶ m³. It is shown that there is a substantial potential for the future development of potable ground water which would be required for the development of the area.  相似文献   

Hydrogeochemistry of the Winder River and adjoining tributaries, Balochistan, Pakistan     

Erum Bashir Shahid Naseem Salma Hamza 《中国地球化学学报》2007,26(3):259-266

Quantitative estimation of ground and stream waters draining through sedimentary rocks of the Pab and Mor ranges (Jurassic-Cretaceous) and the Bela ophiolite has been made. The degree of correspondence among cations and anions has been estimated in order to evaluate their mutual relationships. The abundance of major ions is interpreted to be related to bedrocks and climatic conditions, which may contribute to the genetic affiliation. The log TDS and Na/Na Ca ratio reflected supremacy of weathering of rocks with some influence of evaporation. Ionic relationship is exhibited in the form of Stiff diagrams. Patterns of ionic composition revealed high NaCl, medium Ca(HCO3)2 and low MgSO4. Piper diagram has been used to classify the hydrofacies. The important hydrogeochemical parameters have been estimated for assessment of groundwater quality for domestic purposes in accordance to WHO. Irrigation water qualities have been evaluated in terms of EC, SAR, RSC, ESP and pH.  相似文献   

Tree Crown Detection,Delineation and Counting in UAV Remote Sensed Images: A Neural Network Based Spectral–Spatial Method     

Ramesh Kestur  Akanksha Angural  Bazila Bashir  S. N. Omkar  Gautham Anand  M. B. Meenavathi 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2018,46(6):991-1004

UAVs are fast emerging as a remote sensing platform to complement satellite based remote sensing. Agriculture and ecology is one of the important applications of UAV remote sensing, also known as low altitude remote sensing (LARS). This work demonstrates the use and potential of LARS in agriculture, particularly small holder open field agriculture. Two UAVs are used for remote sensing. The first UAV is a fixed wing aircraft with a high spatial resolution visible spectrum also known as RGB camera as a payload. The second UAV is a quadrotor UAV with an RGB camera interfaced to an on-board single board computer as the payload. LARS was carried out to acquire aerial high spatial resolution RGB images of different farms. Spectral–spatial classification of high spatial resolution RGB images for detection, delineation and counting of tree crowns in the image is presented. Supervised classification is carried out using extreme learning machine (ELM), a single hidden layer feed forward network neural network classifier. ELM was modelled for RGB values as input feature vectors and binary (tree and non-tree pixels) output class. Due to similarities in spectral intensities, some of the non-tree pixels were classified as tree pixels and in order to remove them, spatial classification was performed on the image. Spatial classification was carried out using thresholded geometrical property filtering techniques. Threshold values chosen for carrying out spatial classification were analysed to obtain optimal values. Finally in the delineation and counting, the connected tree crowns were segmented using Watershed algorithm performed on the image after marking individual tree crowns using Distance Transform method. Five representative UAV images captured at different altitudes with different crowns of banana plant, mango trees and coconut trees were used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method. The performance was compared with the traditional KMeans spectral–spatial method of clustering. Results and comparison of performance parameters of KMeans spectral–spatial and ELM spectral–spatial classification methods are presented. Results indicate that ELM performed better than KMeans.  相似文献   

Influence of structure on the compression and shear behaviour of a saturated lateritic clay     

Ng  Charles Wang Wai  Akinniyi  Damilola Bashir  Zhou  Chao 《Acta Geotechnica》2020,15(12):3433-3441

Lateritic clay is well recognized to contain significant amount of iron and aluminium oxides (sesquioxide). These oxides enhance the formation of soil aggregates which would greatly affect soil structure. So far, no study has been carried out purposely to investigate the influence of aggregate-dependent structure on the mechanical behaviour of the lateritic clay. In this study, structure effects on the compression and shear behaviour of a saturated lateritic clay were studied. Intact, recompacted and reconstituted specimens were studied through oedometer, isotropic compression and consolidated undrained shear tests. Microstructure of these specimens was determined using the mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques and then used to explain the observed behaviour. It was found that the compressibility of recompacted/reconstituted specimens was about 90% larger than intact specimen. Different from soft clay, the influence of microstructure does not show an obvious reduction in compressibility after yielding. The peak shear strength of intact specimen was about 100% higher than those of reconstituted/recompacted specimens. The significant difference in compression and shear behaviour is mainly because the aggregates of intact specimen were about 90% larger than those of reconstituted/recompacted specimens, as revealed by the SEM results. As a result, particle contacts forming the force chain were therefore larger in the intact specimen. The intact specimen therefore became less compressible and more dilative.

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