The possible influences of the increasing anthropogenic emissions in India on tropospheric ozone and OH   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

LIU Yu  LI Weiliang  ZHOU Xiuji  I.S.A.ISAKSEN  J.K.SUNDET  HE Jinhai 《大气科学进展》2003,20(6):968-977

A 3-D chemical transport model (OSLO CTM2) is used to investigate the influences of the increasing anthropogenic emission in India. The model is capable of reproducing the observational results of the INDOEX experiment and the measurements in summer over India well. The model results show that when NOx and CO emissions in India are doubled, ozone concentration increases, and global average OH decreases a little. Under the effects of the Indian summer monsoon, NOx and CO in India are efficiently transported into the middle and upper troposphere by the upward current and the convective activities so that the NOx, CO, and ozone in the middle and upper troposphere significantly increase with the increasing NOx and CO emissions. These increases extensively influence a part of Asia, Africa, and Europe, and persist from June to September.  相似文献   

红外测距在信阳市燃气混气站场区断层水平位移监测中的应用     

程新文  陈性义  吕利萍  赖祖龙  彭少才  陈于 《地质科技情报》2003,22(2):109-112

结合红外精密测距在信阳市燃气混气站场区稳定性研究中的应用,探讨了大气对红外测距的影响;在数据处理中采用了验后方差估计的自由网平差模型,使结果获得了亚毫米级的精度,并将F检验方法应用于变形分析中,得到了同观测结果相一致的结论,从而提高了工程岩土体稳定性定量评价的可信度。  相似文献   

Total and methylmercury in a Brazilian estuary,Rio de Janeiro     

Kehrig HA  Costa M  Moreira I  Malm O 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(10):1018-1023

Guanabara Bay, in Rio de Janeiro state, is impacted by organic matter, oil and heavy metals. The present study evaluated the total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations and the MeHg to THg ratio (%MeHg) in water samples from different points of the bay and in 245 organisms of three different trophic levels sampled between 1990 and 2000. Dissolved mercury concentration in estuarine water samples ranged from 0.72 to 5.23 ngl(-1). THg and MeHg in mussel, ranging from 11.6 to 53.5 microg THg kg(-1) wet wt. and 4.5-21.0 microg MeHg kg(-1) wet wt., varied according to sampling point and water quality. Planktivorous fish and mussel presented similar MeHg concentrations, meanwhile THg in planktivorous fish were lower than in mussel. Carnivorous fish showed higher THg and MeHg concentrations (199.5 +/- 119.3, 194.7 +/- 112.7 microg kg(-1) wet wt. respectively) than organisms from other feeding habits and lower trophic levels. There was a significant difference in the %MeHg among trophic levels: mussel presented lower MeHg percentage (33%) than planktivorous fish (54%) and carnivorous fish (98%).  相似文献   

Environmental transformation of the Bilbao estuary,N. Spain: microfaunal and geochemical proxies in the recent sedimentary record     

Cearreta A  Irabien MJ  Leorri E  Yusta I  Quintanilla A  Zabaleta A 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(6):487-503

The distribution and abundance of benthic foraminifera and a range of elements have been analysed in six long cores (up to 10 m long) from the Bilbao estuary, N. Spain, to document environmental transformation of this estuarine ecosystem and to determine sediment contamination levels. Three different environmental zones could be distinguished in the recent sedimentary record based on its microfaunal and geochemical contents. Initially, a pre-industrial zone containing very abundant and diverse foraminiferal assemblages together with baseline metal levels. Secondly, an older industrial zone exhibiting co-existence of abundant and diverse foraminiferal assemblages with high concentrations of metals. Finally, a younger industrial zone with extreme concentrations of metals and barren of indigenous foraminifera. This environmental transformation has been caused by the discharge of untreated domestic and industrial effluents during the last 150 years. The occurrence of foraminifera in the two industrial zones and along the estuary is not related to defined levels of metals, and this seems to confirm oxygen limitation as the key factor to explain complete estuarine defaunation during deposition of the younger industrial zone (period 1950-2000). Effectiveness of current regeneration schemes could be assessed using microfaunal and geochemical proxies as environmental quality indicators.  相似文献   

A Model for the Quiescent Phase of the Recurrent Nova U Scorpii     

Hachisu I  Kato M  Kato T  Matsumoto K  Nomoto K 《The Astrophysical journal》2000,534(2):L189-L192

A theoretical light curve is constructed for the quiescent phase of the recurrent nova U Scorpii in order to resolve the existing distance discrepancy between the outbursts (d approximately 6 kpc) and the quiescences (d approximately 14 kpc). Our U Sco model consists of a very massive white dwarf (WD), an accretion disk (ACDK) with a flaring-up rim, and a lobe-filling, slightly evolved, main-sequence star (MS). The model properly includes an accretion luminosity of the WD, a viscous luminosity of the ACDK, and a reflection effect of the MS and the ACDK irradiated by the WD photosphere. The B light curve is well reproduced by a model of 1.37 M middle dot in circle WD + 1.5 M middle dot in circle MS (0.8-2.0 M middle dot in circle MS is acceptable) with an ACDK having a flaring-up rim and the inclination angle of the orbit i approximately 80&j0;. The calculated color is rather blue (B-V approximately 0.0) for a suggested mass accretion rate of 2.5x10-7 M middle dot in circle yr-1, thus indicating a large color excess of E(B-V) approximately 0.56 with the observational color of B-V=0.56 in quiescence. Such a large color excess corresponds to an absorption of AV approximately 1.8 and AB approximately 2.3, which reduces the distance to 6-8 kpc. This is in good agreement with the distance estimation of 4-6 kpc for the latest outburst. Such a large intrinsic absorption is very consistent with the recently detected period change of U Sco, which is indicating a mass outflow of approximately 3x10-7 M middle dot in circle yr-1 through the outer Lagrangian points in quiescence.  相似文献   

ASCA Observation of the Quiescent X-Ray Counterpart to SGR 1627-41     

Hurley K  Strohmayer T  Li P  Kouveliotou C  Woods P  van Paradijs J  Murakami T  Hartmann D  Smith I  Ando M  Yoshida A  Sugizaki M 《The Astrophysical journal》2000,528(1):L21-L23

We present a 2-10 keV ASCA observation of the field around the soft gamma repeater SGR 1627-41. A quiescent X-ray source, whose position is consistent both with that of a recently discovered BeppoSAX X-ray source and with the Interplanetary Network localization for this soft gamma repeater, was detected in this observation. In 2-10 keV X-rays, the spectrum of the X-ray source may be fit equally well by a power-law, blackbody, or bremsstrahlung function, with unabsorbed flux approximately 5x10-12 ergs cm-2 s-1. We do not confirm a continuation of a fading trend in the flux, and we find no evidence for periodicity, both of which were noted in the earlier BeppoSAX observations.  相似文献   

Supernova Sources and the 92Nb-92Zr p-Process Chronometer     

Yin QZ  Jacobsen SB  McDonough WF  Horn I  Petaev MI  Zipfel J 《The Astrophysical journal》2000,536(1):L49-L53

We report new Zr isotope evidence for live (92)Nb (mean life: tau&d1;92Nb=52 Myr) within the early solar system resulting in &parl0;92Nb&solm0;93Nb&parr0;initial approximately 10-3. The meteoritic minerals rutile and zircon have, respectively, very high and very low Nb/Zr ratios and are ideal for exploring the (92)Nb-(92)Zr chronometer. Rutiles exhibit high positive straightepsilon92Zr ( approximately 14-36) while a zircon has a negative straightepsilon92Zr ( approximately -4), as would be expected if (92)Nb was live in the early solar system. The meteoritic rutiles appear to be young, with apparent times of formation of approximately 80-220 Myr subsequent to the origin of the solar system. The initial (92)Nb/(92)Mo for the solar system is broadly compatible with a model of uniform production if the (92)Nb/(92)Mo production ratio for Type II supernova (SNII) sources with neutrino-driven winds is used. Data for all the now extinct p-process nuclides ((92)Nb, (97)Tc, and (146)Sm) are consistent with these isotopes being derived by uniform production from SNII sources and a free decay interval of approximately 10 Myr. Consideration of a range of models indicates that the average p-process production ratio of (92)Nb/(92)Mo needs to be at least in the range of 0.06-0.25.  相似文献   

Runaway of Line-driven Winds toward Critical and Overloaded Solutions     

Feldmeier A  Shlosman I 《The Astrophysical journal》2000,532(2):L125-L128

Line-driven winds from hot stars and accretion disks are thought to follow a unique, critical solution that corresponds to a maximum mass-loss rate and a particular velocity law. We show that in the presence of negative velocity gradients, radiative-acoustic (Abbott) waves can drive shallow wind solutions toward larger velocities and mass-loss rates. Perturbations that are introduced downstream from the critical point of the wind lead to a convergence toward the critical solution. By contrast, low-lying perturbations cause evolution toward a mass-overloaded solution, developing a broad deceleration region in the wind. Such a wind differs fundamentally from the critical solution. For sufficiently deep-seated perturbations, overloaded solutions become time-dependent and develop shocks and shells.  相似文献   

西华山脉钨矿床的形成压力及有关花岗岩的侵位深度   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13  

黄惠兰  常海亮  付建明  汪雄武  李桃叶 《矿床地质》2006,25(5):562-571

文章阐述了西华山黑钨矿-石英脉与普通热液石英脉的不同之处;分析了前人所获压力值较低(30~70MPa)的主要原因;利用黑钨矿-石英脉绿柱石中两相气液包裹体和不混溶硅酸盐熔融包裹体的有关资料及相关相图,求得西华山脉钨矿床的形成压力为200MPa。根据西华山脉钨矿床产出的地质特征以及岩石学、矿物学、稳定同位素和流体包裹体地球化学等证据论证了这一压力的合理性。  相似文献   

山东蒙阴科马提岩地球化学特征及其意义     

程素华  李江海陈征 牛向龙 《岩石矿物学杂志》2006,25(2):119-126

山东蒙阴科马提岩具有典型的鬣刺结构，高镁低钛，铝不亏损，具有正的Rb、Ba、Sr、U异常，轻稀土元素亏损，重稀土元素平坦，稀土元素总量很低，高场强元素与稀土元素发生分异，Nb/Nb^＊〉1，与加拿大蒙罗镇科马提岩地球化学特征和同位素特征相似。研究表明，蒙阴科马提岩可能起源于长期亏损的地幔源区，岩浆不可能来源于以橄榄石、辉石和石榴石（或者majorite）为主要矿物相的地幔源区。最新Sm-Nd同位素研究显示，蒙阴科马提岩样品的εNd值为-0．4～＋3．6，新鲜样品一般为＋3．3，也证实了科马提岩来自长期亏损的地幔源区，并且地幔柱在上升过程中受到地壳混染程度很小，推测研究区科马提岩的喷出可能是新太古代大陆增生事件的重要组成部分。  相似文献