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81.
82.
哈勒派印第安人居住地位于亚利桑那北部科罗拉多高原的西南角。成千上万的溶蚀塌陷角砾岩筒出露在山谷及亚利桑那北部各高原。岩筒始于早石炭系的红墙灰岩,向上结束于更晚的古生代地层,局部延伸到三叠系的莫因科皮和钦纳尔组岩石中。高品位铀矿床的产出及一些岩筒中的伴生的Ag、Pb、Zn、Cu、Co、Ni等副产品富集,促进了亚利桑那北部的探矿和采矿活动,尽管其中许多金属的销售市场现在已处于萧条时期。过去的三年中、有关哈勒派印第安人居住地的900多个确凿的和有疑问的角砾岩筒已编制成图。虽然角砾岩筒在峡谷区易确认,在那里岩筒的垂直面暴露在外,但亚利桑那北部的大片区域处在未遭受切割的高原中。在这些高原区岩筒的确认特别重要,因为高原区的矿床开采比峡谷区更易进行,大面积覆盖的砂岩为矿液沉淀矿提供了更多的场所。在这些毗连的高原上,浅构造盆地常常在角砾岩筒上方的地表出现。我们选择亚利桑耶哈勒派印第安人居住地拉欣纳尔坦克地区(National Tank area)来介绍这些高原上密布的塌陷地貌(怀疑是角砾岩筒)的情况。因为这些地区大部分被土壤覆盖仅有少量的岩石露头,所以采用土壤地球化学测量、土壤氦气测量,蜡样芽孢杆菌和地球物理测量等方法来评价塌陷地貌是角砾岩筒而不是更浅根基的溶解地貌的可能性大小。在拉欣纳尔坦克地区圆形的侵蚀图案和植被变化是塌陷地貌仅可见的痕迹。该区25个塌陷地貌被制成图并进行了描述;在它们当中,534、569和570这三个塌陷地貌可能最有希望成为矿化角砾岩筒。 相似文献
84.
Methods are described for continuous monitoring of signals required for precise analyses of 13C, 18O, and 15N in gas streams containing varying quantities of CO2 and N2. The quantitative resolution (i.e. maximum performance in the absence of random errors) of these methods is adequate for determination of isotope ratios with an uncertainty of one part in 10(5); the precision actually obtained is often better than one part in 10(4). This report describes data-processing operations including definition of beginning and ending points of chromatographic peaks and quantitation of background levels, allowance for effects of chromatographic separation of isotopically substituted species, integration of signals related to specific masses, correction for effects of mass discrimination, recognition of drifts in mass spectrometer performance, and calculation of isotopic delta values. Characteristics of a system allowing off-line revision of parameters used in data reduction are described and an algorithm for identification of background levels in complex chromatograms is outlined. Effects of imperfect chromatographic resolution are demonstrated and discussed and an approach to deconvolution of signals from coeluting substances described. 相似文献
85.
86.
da Rosa CE de Souza MS Yunes JS Proença LA Nery LE Monserrat JM 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(9):956-964
In January of 2003, a cyanobacterial bloom in the Patos' Lagoon (Southern Brazil) (32 degrees 05'S-52 degrees 12'W) was observed. Water samples were taken to identify the composition and abundance of the bloom, as well as the occurrence of toxins. The effects of this occurrence on the estuarine worm Laeonereis acuta (Polychaeta, Nereididae) was also evaluated. Predominance of cyanobacteria, particularly Anabaena trichomes ( approximately 2.5.10(6) individuals per liter) was observed, and low concentrations of microcystins and anticholinesterasic toxins were detected. Augmented levels of lipid hydroperoxides (LPO) and glutathione-S-transferase activity, and lowering of total protein content were also observed in organisms collected during the bloom event. Although non-toxic, the cyanobacterial bloom could augment the cycle of hyper-oxygenation and hypoxia in the water. During hyperoxia, L. acuta, an oxyconformer, should consume more oxygen, thus augmenting the rate of reactive oxygen species generation. A repeated cycle of hyper-oxygenation and hypoxia would finally induce oxidative stress, as evidenced by the high levels of LPO and glutathione-S-transferase activity. 相似文献
87.
Fate and effects of picric acid and 2,6-DNT in marine environments: toxicity of degradation products
The toxicity of transformation products of 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid) were assessed in spiked sandy and fine-grained marine sediments and in seawater. Toxicity of pore water from sediments spiked with 2,6-DNT decreased for the macro-alga, Ulva fasciata, zoospores as biotransformation proceeded, but increased for the copepod, Schizopera knabeni, nauplii. The primary biotransformation product of 2,6-DNT, 2-amino-6-nitrotoluene, was also more toxic than the parent compound to copepod nauplii, but not to alga zoospores, in spiked seawater tests. Two biotransformation products of picric acid, picramic acid and 2,4-DNP, were more toxic than their parent compound. Porewater toxicity from picric acid-spiked sediments decreased significantly at the end of six-months incubation. Fine-grained sediment spiked with either ordnance compound had lower toxicity than its sandy counterpart after six months, suggesting faster microbial transformation in the former and production of less toxic products. Photo-transformation of 2,6-DNT in seawater resulted in a reduction in toxicity. 相似文献
88.
89.
Peris-Mora E Diez Orejas JM Subirats A Ibáñez S Alvarez P 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(12):1649-1660
The 1998 project ECOPORT, “Towards A Sustainable Transport Network”, developed by the Valencia Port Authority (VPA), established the bases for implementing an Environmental Management System (EMS) in industrial harbours. The use of data and information shall always be required to develop an efficient EMS. The objective of the present research (INDAPORT) study is to propose a system of sustainable environmental management indicators to be used by any port authorities. All activities performed within a port area are analysed for any potential environmental impacts and risks.
An environmental analysis of port activities has been carried out with the objective of designing the indicators system. Twenty-one corresponding activities have been identified for large industrial ports. Subsequently, the same methodology developed to date will be later applied to other Spanish and European ports. The study has been developed by using an original system and a methodology, which simultaneously use stage diagrams and systemic models (material and energy flow charts). Multi-criteria analysis techniques were used to evaluate potential impacts (identification of factors and evaluation of impacts). 相似文献
90.
Toxicological and chemical studies were performed with a silty and a sandy marine sediment spiked with 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT), 2,4,6-trinitrophenylmethylnitramine (tetryl), or 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid). Whole sediment toxicity was analyzed by the 10-day survival test with the amphipod Ampelisca abdita, and porewater toxicity tests assessed macro-algae (Ulva fasciata) zoospore germination and germling growth, sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) embryological development, and polychaete (Dinophilus gyrociliatus) survival and reproduction. Whole sediments spiked with 2,6-DNT were not toxic to amphipods. The fine-grained sediment spiked with tetryl was also not acutely toxic. The tetryl and picric acid LC50 values in the sandy sediment were 3.24 and 144 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. The fine-grained sediment spiked with picric acid generated a U-shaped concentration-response curve in the amphipod test, with increased survival both in the lowest and highest concentration. Grain-size distribution and organic carbon content strongly influenced the behavior of ordnance compounds in spiked sediments. Very low concentrations were measured in some of the treatments and irreversible binding and biodegradation are suggested as the processes responsible for the low measurements. Porewater toxicity varied with its sedimentary origin and with ordnance compound. The sea urchin embryological development test tended to be the least sensitive. Tetryl was the most toxic chemical in all porewater tests, and picric acid the least toxic. Samples spiked with 2,6-DNT contained a degradation product identified as 2-methyl-3-nitroaniline (also known as 2-amino-6-nitrotoluene), and unidentified peaks, possibly degradation products, were also seen in some of the picric acid- and tetryl-spiked samples. Degradation products may have played a role in observed toxicity. 相似文献