Environmental controls on bacterial tetraether membrane lipid distribution in soils   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Johan W.H. Weijers  Stefan Schouten  Jurgen C. van den Donker  Ellen C. Hopmans  Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2007,71(3):703-713

Over the last years a novel group of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) membrane lipids has been discovered in peat bogs and soils. They consist of components with 4-6 methyl groups attached to the n-alkyl chains and 0 to 2 cyclopentyl moieties in the alkyl chain. These branched membrane lipids are produced by an as yet unknown group of anaerobic soil bacteria. In this study we analysed the branched membrane lipid content of 134 soil samples from 90 globally distributed locations to study the environmental factors controlling the relative distribution of the different branched GDGT isomers. Our results show that the relative amount of cyclopentyl moieties, expressed in the cyclisation ratio of branched tetraethers (CBT), is primarily related to the pH of the soil (R² = 0.70) and not to temperature (R² = 0.03). The relative amount of methyl branches, expressed in the methylation index of branched tetraethers (MBT), is positively correlated with the annual mean air temperature (MAT) (R² = 0.62) and, to a lesser extent, negatively correlated with the pH of the soil (R² = 0.37). If both parameters are combined, however, it appears that the variation in the MBT is largely explained by both MAT and pH (R² = 0.82). These results suggest that the relative distribution of soil-derived GDGT membrane lipids can be used in palaeoenvironmental studies to estimate past annual MAT and soil pH.  相似文献   

Compositional Kriging: A Spatial Interpolation Method for Compositional Data   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Dennis J. J. Walvoort  Jaap J. de Gruijter 《Mathematical Geology》2001,33(8):951-966

Compositional data are very common in the earth sciences. Nevertheless, little attention has been paid to the spatial interpolation of these data sets. Most interpolators do not necessarily satisfy the constant sum and nonnegativity constraints of compositional data, nor take spatial structure into account. Therefore, compositional kriging is introduced as a straightforward extension of ordinary kriging that complies with these constraints. In two case studies, the performance of compositional kriging is compared with that of the additive logratio-transform. In the first case study, compositional kriging yielded significantly more accurate predictions than the additive logratio-transform, while in the second case study the performances were comparable.  相似文献   

Implications for Deglaciation Chronology from New AMS Age Determinations in Central West Greenland     

Frank G.M. van Tatenhove  Jaap J.M. van der Meer  Eduard A. Koster 《Quaternary Research》1996,45(3):245-253

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A molecular and carbon isotope biogeochemical study of biomarkers and kerogen pyrolysates of the Kimmeridge Clay Facies: palaeoenvironmental implications   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Heidy M. E. Van Kaam-Peters  Stefan Schouten  Jan W. De Leeuw  Jaap S. Sinninghe Damst 《Organic Geochemistry》1997,27(7-8)

Structures and carbon isotopic compositions of biomarkers and kerogen pyrolysis products of a dolomite, a bituminous shale and an oil shale of the Kimmeridge Clay Formation (KCF) in Dorset were studied in order to gain insight into (i) the type and extent of water column anoxia and (ii) changes in the concentration and isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the palaeowater column. The samples studied fit into the curve of increasing δ¹³C of the kerogen (δ¹³C_TOC) with increasing TOC, reported by Huc et al. (1992). Their hypothesis, that the positive correlation between TOC and δ¹³C_TOC is the result of differing degrees of organic matter (OM) mineralisation in the water column, was tested by measuring the δ¹³C values of primary production markers. These δ¹³C values were found to differ on average by only 1‰ among the samples, implying that differences in the extent of OM mineralisation cannot fully account for the 3‰ difference in δ¹³C_TOC. The extractable OM in the oil shale differs from that in the other sediments due to both differences in maturity, and differences in the planktonic community. These differences, however, are not likely to have significantly influenced δ¹³C_TOC either. All three sediments contain abundant derivatives of isorenieratene, indicating that periodically euxinia was extending into the photic zone. The sediments are rich in organic sulfur, as revealed by the abundant sulfur compounds in the pyrolysates. The prominence of C₁-C₃ alkylated thiophenes over n-alkanes and n-alkenes is most pronounced in the pyrolysate of the sediment richest in TOC. This suggests that sulfurisation of OM may have played an important role in determining the TOC-δ¹³C_TOC relationship reported by Huc et al. (1992).  相似文献   

Selective preservation of soil organic matter in oxidized marine sediments (Madeira Abyssal Plain)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Carme Huguet  Gert J. de Lange  Jack J. Middelburg  Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté  Stefan Schouten 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2008,72(24):6061-6068

In ocean margin sediments both marine and terrestrial organic matter (OM) are buried but the factors governing their relative preservation and degradation are not well understood. In this study, we analysed the degree of preservation of marine isoprenoidal and soil-derived branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) upon long-term oxygen exposure in OM-rich turbidites from the Madeira Abyssal Plain by analyzing GDGT concentrations across oxidation fronts. Relative to the anoxic part of the turbidites ca. 7-20% of the soil-derived branched GDGTs were preserved in the oxidized part while only 0.2-3% of the marine isoprenoid GDGT crenarchaeol was preserved. Due to these different preservation factors the Branched Isoprenoid Tetraether (BIT) index, a ratio between crenarchaeol and the major branched GDGTs that is used as a tracer for soil-derived organic matter, substantially increases from 0.02 to 0.4. Split Flow Thin Cell (SPLITT) separation of turbidite sediments showed that the enhanced preservation of soil-derived carbon was a general phenomenon across the fine particle size ranges (<38 μm). Calculations reveal that, despite their relatively similar chemical structures, degradation rates of crenarchaeol are 2-fold higher than those of soil-derived branched GDGTs, suggesting preferential soil OM preservation possibly due to matrix protection.  相似文献   

Estimating thawing depths and mean annual ground temperatures in the Khuvsgul region of Mongolia     

Munkhtsetseg Zorigt  Jaap Kwadijk  Eelco Van Beek  Scott Kenner 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(10):897

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A diatomaceous origin for long-chain diols and mid-chain hydroxy methyl alkanoates widely occurring in quaternary marine sediments: indicators for high-nutrient conditions     

Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté  Sebastiaan Rampen  C. Rijpstra  Gerard Muyzer  Stefan Schouten 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2003,67(7):1339-1348

For the first time a biological source for the long-chain alkyl 1,14-diols and 12-hydroxy methyl alkanoates, lipids widely occurring in the marine water column and sediments, has been identified. Cultures of Proboscia indica and Proboscia alata, rhizosolenoid diatoms belonging to the widespread diatom genus Proboscia, contain C₂₈, C_28:1, C₃₀, and C_30:1 alkyl 1,14-diols, and C₂₇ and C₂₉ 12-hydroxy methyl alkanoates as major neutral lipids. These components form a substantial fraction of lipid fractions from sediment traps or sediments, especially in areas with an elevated primary production such as upwelling regions. Examination of literature data reveals that as much as 20 to 35% of the total lipid flux in the Arabian Sea is derived from Proboscia diatoms during the start of the upwelling season. Their rapid transfer to the water-sediment interface may explain why corresponding 1,14-keto-ols, inferred oxidation products of diols, are hardly formed. These interpretations are supported by compound-specific carbon isotopic analysis of long-chain keto-ols and diols in surface sediments of the Arabian Sea. The data indicate that long-chain alkyl 1,14-diols and 12-hydroxy methyl alkanoates can be applied as indicators for high-nutrient conditions in the photic zone.  相似文献   

Long-term fluctuations in fish recruit abundance in the western Wadden Sea in relation to variation in the marine environment   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Philippart  Catharina J. M.; Lindeboom  Han J.; van der Meer  Jaap; van der Veer  Henk W.; Witte  Johannes IJ. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1996,53(6):1120-1129

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Quantifying Tidal Movements of the Shore Crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Carcinus maenas</Emphasis> on to Complex Epibenthic Bivalve Habitats     

Andreas M. Waser  Rob Dekker  Johannes IJ. Witte  Niamh McSweeney  Bruno J. Ens  Jaap van der Meer 《Estuaries and Coasts》2018,41(2):507-520

Many subtidal predators undertake regular tidal migrations into intertidal areas in order to access abundant prey. One of the most productive habitats in soft bottom intertidal systems is formed by beds of epibenthic bivalves such as blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) and Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas). In the Dutch Wadden Sea, these bivalves might face substantial predation pressure by the shore crab (Carcinus maenas), which increased considerably in numbers during the last 20 years. However, the quantification of this species on bivalve beds is challenging, since most methods common for quantifying animal abundance in marine habitats cannot be used. This study investigated the potential of two methods to quantify the abundance of C. maenas on 14 epibenthic bivalve beds across the Dutch Wadden Sea. The use of the number of crabs migrating from subtidal towards intertidal areas as a proxy of abundance on bivalve beds yielded unreliable results. In contrast, crabs caught with traps on the beds were correlated with the abundance assessed on the surrounding bare flats by beam trawl and therefore provided usable results. The estimates, however, were only reliable for crabs exceeding 35 mm in carapace width (CW). The application of these estimates indicated that crab abundances on bivalve beds were influenced by the biogenic structure. Beds dominated by oysters attracted many large crabs (> 50-mm CW), whereas abundances of medium-sized crabs (35–50-mm CW) showed no relationship to the oyster occurrence. The combination of traps and trawls is capable of quantifying crab abundance on bivalve beds, which offers the possibility to study biotic processes such as predator-prey interactions in these complex structures in more detail.  相似文献   

Biomarkers in upper Holocene Eastern North Sea and Wadden Sea sediments     

Bart E. van Dongen  W. Irene C. Rijpstra  Catharina J. M. Philippart  Jan W. de Leeuw  Jaap S. Sinninghe Damst 《Organic Geochemistry》2000,31(12)

Total extracts of sediment cores from five different stations in the North Sea and Wadden Sea were analysed for their biomarker composition. Only sediments of the Skagerrak contained significant amounts of marine biomarkers (mainly alkenones), other sites contained predominantly terrestrial biomarkers. Bioturbation in the Skagerrak is, however, far too high to determine sea surface temperature (SST) changes within short time intervals. These results indicate that biomarkers contained in these sediments are not useful to reconstruct climate fluctuations during the upper Holocene. High amounts of α-, β- and ω-hydroxy fatty acids as well as small amounts of α, β-dihydroxy fatty acids were released from the insoluble organic material of the sediments from the Wadden Sea station, indicating a significant input of the eelgrass Zostera marina. This was confirmed by microscopic observations. This is the first time the α,β-dihydroxy fatty acids have been found in a sediment core and they have proven to be potential biomarkers for these seagrass species.  相似文献