Calculating isotopic fractionation from atmospheric measurements at various scales   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

JOHN B. MILLER  PIETER P. TANS 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2003,55(2):207-214

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峨眉山大火成岩省中苦橄岩与其共生岩石的地球化学特征及其对源区的约束   总被引：34，自引：5，他引：34       下载免费PDF全文

张招崇  王福生  郝艳丽  JohnJ.Mahoney 《地质学报》2004,78(2):171-180

本文对在峨眉山玄武岩省中新发现的苦橄质岩石及其共生玄武岩的地球化学特征进行了研究,结果表明,除苦橄质岩石外,与其共生的玄武质岩石均属高Ti玄武岩。其主要元素特征与大多数大陆溢流玄武岩省相似,表现为高Fe_8、(CaO/Al_2O_3)_8和低Na_8,指示其形成压力高;其稀土和微量元素配分曲线相似,表现为轻稀土富集、高场强元素(HFSE)相对亏损,并且不存在Nb、Ta的负异常,而存在P和K的相对亏损。一些反映源区特征的比值,如La/Ta、La/Sm、(La/Nb)_(PM)、(Th/Ta)_(PM),Ta/Hf,Nb/Zr等,变化范围小,均指示了其地幔柱成因,且上升过程中很少或没有受到岩石圈地幔或地壳物质的混染,是石榴子石二辉橄榄岩在>75km时经大约7％的部分熔融的产物。而地幔柱的轴部位置可能位于现今云南丽江县城一带。  相似文献   

Metamorphism in the Adirondacks: II. The Role of Fluids   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

VALLEY  JOHN W.; BOHLEN  STEVEN R.; ESSENE  ERIC J.; LAMB  WILL 《Journal of Petrology》1990,31(3):555-596

Quantitative estimates of metamorphic fluid speciation, stableisotopic analyses, and studies of fluid inclusions all documentthe local complexity of fluids in the deep crustal rocks exposedin the Adirondack Mountains, NY. Estimates of the activity ofH₂O in the granulite facies are substantially lower than inthe amphibolite facies gneisses. The onset of low water activitiesin semi-pelitic gneisses generally correlates with migmatitictextures in the uppermost amphibolite facies, suggesting thatpartial melts absorbed H₂O at the peak of metamorphism. In granulitefacies marbles and calc-silicates, conditions varied from extremelyundersaturated in H₂O-CO₂ fluid to fluid saturated, and _H2Oand _CO2 show sharp gradients within single outcrops. Low valuesof f_O2 and f_H2O, or of f_CO2, and f_H2O indicate fluid-absentconditions for some orthogneisses and marbles, which are inferredto have been ‘dry’ rocks before and during granulitefacies recrystallization. Wollastonite is preserved from earlycontact metamorphism and serves as an index mineral for fluid-absentconditions in granulites where _H2O is low. Values off_O2 rangefrom near the hematite + magnetite buffer in metamorphosed ironformation to substantially below the quartz + magnetite + fayalitebuffer in some orthogneisses. The anorthosite suite is moreoxidized than some associated granitic gneisses. Halogens (Fand Cl) substitute extensively for OH in micas and amphiboles,extending their stability, although F₂, Cl₂, HCl, and HF areminor components in any fluid. Oxybiotite-type exchanges involvingO for OH are also important, extending the stability of biotite.Stable isotopic ratios of O and C demonstrate that premetamorphicwhole-rock compositions are commonly preserved whereas mineralcompositions generally reflect equilibration at the peak ofmetamorphism. The Marcy Anorthosite Massif was intruded as ahigh ¹⁸O magma. The combination of mineral equilibria, stable isotope data,and fluid inclusions is used to identify and to distinguishamong pre-orogenic contact metamorphic/hydrothermal events,peak metamorphic events, and retrograde/postmetamorphic events.Polymetamorphism is documented at skarn zones adjacent to anorthosite,where large volumes of hydrothermal fluid were channeled duringearly, shallow contact metamorphism and where conditions werefluid poor during subsequent regional metamorphism. Peak metamorphicevents are inferred to have been caused primarily by magmaticprocesses of intrusion and anatexis. Partial melting has causedlow values of _H2O in many rocks, but in other cases low valuesof _H2O are recorded in orthogneisses derived from H₂O-poor magmas.Isotopic studies show that maximum fluid/rock ratios were <0?land possibly 0?0 for infiltrating fluids at the peak of metamorphismin many localities. No evidence of pervasive, regional infiltrationby a fluid at the peak of metamorphism has been substantiatedin the Adirondacks. Fluid inclusions containing high-densityCO₂ or CO₂ + H₂O represent conditions from after the peak ofmetamorphism and document isobaric cooling, in agreement withestimates from garnet zoning. Fine-scale retrograde veins arecommon and are associated with high-density CO₂-rich fluid inclusions.  相似文献   

Regional Metamorphism of the Waits River Formation, Eastern Vermont: Delineation of a New Type of Giant Metamorphic Hydrothermal System   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

FERRY  JOHN M. 《Journal of Petrology》1992,33(1):45-94

Metamorphic isograds and time-integrated fluid fluxes were mappedover the 1500 km2 exposure of the Waits River Formation, easternVermont, south of latitude 4430'N. Isograds based on the appearanceof oligoclase, biotite, and amphibole in metacarbonate rocksdefine elongated metamorphic highs centered on the axes of twolarge antiforms. The highest-grade isograd based on the appearanceof diopside is closely associated spatially with synmetamorphicgranitic plutons. Pressure, calculated from mineral equilibria,was fairly uniform in the area, 7 1.5 kb; calculated temperatureincreases from {small tilde} 480C at the lowest grades in thearea to {small tilde} 575C in the diopside zone. CalculatedX_co2f equilibrium metamorphic fluid increases from <0-03at the lowest grades to 0.2 in the amphibole zone and decreasesto 0.07 in the diopside zone. Time-integrated fluid fluxesincrease with increasing metamorphic grade, with the followingmean values for each metamorphic zone (in cm³/cm²): ankerite-oligoclasezone, 1 x 10⁴; biotite zone, 7 x 10⁴; amphibole zone, 2 x 10⁵;diopside zone, 7 x 10⁵. The mapped pattern of time-integrated fluxes delineates twolarge deep-seated ({small tilde} 25-km depth) regional metamorphichydrothermal systems, each centered on one of the major antiforms.Fluid flowed subhorizontally perpendicular to the axis of theantiforms from their low-temperature flanks to their hot axialregions and drove prograde decarbonation reactions as they went.Along the axes of the antiforms fluid flow was further focusedaround synmetamorphic granitic intrusions. In the hot axialregion fluid changed direction and flowed subvertically outof the metamorphic terrane, precipitating quartz veins. Estimatesof the total recharge, based on progress of prograde decarbonationreactions, nearly match estimates of the total discharge, basedon measured quartz vein abundance, (2-10) x 10¹² cm3 fluid percm system measured parallel to the axes of the antiforms. Withinthe axial regions fluids had lower X_CO2 and rocks record greatertime-integrated fluxes close to the intrusions than at positionsmore than {small tilde} 5 km from them. The differences in bothfluid composition and time-integrated flux can be explainedby mixing close to the intrusions of regional metamorphic fluidsof X_CO2/ with fluids from another source with X_CO2{small tilde}0 in the approximate volume ratio of 1:2.  相似文献   

關於西域及西蜀之古氣候與古地理     

呂炯 《气象学报》1942,(Z2)

西域一名,起自前漢。有廣狹二義,從廣義言,奄有今天山南北路及葱嶺外中央亞西亚、印度、高加索及黑海以北一帶之地。從狹義言,僅指天山、葱嶺及崑崙三山間之塔里木盆地是也。本文所論之西域,為狹義之西域,即今新彊省天山南路之塔里木盆地也。至題中不言四川而言西蜀,則因大部論證皆以川西為言故也。在未入正文之前,請先略述本文研究之經過。作者於二十八年五月隨氣象研究所遷北碚,是年秋冬。雨澤稀少。九月上半月且極燠熱,有似盛夏。同事薛君鐵虎(二十九年四月死難於民用輪)適任繪裂天氣圖事,就予叩其故。予初亦茫然,經數次商討後,遂引起研究四川天氣及氣候之興趣。二十九年初寫成‘控制四川雨量的三個主因’一文(註1),其中一个主因,予創其名为‘天漏’。此篇中國氣象上特有之新例。後根據此理引申之而有‘巴山夜雨’之作(註2)。‘天漏’之根據為西藏高原,高原面積之大,世無其匹,西蜀天氣一部分既受此大高原之影響,則此高原上之氣象情形,自為一極有興味之問题。予遂因此而有西藏高原上雨量與氣壓等之研究(註  相似文献   

Polar lows and arctic instability lows in the Bear Island region   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ERIK A. RASMUSSEN  TORBEN S. PEDERSEN  LEIF T. PEDERSEN  JOHN TURNER 《地球，A辑:动力气象学与海洋学》1992,44(2):133-154

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Relict magnesian calcite oolite and subsidence of the Amazon shelf: reply     

JOHN D. MILLIMAN 《Sedimentology》1977,24(1):149-151

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Relict magnesian calcite oolite and subsidence of the Amazon shelf     

NARESH KUMAR  JOHN E. DAMUTH  MARCUS A. GORINI 《Sedimentology》1977,24(1):143-148

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In-Situ SHRIMP U-Pb Dating of Xenotime Outgrowth on Detrital Zircon Grains from the Changzhougou Formation of the Ming Tomb District, Beijing     

SHI Yuruo  Kennedy ALLEN  Aleinikoff JOHN  SONG Tianrui  LI Linlin  SUN Huiyi 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(1):304-305

<正>SHRIMP U-Pb dating of diagenetic xenotime from sedimentary rocks has provided age constraints for sedimentary diagenesis(Mc Naughton et al.,1999;Fletcher et al.,2000;England et al.,2001;Rasmussen et al.,2004;Vallini et al.,2007).Xenotime(YPO4)may grow during early diagenesis,typically being present as a trace constituent in siliciclastic sedimentary rocks(Rasmussen,2005),in the form of syntaxial outgrowths on detrital zircon grains.Diagenetic xenotime occurs in a  相似文献   

DIFFERENTIAL ROCK WEATHERING IN THE 'VALLEY OF THE BOULDERS', KÄRKEVAGGE, SWEDISH LAPLAND   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

ROBERT G. DARMODY  COLIN E. THORN  JOHN C. DIXON 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2008,90(3):201-209

Kärkevagge is an alpine valley in the low arctic of Swedish Lapland. It is named after, and famous for, its large deposit of immense (c. 10–15 m) boulders that almost fill the lower valley. Above the boulder deposit, on the flanks of the valley, are more recent and generally much smaller (c. 1–3 m) individual boulders that have fallen from the valley-wall cliff face, presumably from post-glacial valley-side unloading. Some of these smaller boulders are seemingly fresh and unweathered while others have been reduced to no more than mounds in the tundra. These boulders must be younger than the larger, lower giant boulder deposit, but are not particularly recent rockfalls as they are partially buried in colluvium. Comparisons of mineralogy and chemistry indicate that the possibility exists that the incompetent, 'rotten' rocks, if not considerably older than their competent neighbors, are inherently self-destructive. They have evidence of increased sulfur content, which is a proxy for pyrite, a known weathering accelerant in Kärkevagge.  相似文献