Antifouling activity of commercial biocides vs. natural and natural-derived products assessed by marine bacteria adhesion bioassay     

Camps M  Briand JF  Guentas-Dombrowsky L  Culioli G  Bazire A  Blache Y 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(5):1032-6755

Biofilm formation is a key step during marine biofouling, the natural colonization of immersed substrata, leading to major economic and ecological consequences. Consequently, bacteria have been used for the screening of new non-toxic antifoulants: the adhesion of five strains isolated on three French locations was monitored using a fluorescence-based assay and toxicity was also evaluated. Nine biocides including commercial, natural and natural-derived products were tested. The commercial antifoulants, TBTO and Sea Nine showed low EC₅₀ but high toxicity. The non-commercial products TFA-Z showed significant anti-adhesion activities and appeared to be non-toxic, suggesting a specific anti-adhesion mechanism. In addition, the strains could be classified depending on their sensitivity to the molecules used even if strain sensitivity also depended on the molecules tested. In conclusion, TFA-Z would be a promising candidate as non-toxic antifoulant and our results strengthen the need to perform antifouling bioassays with a panel of strains showing different response profiles.  相似文献   

Identification of the natural product 2,3,4,5-tetrabromo-1-methylpyrrole in Pacific biota, passive samplers and seagrass from Queensland, Australia     

Gaul S  Bendig P  Olbrich D  Rosenfelder N  Ruff P  Gaus C  Mueller JF  Vetter W 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(11):2463-2468

Halogenated natural products (HNPs) are frequently detected in marine organisms. High HNP concentrations have previously been found in marine mammals from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, including in the blubber of herbivorous dugongs (Dugong dugon). To identify the source of HNPs we initially focused on the analysis of Australian seagrass (Halophila ovalis) which serves as the principal food source for dugongs. GC/MS analysis of the seagrass indicated the presence of several organobromine compounds. One compound was identified as 2,3,4,5-tetrabromo-1-methylpyrrole (TBMP) by synthesis. Subsequent analysis of semipermeable membrane devices demonstrated that the photo-sensitive TBMP is widespread in the Great Barrier Reef (Queensland, Australia). The detection of larger TBMP concentrations in fish fillets from Chile and traces in mussels from New Zealand indicated that this potential HNP may be distributed throughout the Southern Pacific Ocean.  相似文献   

A cleaner river: long term use of semipermeable membrane devices demonstrate that concentrations of selected organochlorines and PAHs in the Brisbane River estuary, Queensland have reduced substantially over the past decade     

Mueller JF  Mortimer MR  O'Brien J  Komarova T  Carter S 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,63(5-12):73-76

We first used semipermeable membrane devices as samplers to evaluate concentrations of organochlorines and PAHs in the Brisbane River in 1998. Here we revisit this work and repeat the study a decade later in the same season (summer), also taking account of results from a similar study involving PAHs in the summer of 2001-2002. The accumulation of organochlorines and most PAHs in the samplers in the recent assessment was substantially less than in the 1998 deployment, suggesting that the ambient concentrations of these chemicals have decreased considerably over the last decade. In all cases there was high reproducibility of the mass of chemicals accumulated in the sampler. We used performance reference compounds in the later deployment, and assuming that the kinetics were similar in both deployment periods, we estimate that the concentration of dieldrin, the organochlorine found at highest concentrations, decreased from approximately 3.9 ng/L to about 1.4 ng/L. The decrease of most other analytes of interest including DDE and DDD was greater, potentially indicating that dieldrin is still entering the Brisbane River through run-off from urban areas where it was used widely for treatment of termites until 1995. DDT use in Australia ceased in the mid 1980s.  相似文献   

一种网络空间数据发布与在线处理平台的设计与实现     

周玉科  周成虎  陈荣国  张明波  陈应东 《地球信息科学学报》2011,13(4):486-491

本文讨论了一种负载均衡的Web空间数据发布和地理分析平台的实现(LreisServer),并通过不同的数据源对其性能进行测试.该平台遵循OGC服务标准,并已实现WMS,WFS,GMI,规范.本文从互操作的角度论述了WMS,WFS,GML扩展模块的实现细节.系统后端采用PostGIS为空间数据库,依靠其强大的矢量栅格空间...  相似文献   

墨西哥瓜达卢佩岛GPS定位的重力测量     

Genr.  JF 孙鸿雁 《物探化探译丛》1993,(6):33-38

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剩余重力异常源深度的确定和填图     

Belt.  JF 孙德梅 《国外矿床地质》1994,(2):62-73

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冲断层状态下重力驱动的正断层活动与构造反转     

Gamo.  JF 彭斯震 《地震地质译丛》1995,17(1):18-25

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Linux环境下的GIS基础平台研发     

陆锋  程昌秀  张明波  李伟  丁善镜  涂平 《地理信息世界》2003,1(6):12-17

基于Unix／Linux的GIS基础平台是目前国内GIS业界一个全新的研发领域。在此详细介绍了完全基于Unix／Linux环境研发的GIS基础平台的结构和特点,包括系统总体结构、跨操作系统平台的空间数据库引擎和管理系统、基于Linux的空间操作与应用服务平台、基于CORBA的跨操作系统的分布式协同控制环境、基于Linux的客户端操作环境和基于Java的元数据库管理系统等内容,阐述了数据处理流程,讨论了Linux集成开发环境、CORBA中间件平台和数据库管理系统的集成开发方法,并简要介绍了支持系统二次开发的空间数据管理API的功能特色。  相似文献   

Distribution of silver in mussels and oysters along the French coasts: data from the national monitoring program     

Chiffoleau JF  Auger D  Roux N  Rozuel E  Santini A 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(12):1719-1723

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Geochemical imaging of flow near an artificial recharge facility, Orange County, California   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Clark JF  Hudson GB  Davisson ML  Woodside G  Herndon R 《Ground water》2004,42(2):167-174

Critical for the management of artificial recharge operations is detailed knowledge of ground water dynamics near spreading areas. Geochemical tracer techniques including stable isotopes of water, tritium/helium-3 (T/3He) dating, and deliberate gas tracer experiments are ideally suited for these investigations. These tracers were used to evaluate flow near an artificial recharge site in northern Orange County, California, where approximately 2.5 x 10(8) m3 (200,000 acre-feet) of water are recharged annually. T/3He ages show that most of the relatively shallow ground water within 3 km of the recharge facilities have apparent ages < 2 years; further downgradient apparent ages increase, reaching > 20 years at approximately 6 km. Gas tracer experiments using sulfur hexafluoride and xenon isotopes were conducted from the Santa Ana River and two spreading basins. These tracers were followed in the ground water for more than two years, allowing subsurface flow patterns and flow times to be quantified. Results demonstrate that mean horizontal ground water velocities range from < 1 to > 4 km/year. The leading edges of the tracer patch moved at velocities about twice as fast as the center of mass. Leading edge velocities are important when considering the potential transport of microbes and other "time sensitive" contaminants and cannot be determined easily with other methods. T/3He apparent ages and tracer travel times agreed within the analytical uncertainty at 16 of 19 narrow screened monitoring wells. By combining these techniques, ground water flow was imaged with time scales on the order of weeks to decades.  相似文献