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51.
52.
Lázaro Valentin Zuquette Jaime Quintas dos Santos Collares Osni José Pejon 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(5):899-922
Preventive, controlling, rehabilitative and corrective measures to improve the environmental quality of the hydrographic basins
of the Fortaleza metropolitan region in the state of Ceará (Brazil) are presented based on geological and geotechnical data,
land degradation rates and sources, and other geoindicators. The region is affected by coastal and stream erosion, gravitational
mass movement, dunes, silting, and water pollution, sanitary landfills in inappropriate sites, decommissioned and abandoned
aggregate mining, and swamp areas. Geoindicators were used to classify each of the 12 hydrographic basins as possessing low
(4), intermediate (3), or high (5) degradation levels. A group of 59 environmental management measures related to ecological,
bioengineering, mechanical, policy and administrative, agricultural and clean-up methods was selected. From this general group
a set of 31 measures was chosen considering goals, efficacy for specific environmental problems, suitability for large or
small areas, behavior under different annual climatic conditions, environmental problems of the region, geological and geotechnical
limitations and degradation level of the basins. A set of the more suitable geoindicators was selected for monitoring efficiency
of the measures for each basin. 相似文献
53.
Juan Morales Avto Goguitchaichvili Luis M. Alva-Valdivia Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2006,338(8):507-513
Twenty years after Tanaka and Kono's pioneering contribution (Tanaka and Kono, 1984), we give some new details on the effect of applied field strength during Thellier paleointensity experiments. Special attention is paid to the relation of magnitude of laboratory field and Coe's quality factors (Coe et al., 1978). Full thermoremanent magnetizations were imparted on natural samples containing low-Ti titanomagnetites of pseudo-single domain structure in a 40-μT magnetic field from 600?°C to room temperature. The samples were subjected to the routine Thellier procedure using a wide range of applied laboratory fields. Results indicate that values of laboratory fields may be accurately reproduced within 2% of standard error. The quality factors, however, decrease when the magnitude of ‘ancient’ field does not match to applied laboratory fields. To cite this article: J. Morales et al., C. R. Geoscience 338 (2006). 相似文献
54.
Jaime A. Santos Pedro Chitas Isabel Lopes Carlos Sousa Oliveira Isabel Moitinho de Almeida João Carlos Nunes 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2011
The Azores archipelago is located at the North America, Eurasia and Africa triple junction and shows seismicity and volcanism typical of an active plate boundary. Terceira Island has been affected by several damaging earthquakes being the 1980 January 1st event (M=7.2) the strongest in Azores during the last century. 相似文献
55.
An approach to handling non-Gaussianity of parameters and state variables in ensemble Kalman filtering 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a commonly used real-time data assimilation algorithm in various disciplines. Here, the EnKF is applied, in a hydrogeological context, to condition log-conductivity realizations on log-conductivity and transient piezometric head data. In this case, the state vector is made up of log-conductivities and piezometric heads over a discretized aquifer domain, the forecast model is a groundwater flow numerical model, and the transient piezometric head data are sequentially assimilated to update the state vector. It is well known that all Kalman filters perform optimally for linear forecast models and a multiGaussian-distributed state vector. Of the different Kalman filters, the EnKF provides a robust solution to address non-linearities; however, it does not handle well non-Gaussian state-vector distributions. In the standard EnKF, as time passes and more state observations are assimilated, the distributions become closer to Gaussian, even if the initial ones are clearly non-Gaussian. A new method is proposed that transforms the original state vector into a new vector that is univariate Gaussian at all times. Back transforming the vector after the filtering ensures that the initial non-Gaussian univariate distributions of the state-vector components are preserved throughout. The proposed method is based in normal-score transforming each variable for all locations and all time steps. This new method, termed the normal-score ensemble Kalman filter (NS-EnKF), is demonstrated in a synthetic bimodal aquifer resembling a fluvial deposit, and it is compared to the standard EnKF. The proposed method performs better than the standard EnKF in all aspects analyzed (log-conductivity characterization and flow and transport predictions). 相似文献
56.
57.
We present a systematic study of chain-length distributions and D/H ratios of n-alkyl lipids (both n-alkanes and n-alkanoic acids) in a wide range of terrestrial and aquatic plants around and in Blood Pond, Massachusetts, USA. The primary goal is to establish a model to quantitatively assess the aquatic plant inputs of the mid-chain length n-alkyl lipids to lake sediments and to determine the average hydrogen isotopic ratios of these lipids in different plants. Our results show that middle-chain n-alkyl lipids (C21-C23n-alkanes and C20-C24n-alkanoic acids) are exceptionally abundant in floating and submerged aquatic plants, in contrast to the dominance of long-chain n-alkyl lipids (C27-C31n-alkanes and C26-C32n-alkanoic acids) in other plant types, which are consistent with previously published data from Mountain Kenya and the Tibetan Plateau. Combining available data in different environmental settings allows us to establish statistically robust model distributions of n-alkyl lipids in floating/submerged macrophytes relative to other plant types. Based on the model distributions, we established a multi-source mixing model using a linear algebra approach, in order to quantify the aquatic inputs of mid-chain n-alkyl lipids in lake sediments. The results show that ∼97% of the mid-chain n-alkyl lipids (C23n-alkane and C22n-acid (behenic acid)) in Blood Pond sediments are derived from floating and submerged macrophytes. In addition, D/H ratios of C22n-acid and C23n-alkane in the floating and submerged plants from Blood Pond display relatively narrow ranges of variation (−161 ± 16‰ and −183 ± 18‰, respectively). Our study demonstrates that mid-chain n-alkyl lipids such as C23n-alkane and C22n-acid could be excellent recorders of past lake water isotopic ratios in lakes with abundant floating and submerged macrophyte inputs. 相似文献
58.
The diversity of serphitid wasps (Proctotrupomorpha: Serphitoidea) in Early Cretaceous (Albian) amber from Spain is described. Four new species have been found representing the genera Serphites Brues 1937, Aposerphites Kozlov and Rasnitsyn 1979, and Microserphites Kozlov and Rasnitsyn 1979. From the Peñacerrada I (Moraza) outcrop two species are described as Aposerphites angustus Ortega-Blanco, Delclòs, Peñalver and Engel, new species and Serphites lamiak, new species. A single species was found at the San Just (Teruel) outcrop and is described as S. silban, new species. Another single specimen was found in El Soplao (Cantabria) outcrop, described as Microserphites soplaensis, new species. This last specimen is especially interesting in sharing typical serphitid and mymarommatoid characters, giving additional support to the apparent close relationship of both groups. 相似文献
59.
Chen Zi Xu Teng Gómez-Hernández J. Jaime Zanini Andrea 《Mathematical Geosciences》2021,53(7):1587-1615
Mathematical Geosciences - The joint identification of the parameters defining a contaminant source and the heterogeneous distribution of the hydraulic conductivities of the aquifer where the... 相似文献
60.
Reconstructing Aragonite Saturation State Based on an Empirical Relationship for Northern California
Catherine V. Davis Tessa M. Hill John L. Largier Brian Gaylord Jaime Jahncke 《Estuaries and Coasts》2018,41(7):2056-2069
Ocean acidification is a global phenomenon with highly regional spatial and temporal patterns. In order to address the challenges of future ocean acidification at a regional scale, it is necessary to increase the resolution of spatial and temporal monitoring of the inorganic carbon system beyond what is currently available. One approach is to develop empirical regional models that enable aragonite saturation state to be estimated from existing hydrographic measurements, for which greater spatial coverage and longer time series exist in addition to higher spatial and temporal resolution. We present such a relationship for aragonite saturation state for waters off Northern California based on in situ bottle sampling and instrumental measurements of temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen. Application of this relationship to existing datasets (5 to 200 m depth) demonstrates both seasonal and interannual variability in aragonite saturation state. We document a deeper aragonite saturation horizon and higher near surface aragonite saturation state in the summers of 2014 and 2015 (compared with 2010–2013), associated with anomalous warm conditions and decadal scale oscillations. Application of this model to time series data reiterates the direct association between low aragonite saturation state and upwelled waters and highlights the extent to which benthic communities on the Northern California shelf are already exposed to aragonite undersaturated waters. 相似文献