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71.
Respiration rates (mg O2 g?1 AFDW h?1) of Leuctra hippopus, Sericostoma personatum, Helodes minuta, Gammarus pulex and Asellus aquaticus were studied across an oxygen gradient at 2.8 and 6.3 °C, corresponding to an expected 3.5 °C increase in Danish winter stream temperature. Species were selected from the Danish Stream Fauna Index (DSFI), representing an expected hierarchy of tolerance towards water quality degradation. We expected that low-ranking, tolerant species (i.e. indicators of bad water quality) would have the capacity to regulate their oxygen uptake relatively independently of oxygen availability (oxy-regulators) and high-ranking, sensitive species (i.e. indicators of good water quality) would be less able to do so (oxy-conformers). For all species respiration rate was higher (although non-significantly) at 6.3 °C. The species’ oxy-regulatory capacity did not consistently reflect their DSFI ranking. As expected, and in accordance with its DSFI ranking, A. aquaticus had the highest oxy-regulatory capacity with the ability to regulate O2 uptake until an oxygen saturation of only 20%, which did not change with increasing temperature, emphasizing the robustness of A. aquaticus towards changes in the environment. S. personatum, H. minuta and G. pulex revealed no oxy-regulatory capacity. In contrast, the plecopteran L. hippopus did display an unexpected oxy-regulatory capacity. Though an increase in temperature changed L. hippopus’ capacity to oxy-regulate (the critical limit increased from 32.5 to 43.5% oxygen), respiration rates did not change significantly in spite of the temperature increase. This result contradicts the general belief that stoneflies, because of their affinity to well oxygenated habitats, are conformers. Our findings call for further studies on the respiratory conformer–regulator concept and its role as an eco-physiological trait for bio-assessment. 相似文献
72.
Dr. N. H. Jacobsen 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(1):33-44
Jacobsen, N. H., 1973: Nogle midtsjællandske kanalplaner fra begyndelsen af det 19. århundrede. Geografisk Tidsskrift 72, s. 33–44. København, September 30, 1973. Based on archives studies, canal-projects on Sjælland are described. The plans were submitted a. 1800 in order to facilitate military transports and improve the supplies of food and fuel to Copenhagen. 相似文献
73.
We report high-precision 44Ca/40Ca measurements (2σm < 0.06‰) of Hawaiian shield stage tholeiites. Our data reveal ∼0.3‰ variation in their 44Ca/40Ca, which comprises ∼20% of the 44Ca/40Ca variation observed in global carbonates. The 44Ca/40Ca variation is correlated with Sr/Nb and 87Sr/86Sr, and this pattern is best explained by adding up to 4% ancient carbonate into the Hawaiian plume. Mass-balance calculations show that up to 40% of the Ca budget and 65% of the Sr budget in some Hawaiian (Makapuu-stage Koolau) lavas are derived from recycled carbonates. Our finding demonstrates, for the first time with the application of Ca isotopes, that ancient recycled carbonates are important components of mantle plumes which feed some of the largest terrestrial volcanoes. Thus, recycling of carbonates into the mantle is an essential part of the global Ca and C cycles. 相似文献
74.
Jenny Moehler K. Mathias Wegner Karsten Reise Sabine Jacobsen 《Journal of Sea Research》2011,66(3):256-262
As a result of aquaculture activities Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) have invaded the European Wadden Sea. Using a variable noncoding mitochondrial marker, we show that the invaded range is the result of two independent invasions. Haplotype frequencies point towards two separate groups, one in the southern and the other in the northern Wadden Sea. We found virtually no genetic differentiation throughout the southern range and the putative source from British Columbia, Canada, suggesting that the Southern region can be considered as a closed population. In the North, mismatch distributions, haplotype ordination and isolation-by-distance analysis suggest a stronger, persistent impact of aquaculture on invasive populations. Due to the ongoing supply of new genetic material from hatchery production the northern invasive populations can therefore be considered as an open population highlighting the importance of aquaculture practice on the genetics of this keystone invader in the Wadden Sea. 相似文献
75.
The chronology of a long pollen record from Lake Wangoom, one of the few long palaeoenvironmental records from southeastern Australia, is discussed in light of the acquisition of new uranium/thorium disequilibrium (UTD) dates. Of crucial importance has been the estimation of ages for two major pre‐Holocene phases of forest expansion recorded in the sequence, with implications for the timing of periods of high effective precipitation in the region. The new UTD ages indicate that the oldest forest phase falls within the Penultimate Interglacial whereas the later phase corresponds with the Last Interglacial. This is older than indicated by previously reported UTD and radiocarbon dates, but confirms a chronology based on direct correlation with the pollen record from marine core E55‐6. The new chronology of the Lake Wangoom sequence provides evidence that phases of sustained forest development in southeast Australia relate to interglacial periods. In comparison, interstadial periods appear to be characterised by only minor arboreal development. Marked differences in the pattern of vegetation development evident in each of the interglacials are thought to reflect varying climatic and anthropogenic influences. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
76.
77.
Craig Woodward Jie Chang Atun Zawadzki James Shulmeister Robert Haworth Sasha Collecutt Geraldine Jacobsen 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2011,30(27-28):3743-3747
Paleoenvironmental reconstructions from Little Llangothlin Lagoon have been used to argue for early European impact on the eastern Australian landscape. In particular, these studies have argued for European arrival on the New England Tablelands at about 1800 AD, with significant impacts including the clearance of one species of Casuarina before 1820 AD and significant erosion by 1836 AD (Gale et al., 1995; Gale and Pisanu, 2001; Gale and Haworth, 2002, 2005). We have re-cored the lagoon, dated the cores using 210Pb and radiocarbon, and counted pollen and other proxies. Our 210Pb results indicate that 210Pb background was achieved stratigraphically later than the erosion event and we have three early Holocene radiocarbon ages in the erosion event interval. We conclude that the ‘erosion event’ predates European settlement. The 210Pb results indicate much less erosion in response to European settlement than suggested by these earlier studies. We also find no notable decline in Casuarina in the pollen record spanning the time of initial European impact, and in fact we find very little Casuarina in the record. Instead of a Casuarina dominated vegetation we conclude that the area was dominated by open Eucalypt forest prior to European settlement. Rather than changes in the regional vegetation in the early 19th century, we attribute changes in the palynoflora spanning the ‘erosion event’ to changes within the lake/wetland and in particular to changes in the dominance of different species of Myriophyllum; most likely due to water depth fluctuation. This site has stood out as indicating an earlier European impact than other localities in eastern Australia, beyond the original limits of settlement near Sydney. Our findings suggest that a more traditional interpretation of this site is warranted and that no very early impact is discernable. 相似文献
78.
Absolute S-velocity estimation from receiver functions 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We present a novel method to recover absolute S velocities from receiver functions.
For a homogeneous half-space the S velocity can be calculated from the horizontal slowness and the angle of surface particle motion for an incident P wave. Generally, the calculated S velocity is an apparent half-space value which depends on model inhomogeneity and P -waveform. We therefore, suggest to calculate such apparent half-space S velocities from low-pass filtered (smoothed) receiver functions using a suite of filter-parameters, T . The use of receiver functions neutralize the influence of the P -waveform, and the successive low-pass filterings emphasize the variation of S velocity with depth.
We apply this V S ,app. ( T ) technique to teleseismic data from three stations: FUR, BFO and SUM, situated on thick sediments, bedrock and the Greenland ice cap, respectively. The observed V S ,app. ( T ) curves indicate the absolute S velocities from the near surface to the uppermost mantle beneath each station, clearly revealing the different geological environments. Application of linearized, iterative inversion quantify these observations into V S ( z ) models, practically independent of the S -velocity starting model. The obtained models show high consistency with independent geoscientific results. These cases provide also a general validation of the V S ,app. ( T ) method.
We propose the computation of V S ,app. ( T ) curves for individual three-component broad-band stations, both for direct indication of the S velocities and for inverse modelling. 相似文献
For a homogeneous half-space the S velocity can be calculated from the horizontal slowness and the angle of surface particle motion for an incident P wave. Generally, the calculated S velocity is an apparent half-space value which depends on model inhomogeneity and P -waveform. We therefore, suggest to calculate such apparent half-space S velocities from low-pass filtered (smoothed) receiver functions using a suite of filter-parameters, T . The use of receiver functions neutralize the influence of the P -waveform, and the successive low-pass filterings emphasize the variation of S velocity with depth.
We apply this V
We propose the computation of V
79.
GueorguiA.Yurgenson 《东北亚地学研究》2004,7(1):92-96
Geotechgjgensis is mineralogical geochemical transformation of minerals, rocks, and ores as consequence of impact on them in the process of performing geological-exploration and irrigation works, extracting and processing mineral resources, constructing transport, civil and military objects. These effects lead to discontinuity and moving different scale fragments ofuppor part of lithospere and conjugate hydro-and biosphere zones. Discontinuity predttermines the disturbance of matural systems dynamic equilibriu and acceleration of mftter transformation and migration processes. The final aim of studying geotechnogenesis minseralogy and geochemistry is the establishment of scientific foundations for developing ecological safety measures including also utilization fo geotechnogene deposits. 相似文献
80.
The nearshore frontal zone off the coast of Georgia was found to be an area of high phytoplankton and bacterioplankton abundance and activity. Phytoplankton and bacterioplankton populations on the seaward side of the frontal zone had significantly higher photosynthetic and heterotrophic potentials than the nearshore side of the front. Phytoplankton species composition changed across the front, verifying that the front is a barrier to cross shelf mixing. Nearshore, large chain forming diatoms dominated, while smaller single cell diatoms and cyanobacteria dominated the seaward side of the front. Increased bacterioplankton activity was found associated with phytoplankton photosynthetic activity. Light appeared to be the major factor controlling photosynthesis across the frontal zone. Nitrogen, phosphorus and silica were present in similar concentrations, well above levels that would limit photosynthesis, on both sides of the front. Therefore the outflow of nutrients from rivers or estuaries did not influence primary production directly. 相似文献