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71.
Quartz microtextures of the Sambagawa schists and their implications in convergent margin processes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nobuo Sakakibara Ikuo Hara Kenji Kanai Kenji Kaikiri Tugio Shiota Kei Hide Peter Paulitsch 《Island Arc》1992,1(1):186-197
Abstract Quartz c-axis fabrics of the Sambagawa schists produced along a late Mesozoic convergent plate margin were analysed so that their tectono-metamorphic history could be clarified. It has been noted by many authors that quartz fabrics produced by earlier phase deformation are easily modified by strain increment during later phase deformation. This paper attempts to elucidate the high-temperature phases of prograde metamorphism (Sim-Bim phase) and of retrograde metamorphism (Sb1 phase and Sb2−1 phase) from quartz grains included in garnet and plagioclase porphyroblasts. Quartz c-axis fabrics for all these phases are explained in terms of a type I crossed girdle, without (only rarely with) higher concentration in the principal axis of strain Y (X>Y>Z), that must have been produced by the activity of a dominant slip system such as rhomb and basal. As a result, the plastic deformation of quartz, which was responsible for the formation of the type I crossed girdle, occurred even under temperatures greater than 500°C and pressures a little greater than 10–11 kb, which correspond to the physical condition of the Sim-Bim phase. It has been assumed that a high strain rate (and/or low H2 O content) caused rhomb and basal to be active as dominant slip systems in the subduction zone related to the formation of the Sambagawa schists even under high temperatures (> 500°C). 相似文献
72.
An approximate method and a rigorous method are presented for the time-domain soil-structure interaction analysis, both of which use the stiffness of soil obtained numerically or experimentally in the limited frequency range. In the aseismic design of a large-scale structure, the approximate and rigorous methods are intended to be used in a preliminary analysis and a detailed study, respectively. Both methods are based on the approximation that the first few terms of the Fourier or Taylor expansions of a frequency-dependent function are used. The difference lies in the number of coefficients of each series, and also in the manner in which the coefficients can be determined. In order to demonstrate the validity of the proposed methods, a soil-structure system, whose soil has a complex profile under the foundation, is analysed. The dynamic stiffness of the soil is calculated by a 3-D hybrid approach that combines the finite element method and the boundary element method. As a result, the present methods are capable of evaluating the complexity of the soil more precisely and efficiently than conventional methods. 相似文献
73.
Cheng-Hsing Chen Yang-Jye Lee Wen-Yu Jean Ikuo Katayama Joseph Penzien 《地震工程与结构动力学》1990,19(7):993-1024
The hybrid modelling method is presented herein along with the equivalent linearization method to take account of the strain-dependent non-linearity of soils in a soil-structure interaction (SSI) seismic analysis. A refined substructuring of the soil-structure system is utilized and two separate analyses are made to determine the soil free-field and SSI motions induced by earthquake excitation. This method is used to predict the seismic response of a 1/4-scale containment model built in the seismically active area of Lotung, Taiwan. The results obtained show excellent correlation with the field test results. 相似文献
74.
Temporal characteristics of the famous Matsushiro earthquake swarm were investigated quantitatively using point-process analysis. Analysis of the earthquake occurrence rate revealed not only the precise and interesting process of the swarm, but also the relation between pore water pressure and the strength of the epidemic effect, and the modified Omori-type temporal decay of earthquake activity. The occurrence rate function (t) for this swarm is represented well aswhere f(t) represents the contribution of the swarm driver, which was the erupting water from the deep in this case, and the second term represents an epidemic effect of the modified Omori type. Based on changes in the form of f(t), this two-year long swarm was divided into six periods and one short transitional epoch. The form of f(t) in each period revealed the detail of the water erupting process. In the final stage, f (t) decayed according to the modified Omori-formula form, while it decayed exponentially in the brief respite of the water eruption in the fourth period. When an exponential decay of swarm activity is observed, we have to be cautious of a sudden restart of the violent activity. The epidemic effect is stronger when the pressure of the pore water is higher. Even when the pressure is not high, the p value in the epidemic effect is small, when there is plenty of pore water. However, the epidemic effect produced about a quarter of the earthquakes even though there was not much pore water in the rocks. 相似文献
75.
Calcium-aluminium-rich chondrules were found in L-3 (ALH-77015) and LL-3 (ALH-77278) chondrites. They consist of spinel, olivine, fassaite and glassy groundmass enriched in anorthite component. The bulk chemical compositions of the two chondrules are nearly the same and resemble those of the calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions in the carbonaceous chondrites, but the former is more enriched in MgO and SiO2 and depleted in Al2O3 and CaO. The calcium-aluminium-rich chondrules would have been primarily early condensates which existed at the place where the chondrules were formed, and heated up to 1400 °C or higher to have melted and cooled at the rate similar to those for other chondrules, or the products of intensive heating followed by reaction with gas. 相似文献
76.
Philip Skemer Ikuo Katayama Shun-ichiro Karato 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2006,152(1):43-51
We report a new observation of the olivine B-type lattice-preferred orientation (LPO), from the garnet peridotite at Cima di Gagnone, Switzerland. The olivine B-type fabric forms at low temperatures and/or high stress in the presence of water, and is of particular interest because it may be used to explain the trench-parallel shear-wave splitting that is often observed at subduction zones. In conjunction with the olivine B-type fabric, we have found strong orthopyroxene LPO that is identical to those formed under water-free conditions. This suggests that water may not have a significant effect on orthopyroxene fabric. From the olivine microstructure, we determine that a stress of 22 ± 8 MPa was applied during the deformation event that formed the olivine LPO. Using an olivine flow-law, and assuming geological strain-rates, we determine the temperature of deformation to be 800 ± 175°C. This does not preclude an ultra-deep origin for the ultramafic rocks at Cima di Gagnone, but indicates that much of the deformation recorded in the microstructure occurred at modest temperatures.Communicated by T.L. Grove 相似文献
77.
Two experiments were carried out at 20 kb pressure for the measurement of partition coefficients of ten lanthanides and barium between diopside clinopyroxene and liquid in the synthetic system diopside-enstatite-silica-H2O. Starting materials are glass of two different compositions CaMgSi2O6 56, MgSiO3 14, SiO2 30 weight % and CaMgSi2O6 80, MgSiO3 20 weight %.In the experiment on the former composition, the partition coefficient increases regularly with decrease of ionic radii from La to Dy and decreases also regularly from Dy to Lu. In the experiment on the latter composition, stepwise shift of partition coefficient was observed between Dy and Er.The results suggest that the lanthanide cations occupy the site of 8-fold coordination in the clinopyroxene and that the partition coefficients depend on the ionic radii of lanthanide elements and also on the chemical composition of the starting material or heating process during the run. 相似文献
78.
Dr. Ikuo Hara 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1971,60(3):1142-1173
The c-axis fabrics of quartz grains at the hinge zones of the orthorhombic buckle folds of quartz-rich layers which were collected from the Sambagawa crystalline schists of Shikoku, Japan, have been described and discussed. Especially, attempt to correlate the pattern of the quartz fabric with the strain picture has been made. It has been pointed out that the high concentration of quartz axes on two positions which are symmetrically placed on the plane of the longest principal axis and the shortest principal axis of the strain ellipsoid and at an angle of ca. 30 to the latter axis may be regarded as an ultimate steady-state pattern of preferred orientation of quartz axes developed under non-rotational two dimensional strain.
Zusammenfassung Untersucht wurden die Quarzachsen-Gefüge in den Scheiteln der orthorhombischen Biegefalten der quarzreichen Lagen aus dem Sambagawa-Schiefer von Shikoku, Japan. Besonders wurde es versucht, die Quarzachsen-Orientierung mit dem Verformungsbild zu vergleichen. Zwei Quarzachsen-Maxima in der Ebene von der lÄngsten Hauptachse und der kürzesten Hauptachse des Verformungsellipsoides, die symmetrisch zur kürzesten Hauptachse im Abstand von etwa 30 liegen, wurden als bevorzugte Endlagenorientierung der Quarzachsen angesprochen, die durch die zweidimensionale Verformung ohne Rotation erzeugt wurden.
Résumé La fabrique c-axiale des grains de quartz dans les charnières de plis, collectionnés dans les schistes cristallins de Sambagawa prés de Shikoku (Japon) sont décrits et interprétés dans cette étude. Il a été essayé spécialement de comparer le type de la fabrique du quartz au type de la déformation. Enfin il a été prouvé que la forte concentration des axes de quartz en deux lieux fixes des diagrammes, qui sont situés symétriquement aux deux axes principaux (long et petit) de l ellipsoide de déformation et qui forment un angle de 30 avec le petit axe, sont les positions définitives et stables de l'orientation préférée des axes de quartz qui à été produite par une déformation bi-dimensionelle sans rotation.
Sambagawa, Shikoku, . . , 30; , , .相似文献