Korrelation der Sporenzonen der Oberen Trias und des Jura im Mittleren Orient und in Süddeutschland     

Prof. Dr. Hans-Joachim Schweitzer  Dr. Abdul Rahman Ashraf  Dipl. Geol. Michael Weiss 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1987,76(3):923-943

Zusammenfassung Bei der sporenstratigraphischen Gliederung des mittleren Mesozoikums im Mittleren Orient konnten vom Nor bis zur Unteren Kreide 6 Sporenzonen unterschieden werden: Unterkreide:Ischyosporites variegatus — Rouseisporites laciniatus — Cicatricosisporites-Zone Malm:Ischyosporites variegatus — Rouseisporites laciniatus-Zone Dogger:Ischyosporites variegatus — Duplexisporites problematicus-Zone Lias:Concavisporites — Duplexisporites problematicus-Zone Rät:Concavisporites — Duplexisporites problematicus — Lophotriletes sangburensis — Ricciisporites tuberculatus-Zone Nor:Concavisporites — Duplexisporites problematicus — Lophotriletes sangburensis — Cyclotriletes oligogranifer-ZoneVergleichende Untersuchungen ergaben, daß diese Sporenzonen auch auf Süddeutschland übertragbar sind und den faunistischen Grenzen entsprechen. Nur die sporenstratigraphische Festlegung der Nor/Rätsowie der Dogger/Malm- und der Malm/Unterkreide-Grenze bedürfen noch der Verifizierung.

---

In the middle Mesozoic of the Middle East 6 spore-assoziations could be distinguished from the Norian to the Lower Cretaceous: Lower Cretaceous:Ischyosporites variegatus — Rouseisporites laciniatus — Cicatricosisporites zone Upper Jurassic:Ischyosporites variegatus — Rouseisporites laciniatus zone Middle Jurassic:Ischyosporites variegatus — Duplexisporites problematicus zone Lower Jurassic:Concavisporites — Duplexisporites problematicus zone Rhaetian:Concavisporites — Duplexisporites problematicus — Lophotriletes sangburensis — Ricciisporites tuberculatus zone Norian:Concavisporites — Duplexisporites problematicus — Lophotriletes sangburensis — Cyclotriletes oligogranifer zone.The interregional validity and the correspondance of these spore zones with the faunistic boundaries could be substantiated in equivalent sequences in Southern Germany. However, the palynological definition of the Norian/Rhaetian, Middle/Upper Jurassic and Jurassic/Cretaceous boundaries have still to be confirmed in other regions since suitable sections have not been available in Southern Germany.

---

Résumé Dans le Mésozoïque moyen du Moyen Orient, six zones de spores peuvent être distinguées du Norien au Crétacé inférieur: Crétacé inférieur: Zone àIschyosporites variegatus — Rouseisporites laciniatus — Cicatricosisporites Jurassique supérieur: Zone àIschyosporites variegatus — Rouseisporites laciniatus Jurassique moyen: Zone àIschyosporites variegatus — Duplexisporites problematicus Jurassique inférieur: Zone àConcavisporites — Duplexisporites problematicus Réthien: Zone àConcavisporites — Duplexisporites problematicus — Lophotriletes sangburensis — Ricciisporites tuberculatus Norien: Zone àConcavisporites — Duplexisporites problematicus — Lophotriletes sangburensis — Cyclotriletes oligogranifer Une étude comparative montre que les mêmes zones de spores existent en Allemagne du sud et qu'elles correspondent aux limites faunistiques. Toutefois, les limites Norien/ Rhétien, Dogger/Malm et Malm/Crétacé inférieur demandent à être vérifiées.

---

- : : Ischyosporites variegatus —Rouseisporites laciniatus — Cicatricosisporites : Ischyosporites variegatus — Rouseisporites laciniatus : Ischyosporites variegatus — Duplexisporites problematicus : Concavisporites — Duplexisporites problematicus : Concavisporites — Duplexisporites problematicus — Lophotriletes sangburensis — Ricciisporites tuberculatus : Concavisporites — Duplexisporites problematicus — Lophotriletes sangburensis — Cyclotriletes oligogranifer. , , . , /, / / .

  相似文献   

Environmental isotopic and hydrochemical study of water in the karst aquifer and submarine springs of the Syrian coast   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Al Charideh  Abdul Rahman 《Hydrogeology Journal》2007,15(2):351-364

The groundwater of major karst systems and submarine springs in the coastal limestone aquifer of Syria has been investigated using chemical and isotopic techniques. The δ¹⁸O values of groundwater range from ?6.8 to ?5.05‰, while those for submarine springs vary from ?6.34 to +1.08‰ (eastern Mediterranean seawater samples have a mean of +1.7‰). Groundwater originates from the direct infiltration of atmospheric water. Stable isotopes show that the elevation of the recharge zones feeding the Banyas area (400–600 m a.s.l.) is higher than that feeding the Amrit area (100–300 m a.s.l.). The ¹⁸O_extracted (¹⁸O content of the seawater contribution) for the major submarine springs suggests a mean recharge area elevation of 600–700 m a.s.l., and lower than 400 m a.s.l. for the spring close to Amrit. Based on the measured velocity and the percentage of fresh water at the submarine springs outlet, the estimated discharge rate is 350 million m³/year. The tritium concentrations in groundwater (1.6–5.9 TU) are low and very close to the current rainfall values (2.9–5.6 TU). Adopting a model with exponential time distribution, the mean turnover time of groundwater in the Al-sen spring was evaluated to be 60 years. A value of about 3.7 billion m³ was obtained for the maximum groundwater reservoir size.  相似文献   

Third-order Uranus-Neptune planetary theory     

Osman M. Kamel  Abdel Aziz Bakry 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1988,41(2):97-116

In this part we calculate the secular and critical terms arising from the indirect part of the classical planetary Hamiltonian for Uranus and Neptune. We neglect in our expansions powers higher than the second in the eccentricity-inclination. Our required results, are expressed in terms of Poincaré variables.  相似文献   

An Artificial Intelligent design for GPS Surveying Networks     

Hussain?Aziz?SalehEmail author 《GPS Solutions》2003,7(2):101-108

Metaheuristic techniques, which are based on ideas of Artificial Intelligence, are among the best methods for solving computationally the GPS surveying network problem. In this paper, the ant colony optimization metaheuristic, which is inspired by the behavior of real ant colonies, is developed to efficiently provide a general framework for optimizing GPS surveying networks. In this framework, a set of ants co-operate together using an indirect communication procedure to find good GPS observation schedules. A GPS surveying network can be defined as a set of stations, co-ordinated by a series of sessions formed by placing receivers on the stations. The problem is to search for the best order in which to observe these sessions to give the best schedule at minimum cost. Computational results obtained by applying the proposed technique on several networks, with known and unknown optimal schedules, prove the effectiveness of the proposed metaheuristic technique to solve the GPS surveying network problem.  相似文献   

MAROS: a decision support system for optimizing monitoring plans   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Aziz JJ  Ling M  Rifai HS  Newell CJ  Gonzales JR 《Ground water》2003,41(3):355-367

The Monitoring and Remediation Optimization System (MAROS), a decision-support software, was developed to assist in formulating cost-effective ground water long-term monitoring plans. MAROS optimizes an existing ground water monitoring program using both temporal and spatial data analyses to determine the general monitoring system category and the locations and frequency of sampling for future compliance monitoring at the site. The objective of the MAROS optimization is to minimize monitoring locations in the sampling network and reduce sampling frequency without significant loss of information, ensuring adequate future characterization of the contaminant plume. The interpretive trend analysis approach recommends the general monitoring system category for a site based on plume stability and site-specific hydrogeologic information. Plume stability is characterized using primary lines of evidence (i.e., Mann-Kendall analysis and linear regression analysis) based on concentration trends, and secondary lines of evidence based on modeling results and empirical data. The sampling optimization approach, consisting of a two-dimensional spatial sampling reduction method (Delaunay method) and a temporal sampling analysis method (Modified CES method), provides detailed sampling location and frequency results. The Delaunay method is designed to identify and eliminate redundant sampling locations without causing significant information loss in characterizing the plume. The Modified CES method determines the optimal sampling frequency for a sampling location based on the direction, magnitude, and uncertainty in its concentration trend. MAROS addresses a variety of ground water contaminants (fuels, solvents, and metals), allows import of various data formats, and is designed for continual modification of long-term monitoring plans as the plume or site conditions change over time.  相似文献   

利用MODIS大气廓线产品计算空气相对湿度的方法研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

彭光雄  李京  陈云浩  NORIZAN Abdul Patah 《热带气象学报》2007,23(6):611-616

森林火灾遍及全球，损失巨大。火险天气指数（FWI）是森林火灾预警和管理的有效工具。相对湿度（RH）是计算天气火险指数一个非常重要的参数。然而，由插值方法得到的RH在远离气象站点的地方往往存在很大的误差。因此，尝试利用MODIS遥感数据计算基于像元的高分辨率RH。MODIS的MOD07大气廓线产品，可以提供大气可降水量和地表气温数据。基于地面水汽压和大气可降水量的经验关系，利用MODIS数据计算了地表空气的相对湿度，平均绝对误差小于5％。结果表明，利用MODIS数据能简单而有效地计算地表空气的相对湿度，拓展了遥感技术在森林火险管理中的应用。  相似文献   

Laboratory modelling of shear behaviour of soft joints under constant normal stiffness conditions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

B. Indraratna  A. Haque  N. Aziz 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1998,16(1):17-44

Shear behaviour of regular sawtooth rock joints produced from casting plaster are investigated under constant normal stiffness (CNS) conditions. Test results obtained in this investigation are also compared with the constant normal load (CNL) tests. It is observed that the peak shear stress obtained under CNL conditions always underestimates the peak shear stress corresponding to the CNS condition. Plots of shear stress against normal stress show that a nonlinear (curved) strength envelope is acceptable for soft rock joints subjected to a CNS condition, in comparison with the linear or bilinear envelopes often proposed for a CNL condition. Models proposed by Patton (1966) and Barton (1973) have also been considered for the predictions of peak shear stress of soft joints under CNS conditions. Although Patton's model is appropriate for low asperity angles, it overestimates the shear strength in the low to medium normal stress range at higher asperity angles. In contrast, while Barton's model is realistic for the CNL condition, it seems to be inappropriate for modelling the shear behaviour of soft joints under CNS conditions. The effect of infill material on the shear behaviour of the model joints is also investigated, and it is found that a small thickness of bentonite infill reduces the peak stress significantly. The peak shear stress almost approached that of the shear strength of infill when the infill thickness to asperity height ratio (t/a) reached 1.40. This paper also introduces an original, empirical shear strength envelope to account for the change in normal stress and surface degradation during CNS shearing. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998  相似文献   

Amplitudes of long-period PcP and the core-mantle boundary     

Gerhard Müller  Abdel Hafiz Mula  Søren Gregersen 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1977,14(1):30-40

The amplitudes of the core reflection PcP are sensitive to the wave velocities and densities in the neighborhood of the core-mantle boundary (CMB). We study the amplitude ratio of the long-period phases PcP and P from two South American deep-focus earthquakes with favorable fault-plane solution, depth and magnitude, as recorded by WWNSS and CSN stations in North America.Comparison is made with long-period PcP/P amplitude ratios, derived from theoretical seismograms for a variety of CMB models. Models from previous studies, which were mainly derived from short-period PcP observations and which are characterized by discrete layers above the CMB, are almost all inconsistent with the long-period data. The data also discriminate against low nonzero S velocities below the CMB. Simple first-order-discontinuity models of the CMB, for instance according to the Jeffreys-Bullen earth model or according to recent models based mainly on free oscillations, explain the data reasonably well.Model improvements are attempted by varying the P-velocity gradient above the CMB. The best amplitude fit is obtained for a rather strong decrease in P velocity with depth in this zone which, however, gives no acceptable traveltime fit for PcP. The scatter in body-wave amplitudes is considerable even for long-period waves and may prevent the correct assessment of that part of the amplitude variation of a phase with distance that is due to the variation of velocities and densities with depth alone.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the fishery status for King Soldier Bream Argyrops spinifer in Pakistan using the software CEDA and ASPIC     

刘群 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2015,33(4):966-973

Catch and effort data were analyzed to estimate the maximum sustainable yield(MSY) of King Soldier Bream, Argyrops spinifer(Forssk?l, 1775, Family: Sparidae), and to evaluate the present status of the fish stocks exploited in Pakistani waters. The catch and effort data for the 25-years period 1985–2009 were analyzed using two computer software packages, CEDA(catch and effort data analysis) and ASPIC(a surplus production model incorporating covariates). The maximum catch of 3 458 t was observed in 1988 and the minimum catch of 1 324 t in 2005, while the average annual catch of A. spinifer over the 25 years was 2 500 t. The surplus production models of Fox, Schaefer, and Pella Tomlinson under three error assumptions of normal, log-normal and gamma are in the CEDA package and the two surplus models of Fox and logistic are in the ASPIC package. In CEDA, the MSY was estimated by applying the initial proportion(IP) of 0.8, because the starting catch was approximately 80% of the maximum catch. Except for gamma, because gamma showed maximization failures, the estimated results of MSY using CEDA with the Fox surplus production model and two error assumptions, were 1 692.08 t(R 2 =0.572) and 1 694.09 t( R 2 =0.606), respectively, and from the Schaefer and the Pella Tomlinson models with two error assumptions were 2 390.95 t( R 2 =0.563), and 2 380.06 t( R 2 =0.605), respectively. The MSY estimated by the Fox model was conservatively compared to the Schaefer and Pella Tomlinson models. The MSY values from Schaefer and Pella Tomlinson models were the same. The computed values of MSY using the ASPIC computer software program with the two surplus production models of Fox and logistic were 1 498 t(R 2 =0.917), and 2 488 t( R 2 =0.897) respectively. The estimated values of MSY using CEDA were about 1 700–2 400 t and the values from ASPIC were 1 500–2 500 t. The estimates output by the CEDA and the ASPIC packages indicate that the stock is overfished, and needs some effective management to reduce the fishing effort of the species in Pakistani waters.  相似文献   

Generalized cosmic Chaplygin gas inspired intermediate standard scalar field inflation     

Abdul Jawad  Shamaila Rani  Sidra Mohsaneen 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2016,361(8):268

  相似文献