CAPTAIN BRITAIN AND THE NARRATION OF NATION*     

JASON DITTMER 《Geographical review》2011,101(1):71-87

Captain Britain Weekly (1976–1977) was the first comic book specially created for the British market by New York‐based Marvel Comics. The title character was created as an analogue to Captain America, the legendary American nationalist hero of the so‐named comic book, but with key differences meant to resonate in the British context. I utilize visual and textual discourse analysis to study the narrative and imagery used to introduce this character to British comics fans, and I discuss readers' letters to the editor to evaluate audience response to the character and story lines. Attention is drawn to the hero's origin, which fuses science and magic to construct a paradoxically primordial, yet modern, British identity. Villains in these story lines provide hints about “un‐British” behavior and provide lessons for young readers, with direct moral connections to, and contrasts with, the narratives found in Captain America.  相似文献   

Evidence of aeolian sediment transport across an Ammophila arenaria‐dominated foredune,Mason Bay,Stewart Island     

Philip S. Petersen  Michael J. Hilton  Sarah J. Wakes 《New Zealand geographer》2011,67(3):174-189

Aeolian sedimentation across an Ammophila arenaria‐dominated foredune was assessed for eight months using sand traps. This research aimed to ascertain if such foredunes act as a barrier to transport between beaches and hinterland dune systems. At Mason Bay, sand was transported across the foredune at rates of up to 10 kg.hour^?1per 100 m length of coast at wind velocities of 31 m.s^?1. Results were compared with computational fluid dynamics modelled airflows and foredune volume changes. Saltation was important for up to 17 m past the stoss face. Rates of transport were well short of rates of volume gain. Approximately 2% or less of stoss face suspended sediment transport reached the hinterland. The foredune is primarily a sand sink.  相似文献   

Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2003   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

P. K. Seidelmann  B. A. Archinal  M. F. A’Hearn  D. P. Cruikshank  J. L. Hilton  H. U. Keller  J. Oberst  J. L. Simon  P. Stooke  D. J. Tholen  P. C. Thomas 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2005,91(3-4):203-215

Every three years the IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements revises tables giving the directions of the north poles of rotation and the prime meridians of the planets, satellites, and asteroids. This report introduces a system of cartographic coordinates for asteroids and comets. A topographic reference surface for Mars is recommended. Tables for the rotational elements of the planets and satellites and size and shape of the planets and satellites are not included, since there were no changes to the values. They are available in the previous report (Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron., 82, 83–110, 2002), a version of which is also available on a web site.  相似文献   

Erosion-driven drawdown of atmospheric carbon dioxide: The organic pathway     

Niels Hovius  Albert Galy  Robert G. Hilton  Robert Sparkes  Joanne Smith  Kao Shuh-Ji  Chen Hongey  Lin In-Tian  A. Joshua West 《Applied Geochemistry》2011

Rapidly eroding, coastal mountain belts, where steep rivers and submarine channels connect upland sources to nearby marine sinks are hotspots of organic carbon transfer from life biomass, soil and exhumed bedrock into geological storage. Using observations from the Southern Alps of New Zealand, and Taiwan, we have mapped this organic pathway to geological carbon sequestration, and can evaluate the magnitude and efficiency of transfers between sources and sinks. We demonstrate that POC is harvested by landsliding, but importantly also by common and widespread surface runoff on steep hillslopes. Although terrestrially sourced POC is found in many sedimentary environments associated with mountain belts and frontier basins, it appears to be most abundantly trapped and preserved in marine turbidites. The loss of all forms of POC in onward transport through short, steep routing systems to this repository is limited. This is in marked contrast to larger routing systems, in which only the most resilient forms of POC survive into long-term deposition.  相似文献   

The Multiple Continuum Components in the White-Light Flare of 16 January 2009 on the dM4.5e Star YZ CMi     

A. F. Kowalski  S. L. Hawley  J. A. Holtzman  J. P. Wisniewski  E. J. Hilton 《Solar physics》2012,277(1):21-29

The white light during M dwarf flares has long been known to exhibit the broadband shape of a T≈10 000 K blackbody, and the white light in solar-flares is thought to arise primarily from hydrogen recombination. Yet, a current lack of broad-wavelength coverage solar flare spectra in the optical/near-UV region prohibits a direct comparison of the continuum properties to determine if they are indeed so different. New spectroscopic observations of a secondary flare during the decay of a megaflare on the dM4.5e star YZ CMi have revealed multiple components in the white-light continuum of stellar flares, including both a blackbody-like spectrum and a hydrogen-recombination spectrum. One of the most surprising findings is that these two components are anti-correlated in their temporal evolution. We combine initial phenomenological modeling of the continuum components with spectra from radiative hydrodynamic models to show that continuum veiling causes the measured anti-correlation. This modeling allows us to use the components’ inferred properties to predict how a similar spatially resolved, multiple-component, white-light continuum might appear using analogies to several solar-flare phenomena. We also compare the properties of the optical stellar flare white light to Ellerman bombs on the Sun.  相似文献   

Gum rosin-acetone system as an analogue to the degassing behaviour of hydrated magmas     

J. C. Phillips  S. J. Lane  A. -M. Lejeune  M. Hilton 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1995,57(4):263-268

Solutions of gum rosin and acetone reproduce the volatile- and temperature-dependent viscosity, together with the phase behaviour, of hydrated magmas. A range of experimental exsolution conditions was investigated, including the variation of supersaturation, rate of decompression, solution temperature and volatile content. Degassing processese were controlled by the formation of an exsolution interface above a supersaturated liquid. The end-products ranged from a mildly degassed liquid to a solid foam, which preserved strained vesicles. Solutions of gum rosin and acetone are proposed as a suitable analogue system with which to study magma degassing processes.  相似文献   

Helium–carbon relationships in geothermal fluids of western Anatolia,Turkey     

Halim Mutlu  Nilgün Güleç  David R. Hilton 《Chemical Geology》2008,247(1-2):305-321

We investigate the helium, carbon and oxygen–hydrogen isotopic systematics and CO₂/³He ratios of 8 water and 6 gas samples collected from 12 geothermal fields in western Anatolia (Turkey). ³He/⁴He ratios of the samples (R) normalized to the atmospheric ³He/⁴He ratio (R_A = 1.39 × 10^? 6) range from 0.27 to 1.67 and are significantly higher than the crustal production value of 0.05. Fluids with relatively high R / R_A values are generally found in areas of significant heat potential (K?z?ldere and Tuzla fields). CO₂/³He ratios of the samples, ranging from 1.6 × 10⁹ to 2.3 × 10¹⁴, display significant variation and are mostly higher than values typical of an upper mantle source (2 × 10⁹). The δ¹³C (CO₂) and δ¹³C (CH₄) values of all fluids vary from ? 8.04 to + 0.35‰ and ? 25.80 to ? 23.92‰ (vs. PDB), respectively. Stable isotope values (δ¹⁸O–δD) of the geothermal waters are conformable with the Mediterranean Meteoric Water Line and indicate a meteoric origin. The temperatures calculated by gas geothermometry are significantly higher than estimates from chemical geothermometers, implying that either equilibrium has not been attained for the isotope exchange reaction or that isotopic equilibration was disturbed due to gas additions en route to the surface.Evaluation of He–CO₂ abundances indicates that hydrothermal degassing and calcite precipitation (controlled probably by adiabatic cooling due to degassing) significantly fractionate the elemental ratio (CO₂/³He) in geothermal waters. Such processes do not affect gas phase samples to anywhere near the same extent. For the gas samples, mixing between mantle and various crustal sources appears to be the main control on the observed He–C systematics: however, crustal inputs dominate the CO₂ inventory. Considering that limestone is the main source of carbon (～ 70 to 97% of the total carbon inventory), the carbon flux from the crust is found to be at least 20 times that from the mantle. As to the He-inventory, the mantle-derived component is found to vary up to 21% of the total He content and is probably transferred to the crust by fluids degassed from deep mantle melts generated in association with the elevated geotherm and adiabatic melting accompanying current extension. The range of ³He/enthalpy ratios (0.000032 to 0.19 × 10^? 12 cm³ STP/J) of fluids in western Anatolia is consistent with the release of both helium and heat from contemporary additions of mantle-derived magmas to the crust. The deep faults appear to have facilitated the deep circulation of the fluids and the transport of mantle volatiles and heat to the surface.  相似文献   

Foreword to this Special Issue of “Ore Geology Reviews”     

Hilton Ingram 《Ore Geology Reviews》2008,34(1-2)

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Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2015     

B. A. Archinal  C. H. Acton  M. F. A’Hearn  A. Conrad  G. J. Consolmagno  T. Duxbury  D. Hestroffer  J. L. Hilton  R. L. Kirk  S. A. Klioner  D. McCarthy  K. Meech  J. Oberst  J. Ping  P. K. Seidelmann  D. J. Tholen  P. C. Thomas  I. P. Williams 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2018,130(3):22

This report continues the practice where the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements revises recommendations regarding those topics for the planets, satellites, minor planets, and comets approximately every 3 years. The Working Group has now become a “functional working group” of the IAU, and its membership is open to anyone interested in participating. We describe the procedure for submitting questions about the recommendations given here or the application of these recommendations for creating a new or updated coordinate system for a given body. Regarding body orientation, the following bodies have been updated: Mercury, based on MESSENGER results; Mars, along with a refined longitude definition; Phobos; Deimos; (1) Ceres; (52) Europa; (243) Ida; (2867) ?teins; Neptune; (134340) Pluto and its satellite Charon; comets 9P/Tempel 1, 19P/Borrelly, 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, and 103P/Hartley 2, noting that such information is valid only between specific epochs. The special challenges related to mapping 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko are also discussed. Approximate expressions for the Earth have been removed in order to avoid confusion, and the low precision series expression for the Moon’s orientation has been removed. The previously online only recommended orientation model for (4) Vesta is repeated with an explanation of how it was updated. Regarding body shape, text has been included to explain the expected uses of such information, and the relevance of the cited uncertainty information. The size of the Sun has been updated, and notation added that the size and the ellipsoidal axes for the Earth and Jupiter have been recommended by an IAU Resolution. The distinction of a reference radius for a body (here, the Moon and Titan) is made between cartographic uses, and for orthoprojection and geophysical uses. The recommended radius for Mercury has been updated based on MESSENGER results. The recommended radius for Titan is returned to its previous value. Size information has been updated for 13 other Saturnian satellites and added for Aegaeon. The sizes of Pluto and Charon have been updated. Size information has been updated for (1) Ceres and given for (16) Psyche and (52) Europa. The size of (25143) Itokawa has been corrected. In addition, the discussion of terminology for the poles (hemispheres) of small bodies has been modified and a discussion on cardinal directions added. Although they continue to be used for planets and their satellites, it is assumed that the planetographic and planetocentric coordinate system definitions do not apply to small bodies. However, planetocentric and planetodetic latitudes and longitudes may be used on such bodies, following the right-hand rule. We repeat our previous recommendations that planning and efforts be made to make controlled cartographic products; newly recommend that common formulations should be used for orientation and size; continue to recommend that a community consensus be developed for the orientation models of Jupiter and Saturn; newly recommend that historical summaries of the coordinate systems for given bodies should be developed, and point out that for planets and satellites planetographic systems have generally been historically preferred over planetocentric systems, and that in cases when planetographic coordinates have been widely used in the past, there is no obvious advantage to switching to the use of planetocentric coordinates. The Working Group also requests community input on the question submitting process, posting of updates to the Working Group website, and on whether recommendations should be made regarding exoplanet coordinate systems.  相似文献   

Spatial aspects of MRSA epidemiology: a case study using stochastic simulation,kernel estimation and SaTScan     

L. Bastin  J. Rollason  A. Hilton  C. Corcoran  J. Elgy 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(7):811-836

The identification of disease clusters in space or space–time is of vital importance for public health policy and action. In the case of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), it is particularly important to distinguish between community and health care‐associated infections, and to identify reservoirs of infection. 832 cases of MRSA in the West Midlands (UK) were tested for clustering and evidence of community transmission, after being geo‐located to the centroids of UK unit postcodes (postal areas roughly equivalent to Zip+4 zip code areas). An age‐stratified analysis was also carried out at the coarser spatial resolution of UK Census Output Areas. Stochastic simulation and kernel density estimation were combined to identify significant local clusters of MRSA (p<0.025), which were supported by SaTScan spatial and spatio‐temporal scan. In order to investigate local sampling effort, a spatial ‘random labelling’ approach was used, with MRSA as cases and MSSA (methicillin‐sensitive S. aureus) as controls. Heavy sampling in general was a response to MRSA outbreaks, which in turn appeared to be associated with medical care environments. The significance of clusters identified by kernel estimation was independently supported by information on the locations and client groups of nursing homes, and by preliminary molecular typing of isolates. In the absence of occupational/lifestyle data on patients, the assumption was made that an individual's location and consequent risk is adequately represented by their residential postcode. The problems of this assumption are discussed, with recommendations for future data collection.  相似文献