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152.
南美及其毗邻海区的标量磁异常图已经根据磁卫星数据绘制出来。这项工作提出一些值得重视的问题,如分离外源场和地壳异常、异常化到同一高度等。外源场是表现为长波长的环流效应、中波长的赤道电射流和短波长的噪声干扰。环流被一个波长滤波器增强后,利用标准环流方程加以改正;电射流由于主要出现在黄昏时刻的剖面中,仅用黎明剖面数据勾绘,就可将它的影响减至最小,而噪声则是通过选择“磁静日” (K≤2~+)方法来消除。最优化滤波的截止值是用统计回归方法确定的,大约为50度的波长值;当大于这个值的波长被抑制掉后,与从其它卫星轨道得到的剖面有很好的相关,仅有一些由于卫星高度不同造成的差别。而这些差别可进一步借助于等效点源反演方法使之归一化到同一高度来消除。最终结果图与原有的以2度进行平均的图有明显不同,特别是在低磁纬度区。这张图化极后,显示了与南美和加勒此地区构造特征的相关性。 相似文献
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154.
引言对浅成低温热液型矿床,长期以来都认为与火山作用有关。最近则认为有些与侵入有关的矿床,如斑岩铜矿也与火山活动有关。虽然有许多火山产物是由于次火山岩筒受侵蚀的结果才使有关矿床暴露。放射性测年结果更证明有些矿床确实和火山岩之间存在密切的时间联系。另一方面从火山环境中,金属沉淀地热系统的研究也证明了它们在空间联系和可能成因关系上的密切性(White 1981)。最近在美国西部、澳大拉西亚和西太平洋的火山—侵入活动区工作结果,认为有几种贱金属和贵金属与亲石元素矿床紧密伴生。它们不仅具火山岩而且具有特殊的火山地 相似文献
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156.
中玉平洋盆地的铁锰结壳多数覆盖在海底隆起的硬质基底上。这里讨论的是马绍尔群岛Ｒａｔａｋｉ海链上七个白垩纪巨大火山体上的结壳样品及伴随的基底岩石。 相似文献
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158.
Analyses of fractionated aqueous extracts of the Murchison meteorite by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after silylation with N-methyl-N (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide have revealed an extensive series of linear and cyclic aliphatic amides. These include monocarboxylic acid amides, dicarboxylic acid monoamides, hydroxy acid amides, lactams, carboxy lactams, lactims, N-acetyl amino acids, and substituted hydantoins. Numerous isomers and homologues through at least C8 were observed in all cases, except for the N-acetyl amino acids and hydantoins. Carboxy lactams, lactams, hydantoins, and N-acetyl amino acids are converted to amino acids by acid hydrolysis, thus, these compounds qualitatively account for the earlier observation of acid-labile amino acid precursors in meteoritic extracts. Laboratory studies of the spontaneous decomposition of N-carbamyl-alpha-amino acids and their dehydration products, the 5-substituted hydantoins, have led to the recognition of a series of aqueous phase reactions by which amino acids and cyanic acid/cyanate ion in the primitive parent body might have given rise to several of the observed classes of amides, as well as to monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, and hydroxy acids. A previously undescribed reaction of 5-substituted hydantoins with cyanic acid/cyanate ion to give carboxamides of the 5-substituent groups was observed in the course of these studies. The presence of an extensive suite of amides in a CM chondrite appears to be consistent with the interstellar-parent body formation hypothesis for the organic compounds of these meteorites. The presence of carboxy lactams and lactams along with free amino acids suggests the possibility of further chemical evolution of meteorite amino acids by thermal polymerization. The cyclic amides, given their potential for hydrogen-bonded pair formation, might be considered candidate bases for a primitive sequence coding system. 相似文献
159.
Manned exploration of Mars may result in the contamination of that planet with terrestrial microbes, a situation requiring assessment of the survival potential of possible contaminating organisms. In this study, the survival of Bacillius subtilis, Azotobacter chroococcum, and the enteric bacteriophage MS2 was examined in clays representing terrestrial (Wyoming type montmorillonite) or Martian (Fe(3+)-montmorillonite) soils exposed to terrestrial and Martian environmental conditions of temperature and atmospheric pressure and composition, but not to UV flux or oxidizing conditions. Survival of bacteria was determined by standard plate counts and biochemical and physiological measurements over 112 days. Extractable lipid phosphate was used to measure microbial biomass, and the rate of 14C-acetate incorporation into microbial lipids was used to determine physiological activity. MS2 survival was assayed by plaque counts. Both bacterial types survived terrestrial or Martian conditions in Wyoming montmorillonite better than Martian conditions in Fe(3+)-montmorillonite. Decreased survival may have been caused by the lower pH of the Fe(3+)-montmorillonite compared to Wyoming montmorillonite. MS2 survived simulated Mars conditions better than the terrestrial environment, likely due to stabilization of the virus caused by the cold and dry conditions of the simulated Martian environment. The survival of MS2 in the simulated Martian environment is the first published indication that viruses may be able to survive in Martian type soils. This work may have implications for planetary protection for future Mars missions. 相似文献
160.