Increased soil gas radon and indoor radon concentrations in Neoproterozoic olistostromes of the Teplá-Barrandian unit (Czech Republic)     

Ivan Barnet  Petra Pacherová 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(5):1601-1607

The Neoproterozoic olistostromes were first distinguished as a special geological unit in a generalised geological map of the Czech Republic on a scale 1:500,000. The olistostromes represent a tectonic mélange or subaquatic continental slope-slides formed by a mixture of black shales, greywackes, carbonates and shales, forming an extremely inhomogeneous geological environment. The extreme over-limit values of indoor radon (Rn, ²²²Rn) were first detected during check measurements performed for final building approval by team of the National Radiation Protection Institute in a house situated on bedrock of black shales—lithological component of olistostromes north-eastward from Plzeň. Additional measurements of soil gas Rn performed by the Czech Geological Survey were oriented to cover the whole olistostrome belt extending over 65 × 25 km area NE of Plzeň–Prague general direction. The increased concentrations both of soil gas and indoor Rn were confirmed in the whole extent of Neoproterozoic olistostrome belt compared to neighbouring geological units (Neoproterozoic metasediments on NW and Cambrian Palaeovolcanites and Ordovician sediments on SE). This observation lead to increasing the radon index of olistostromes to medium radon category (from the low one) both in general and detailed Rn index maps. Drawing the attention to this lithological type enables to improve the radon risk prevention for newly built houses and interest of remediation of existing houses not only in the specific area of the Czech Republic, but also in other European countries, where Neoproterozoic olistostromes form the geological basement.  相似文献   

Local and Global Error Models to Improve Uncertainty Quantification     

Laureline Josset  Ivan Lunati 《Mathematical Geosciences》2013,45(5):601-620

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Digital complex correlator for a C-band polarimetry survey     

Miguel Bergano  Francisco Fernandes  Luís Cupido  Domingos Barbosa  Rui Fonseca  Ivan Ferreira  Bruce Grossan  George Smoot 《Experimental Astronomy》2011,30(1):23-37

The international Galactic Emission Mapping project aims to map and characterize the polarization field of the Milky Way. In Portugal it will map the sky polarized emission of the Northern Hemisphere in C-band and provide templates for map calibration and foreground control of microwave space data to be provided by ESA Planck Surveyor mission and later missions. The receiver system is equipped with a novel receiver with a full digital back-end using a low-cost Field Programmable Gate Array without compromising its performance relation. This new digital backend comprises a base-band complex cross-correlator outputting the four Stokes parameters of the incoming polarized radiation. In this document we describe the design and implementation of the complex correlator using the FPGA and the dedicated digitizers at each receiver arm, detailing the method applied at the several algorithm stages. This correlator is suitable for large sky area polarization continuum surveys.  相似文献   

Skills in Professional Geography: An Assessment of Workforce Needs and Expectations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Michael Solem  Ivan Cheung  M. Beth Schlemper 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):356-373

This study compares the skills of professional geographers and the needs of employer organizations across major sectors of the U.S. workforce. Following a series of focus groups, two surveys were developed to explore: (1) the extent to which specific skills were performed by geographers in different professional positions, and (2) the value of and anticipated demand for those skills from the perspective of employers. Overall, respondents in the focus groups and both surveys emphasized the need for general skills ranging from time management and writing ability to information management and computer literacy. Employers also cited many geographic skills as being vital for enhancing the work of professionals in all types of organizations. Competency in field methods, the ability to work across disciplinary boundaries, and spatial thinking were three skill areas that characterized the work of geographic professionals irrespective of specialty.  相似文献   

A methodology for dealing with regional change in integrated water resources management     

Jochen Schanze  Johanna Trümper  Cornelia Burmeister  Dirk Pavlik  Ivan Kruhlov 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(5):1405-1414

The paper presents a methodology on how to consistently deal with the future change and management options in integrated water resources management (IWRM). It is based on a conceptual framework with a five step procedure for the formulation and analysis of a so-called ‘parameterised regional futures’. Developing and testing the approach for IWRM is realised for the upper part of the Western Bug River catchment (Ukraine). Special attention is paid to scenarios of change covering climate and land use. The future regional climate is downscaled with the model CCLM. Land cover is projected after retrospective change detection and the derivation of prospective algorithms. Parameters of the interrelations between land use and the water cycle are tackled through using the concept of the model PWF-LU. The methodology is currently being tested to analyse the impacts of mid-term regional change and management options on the water cycle of the catchment.  相似文献   

Indoor radon probability calculated from the Czech soil gas radon data in a grid net for the European Geogenic Radon Map construction: test of feasibility     

Ivan Barnet 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(4):1149-1153

The construction of the European Geogenic Radon Map in a proposed grid system 10 × 10 km requires the data test to derive the probability of exceeding the indoor action level 200 Bq m⁻³ from the geologically based data. The Czech Republic disposes both indoor and soil gas data sets to test the real probability to exceed 200 Bq m⁻³ from indoor radon measurements and to compare it with the probability calculated from soil gas radon concentrations. Comparison of real and calculated probability enables to delineate the areas, where under- or overestimation can be expected. The results of data processing show minor differences between processing the raw data in generalised polygons of geological units and in a grid net, when using the generalised geological characteristics of grid cells.  相似文献   

Top-/bottom-soil ratios and enrichment factors: What do they really show?     

Julie Sucharovà  Ivan Suchara  Marie Hola  Sarka Marikova  Clemens Reimann  Rognvald Boyd  Peter Filzmoser  Peter Englmaier 《Applied Geochemistry》2012

High top-/bottom-soil ratios, or high values of “enrichment factors” (EFs), are used as a proof for major anthropogenic impact on the geochemistry of the Earth surface. The idea behind calculating such ratios is that soils taken at depth or “average crust” can provide the geochemical background for the soils collected at the Earth surface. However, a soil profile is not a closed system, element exchange between the different layers, depending on and varying with the chemical properties of the different elements, and their turnover in the biosphere is the essence of soil formation. High top-/bottom-soil ratios, or EFs, may thus highlight the geochemical de-coupling of the lithosphere from the biosphere rather than contamination. This is demonstrated by using regional data from 258 soil O- and B-horizon samples collected from the Czech Republic (76,800 km²). Results show no relationship between the ratios and the magnitude of anthropogenic emissions. The visible relationship between element concentrations and sources in a map of the spatial distribution of the elements is lost when maps for the top-/bottom-soil ratio or EFs are constructed. The value of the data lies in the spatial elemental distribution, and not in ratios calculated based on misconceptions.  相似文献   

European space agency’s strategic contribution to seismology     

Ivan Petiteville 《Natural Hazards》2013,68(1):203-207

The impacts of disaster events such as earthquakes on economic and human lives are increasing every year, in particular due to the growing urbanization. Until recently, stakeholders involved in disaster risk management focused their efforts mainly on the response phase, immediately after the crisis. Following the recommendations of several recent studies and in order to minimize the increasing impacts of natural disasters, decision-makers and major stakeholders have showed an increasing interest in mitigation activities. Earth Observation (EO) data from space could bring a significant added value to the various phases of the seismic risk management cycle from the mitigation and preparedness phases. Space agencies need to better contribute to the management of geohazards in response to the growing request from the community of users (e.g. seismologists, insurance companies, urban planners). To foster the use of EO remote sensing data, satellite data providers have to take the appropriate measures to remove the policy and technical barriers related to the data access. They have also to increase the awareness of the community of users on the potential benefits that could be gained from the use of EO satellite data. This paper will provide examples of areas where EO remote sensing data from space could bring an added value to the current management of risks and crisis related to earthquakes. Then, the paper will describe the strategic measures undertaken by the European Space Agency in an international framework, to foster the use of satellite data by the various relevant stakeholders.  相似文献   

Modeling the initial stage of the displacement of oil or gas in porous media     

Ivan A. Molotkov  Nataliya A. Ryabova 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2012,56(2):349-354

The initial stage of evolution of the displacement front is studied as a part of the nonlinear filtration model. Concentration and density profiles in the normal direction to the front are obtained. It turns out that the concentration changes relatively quickly, whereas the density rather slowly. The stability criterion of the displacement front is formulated. The conditions, under which the front retains the initial shape, are determined.  相似文献   

Airborne Laser Sensing of Scottish Coastal Waters     

Grigorii Kokhanenko  Geoff Ludbrook  Ivan Penner  Vitalii Shamanaev 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(4):195-207

An Nd:YAG-based airborne lidar system has been used to measure the optical properties of littoral waters off the northwest Scottish coast. The small-scale structure of subsurface scattering layers was also investigated. Methods of solving the Lidar Sensing Equation in the single scattering approximation are described and the values of the derived extinction indices presented. The extinction index averaged over a series of five flights to the northeast of the Gulf Stream was k = 0.224 m -1 with a standard deviation of 0.212 m -1 . Further, it was demonstrated that, in coastal waters, optical inhomogeneities with dimensions between 50 m and 200 km obey the power law Sp k ~ k -P with the parameter P close to two. In turbid or transparent areas, the water extinction index can change by several tenths of a percent with respect to the surrounding water mass. This suggests that the observed nonmonotonic behavior of the power spectra of the water extinction index fluctuations is caused by the outer scale of turbulence, in particular, by the bottom depth at the measurement site.  相似文献