Petrogenesis and geotectonic setting of the PanAfrican basement rocks in Bamenda Massif, Obudu Plateau, southeastern Nigeria： Evidence from trace element geochemistry     

UKAEGBU V. U. EKWUEME B. N. 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(2):122-131

1 IntroductionThe study area is part of the Obudu Plateau,which forms part of the Precambrian Pan-African tec-tonothermal belt, lying between the West African Cra-ton and the Gabon-Congo Craton ( Fig. 1). It isbounded by the Benue Trough, in the NE-SW axi…  相似文献   

模式水平分辨率对祁连山区降水模拟影响的初步分析   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5  

李锁锁  吕世华  高艳红  张宇 《高原气象》2005,24(4):496-502

利用中尺度模式MM5V3．6，针对祁连山地区2002年7月14～17日的一次降水过程，设计了一组不同水平分辨率的试验进行数值模拟。并将模式结果与实测资料进行对比，结果表明：高水平分辨率对降水中心位置的模拟较好，但同时会产生虚假降水中心，且模拟的降水中心量值一般都大于实测值。而低水平分辨率对降水量值的模拟较好，但对降水中心位置的模拟没有高水平分辨率的好。  相似文献   

Structure Functions In A Wall-Turbulent Shear Flow     

U. Giostra  D. Cava  S. Schipa 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2002,103(3):337-359

Wavelet and quadrant analyses were applied to turbulent velocity data in order to investigate the transition from the anisotropy of energy-containing eddies to the isotropy of the inertial subrange scales. The quadrant analysis of the wavelet coefficients of longitudinal and vertical velocity components allows the evaluation of the velocity structure functions and the momentum cospectrum as a function of the separation distance and of the quadrants. In an isotropic condition the contribution both of ejections and sweeps (even quadrants), and both of reflections and deflections (odd quadrants), has to be equal. The analysis has shown that in neutrally stratified conditions the transition to isotropy occurs in a frequency range (0.2 < r/z < 3) usually referred to as internal to the inertial subrange (r is separation distance, z is height). In the transition region, as in the isotropic region, the velocity structure functions still agree with the 1941 and 1962 Kolmogorov theories; but on the other hand the structure functions of the even and odd quadrants are fitted by power laws of different slopes in the transition region. The proposed analysis allows the investigation within the transition region of the different dynamical structure in the energy transfer from the energy-containing scales to the isotropic scales.  相似文献   

Geochronological constraints on the evolution of the Embu Complex, São Paulo, Brazil     

U. G. Cordani  J. M. V. Coutinho  A. P. Nutman   《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2002,14(8)

Petrologic and geochronological work was carried out on a roadside outcrop of amphibolite facies orthogneisses near São Lourenço da Serra, about 50 km southwest of São Paulo City. These orthogneisses belong to the Embu Complex, within the Neoproterozoic Brasiliano Orogenic Cycle mobile belts of SE Brazil. The outcrop consists of predominantly foliated biotite tonalites and granodiorites, which were cut by granitic veins and pegmatites prior to final deformation. SHRIMP U/Pb measurements on zircons from one granodioritic–tonalitic gneiss indicate magmatic crystallization of the protolith at 811±13 Ma (MSWD=1.0). Zircons with dates of ca. 2000 and ca. 1000 Ma in this rock are interpreted as inherited from older crust. One zircon analyzed from the gneiss and three zircons from a discordant pegmatitic vein indicate an event at 650–700 Ma, perhaps related to the intrusion of the pegmatites. A regression of Rb–Sr whole rock data for four biotite gneisses yielded an imperfect isochron, giving an apparent age of 821±68 Ma and an elevated initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.719±0.005. The elevated initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio and the inherited zircons indicate involvement of older crust in the genesis of the gneisses. Rb–Sr feldspar and whole rock pairs yield ca. 560 Ma tielines, giving the time of final cooling below 300–350 °C, and the cessation of medium-grade metamorphism and ductile deformation. These results document a series of tectono-thermal events spanning 250 million years during the Brasiliano Orogenic Cycle. They relate to ca. 800 Ma magmatic arc activity and later allochthonous terrane assembly during closure of the Adamastor Ocean, resulting in the accretion of Western Gondwana.  相似文献   

Thermodynamic properties and stability of AlF-bearing titanite CaTiOSiO4–CaAlFSiO4     

U. Troitzsch  D. Ellis 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2002,142(5):626-626

  相似文献   

From stable dipolar towards reversing numerical dynamos     

C. Kutzner  U.R. Christensen 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2002,131(1):29-45

We are using a three-dimensional convection-driven numerical dynamo model without hyperdiffusivity to study the characteristic structure and time variability of the magnetic field in dependence of the Rayleigh number (Ra) for values up to 40 times supercritical. We also compare a variety of ways to drive the convection and basically find two dynamo regimes. At low Ra, the magnetic field at the surface of the model is dominated by the non-reversing axial dipole component. At high Ra, the dipole part becomes small in comparison to higher multipole components. At transitional values of Ra, the dynamo vacillates between the dipole-dominated and the multipolar regime, which includes excursions and reversals of the dipole axis. We discuss, in particular, one model of chemically driven convection, where for a suitable value of Ra, the mean dipole moment and the temporal evolution of the magnetic field resemble the known properties of the Earth’s field from paleomagnetic data.  相似文献   

The time-averaged magnetic field in numerical dynamos with non-uniform boundary heat flow   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Peter Olson  U. R. Christensen 《Geophysical Journal International》2002,151(3):809-823

  相似文献   

Wind velocity and sand transport on a barchan dune   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

G. Sauermann  J. S. Andrade  Jr.  L. P. Maia  U. M. S. Costa  A. D. Araújo  H. J. Herrmann 《Geomorphology》2003,54(3-4):245-255

We present measurements of wind velocity and sand flux performed on the windward side of a large barchan dune in Jericoacoara, northeastern Brazil. From the measured profile, we calculate the air shear stress using an analytical approximation and treat the problem of flow separation by an heuristic model. We find that the results from this approach agree well with our field data. Moreover, using the calculated shear velocity, we predict the sand flux according to well-known equilibrium relations and with a phenomenological continuum saltation model that includes saturation transients and thus allows for nonequilibrium conditions. Based on the field data and theoretical predicted results, we indicate the principal differences between saturated and nonsaturated sand flux models. Finally, we show that the measured dune moves with invariant shape and predict its velocity from our data and calculations.  相似文献   

Permeability-porosity Relationships in Rocks Subjected to Various Evolution Processes     

Y. Bernabé  U. Mok  B. Evans 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2003,160(5-6):937-960

— It is well known that there is no “universal” permeability-porosity relationship valid in all porous media. However, the evolution of permeability and porosity in rocks can be constrained provided that the processes changing the pore space are known. In this paper, we review observations of the relationship between permeability and porosity during rock evolution and interpret them in terms of creation/destruction of effectively and non-effectively conducting pore space. We focus on laboratory processes, namely, plastic compaction of aggregates, elastic-brittle deformation of granular rocks, dilatant and thermal microcracking of dense rocks, chemically driven processes, as a way to approach naturally occurring geological processes. In particular, the chemically driven processes and their corresponding evolution permeability-porosity relationships are discussed in relation to sedimentary rocks diagenesis.  相似文献   

高浓度黏性泥石流堆积层理结构中筛积层和粗化层形成机理的研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王裕宜  詹钱登  韩文亮  邹仁元 《沉积学报》2003,21(2):205-210

根据高浓度黏性泥石流的观测资料,应用不同类型黏性泥石流的流变特性和流体结构的分类指标-流核比,对高浓度黏性泥石流堆积中的混杂层、筛积层和粗化层理结构进行了成因差异分析。侧重分析了砾石质点在高浓度黏性泥石流蠕动流场中作向上垂直运动的魏森伯效应,并在表面富集形成了筛积层的成因,及其它与粗化层结构的区别。  相似文献