法国业务预报系统EMERAUDE和PERIDOT中表层预报变量的初始化     

JF.Geleyn  J.Coiffier  J.Hoffman  荆艳琴 《海洋预报》1988,(Z1)

一、前 言 过去,大多把注意力都集中于大气预报变量的资料同化问题上,虽然,在这一方面仍有大量需要改进的问题。但是,人们越来越广泛地认识到地表面预报变量(表面温度,土壤水分含量和雪的厚度)在预报模式的建立和预报产品的解释中都起着重要作用。然而,对这些变量如何初始化的问题比较缺乏兴趣,这是令人非常吃惊的。对于这一情况有许多解释:期待改进仍然是相当有限的;通常用于全球范围的这些量没有直接的测量;模式对控制地表面变量演变的物理过程采用非常简化的参数等等。 不过,当我们设计新的预报系统“EMERAUDE”和“PERIDOT”的时候,我们决定采用新的、可靠的和简单的方法,但不是处理这一问题的一般的方法,下面将用一些结果来描述这一方法。  相似文献   

Biochemical and histological responses in mussel (Mytilus edulis) exposed to North Sea oil and to a mixture of North Sea oil and alkylphenols     

Aarab N  Minier C  Lemaire S  Unruh E  Hansen PD  Larsen BK  Andersen OK  Narbonne JF 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):437-441

Several environmental chemicals are suspected to be responsible for adverse health effects on the reproductive system in various organisms. During this work, environmentally relevant concentrations of North Sea oil were used alone or in combination with alkylphenols and additional PAH to study the effect on vitellogenin-like protein expression and gonadal development in mussels. North Sea oil (0.5 ppm) induced the expression of phospho-proteins in both sexes indicating that some compounds are oestrogen-mimics. This induction was not seen in samples dosed with the mixture but signs of toxic effects were observed in the gonads. Indeed, numerous degenerating ovarian follicles in females and foci, similar to vertebrate melanomacrophage centres, were observed in testes.  相似文献   

Water column monitoring near oil installations in the North Sea 2001-2004     

Hylland K  Tollefsen KE  Ruus A  Jonsson G  Sundt RC  Sanni S  Røe Utvik TI  Johnsen S  Nilssen I  Pinturier L  Balk L  Barsiene J  Marigòmez I  Feist SW  Børseth JF 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(3):414-429

Fisheries have been vital to coastal communities around the North Sea for centuries, but this semi-enclosed sea also receives large amounts of waste. It is therefore important to monitor and control inputs of contaminants into the North Sea. Inputs of effluents from offshore oil and gas production platforms (produced water) in the Norwegian sector have been monitored through an integrated chemical and biological effects programme since 2001. The programme has used caged Atlantic cod and blue mussels. PAH tissue residues in blue mussels and PAH bile metabolites in cod have confirmed exposure to effluents, but there was variation between years. Results for a range of biological effects methods reflected exposure gradients and indicated that exposure levels were low and caused minor environmental impact at the deployment locations. There is a need to develop methods that are sufficiently sensitive to components in produced water at levels found in marine ecosystems.  相似文献   

这个菜园为何引起了习总书记的注意     

邹元坑  张建华 《国土资源》2019,(6)

<正>近日,习近平总书记在赣南老区考察调研时,专程来到于都县梓山富硒蔬菜产业园视察。其中有个镜头让在场的人们留下了深刻的印象:从富硒蔬菜产业园出来,习近平总书记登车准备离开,车门即将关闭时,他向驾驶员示意先不要关门,转头和车外的大伙说,这里有丰富的富硒土壤资源,一定要打好这个品牌,让富硒农产品在市场上更加畅销。  相似文献   

Antifouling activity of commercial biocides vs. natural and natural-derived products assessed by marine bacteria adhesion bioassay     

Camps M  Briand JF  Guentas-Dombrowsky L  Culioli G  Bazire A  Blache Y 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(5):1032-6755

Biofilm formation is a key step during marine biofouling, the natural colonization of immersed substrata, leading to major economic and ecological consequences. Consequently, bacteria have been used for the screening of new non-toxic antifoulants: the adhesion of five strains isolated on three French locations was monitored using a fluorescence-based assay and toxicity was also evaluated. Nine biocides including commercial, natural and natural-derived products were tested. The commercial antifoulants, TBTO and Sea Nine showed low EC₅₀ but high toxicity. The non-commercial products TFA-Z showed significant anti-adhesion activities and appeared to be non-toxic, suggesting a specific anti-adhesion mechanism. In addition, the strains could be classified depending on their sensitivity to the molecules used even if strain sensitivity also depended on the molecules tested. In conclusion, TFA-Z would be a promising candidate as non-toxic antifoulant and our results strengthen the need to perform antifouling bioassays with a panel of strains showing different response profiles.  相似文献   

A cleaner river: long term use of semipermeable membrane devices demonstrate that concentrations of selected organochlorines and PAHs in the Brisbane River estuary, Queensland have reduced substantially over the past decade     

Mueller JF  Mortimer MR  O'Brien J  Komarova T  Carter S 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,63(5-12):73-76

We first used semipermeable membrane devices as samplers to evaluate concentrations of organochlorines and PAHs in the Brisbane River in 1998. Here we revisit this work and repeat the study a decade later in the same season (summer), also taking account of results from a similar study involving PAHs in the summer of 2001-2002. The accumulation of organochlorines and most PAHs in the samplers in the recent assessment was substantially less than in the 1998 deployment, suggesting that the ambient concentrations of these chemicals have decreased considerably over the last decade. In all cases there was high reproducibility of the mass of chemicals accumulated in the sampler. We used performance reference compounds in the later deployment, and assuming that the kinetics were similar in both deployment periods, we estimate that the concentration of dieldrin, the organochlorine found at highest concentrations, decreased from approximately 3.9 ng/L to about 1.4 ng/L. The decrease of most other analytes of interest including DDE and DDD was greater, potentially indicating that dieldrin is still entering the Brisbane River through run-off from urban areas where it was used widely for treatment of termites until 1995. DDT use in Australia ceased in the mid 1980s.  相似文献   

Identification of the natural product 2,3,4,5-tetrabromo-1-methylpyrrole in Pacific biota, passive samplers and seagrass from Queensland, Australia     

Gaul S  Bendig P  Olbrich D  Rosenfelder N  Ruff P  Gaus C  Mueller JF  Vetter W 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(11):2463-2468

Halogenated natural products (HNPs) are frequently detected in marine organisms. High HNP concentrations have previously been found in marine mammals from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, including in the blubber of herbivorous dugongs (Dugong dugon). To identify the source of HNPs we initially focused on the analysis of Australian seagrass (Halophila ovalis) which serves as the principal food source for dugongs. GC/MS analysis of the seagrass indicated the presence of several organobromine compounds. One compound was identified as 2,3,4,5-tetrabromo-1-methylpyrrole (TBMP) by synthesis. Subsequent analysis of semipermeable membrane devices demonstrated that the photo-sensitive TBMP is widespread in the Great Barrier Reef (Queensland, Australia). The detection of larger TBMP concentrations in fish fillets from Chile and traces in mussels from New Zealand indicated that this potential HNP may be distributed throughout the Southern Pacific Ocean.  相似文献   

Systematic study of effects of pH and ionic strength on attachment of phage PRD1     

Sadeghi G  Schijven JF  Behrends T  Hassanizadeh SM  Gerritse J  Kleingeld PJ 《Ground water》2011,49(1):12-19

Objectives of this work are to investigate effects of pH and ionic strength (IS) on virus transport in saturated soil and to develop a quantitative relationship for these effects. A series of 50-cm column experiments with clean quartz sand under saturated conditions and with pH values of 5, 6, 7, 8, and IS values of 1, 10, and 20 mM were conducted. Bacteriophage PRD1 was used as a model virus. Applying a one-site kinetic model, attachment, detachment, and inactivation rate coefficients were determined from fitting breakthrough curves using the software package Hydrus-1D. Attachment rate coefficients increased with decreasing pH and increasing IS, in agreement with DLVO theory. Sticking efficiencies were calculated from the attachment rate coefficients and used to develop an empirical formula for sticking efficiency as a function of pH and IS. This relationship is applicable under unfavorable conditions for virus attachment. We compared sticking efficiencies predicted by the empirical formula with those from field and column experiments. Within the calibrated range of pH and IS, the predicted and observed sticking efficiencies are in reasonable agreement for bacteriophages PRD1 and MS2. However, the formula significantly overestimates sticking efficiencies for IS higher than 100 mM. In addition, it performs less well for viruses with different surface reactivity than PRD1 and MS2. Effects of pH and IS on detachment and inactivation rate coefficients were also investigated but the experimental results do not allow constraining these parameters with sufficient certainty.  相似文献   

墨西哥瓜达卢佩岛GPS定位的重力测量     

Genr.  JF 孙鸿雁 《物探化探译丛》1993,(6):33-38

  相似文献   

剩余重力异常源深度的确定和填图     

Belt.  JF 孙德梅 《国外矿床地质》1994,(2):62-73

  相似文献