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High-K calc-alkaline rocks from Cape Nelson, eastern Papua are dominated by andesites containing numerous basic inclusions. High-Al basalts and dacites are subordinate. The slight iron enrichment and a systematic variation in K2O/SiO2 correlation observed in these rocks suggests a relationship to nearby rocks of a shoshonite association. The chemical composition of the inclusions illustrates the trends of major and minor element evolution which contradict the idea of complimentariness of high-K calc-alkaline rocks and alpine ultramafic rocks. The chemical character of the lavas (high K, Rb and Ba as well as high Cr and Ni) can be explained by fractional melting involving a mica phase. 相似文献
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The rate of sandstone weathering in the semi-arid climate of the Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia has been estimated
from observations of gravestone weathering in the area. The gravestone data points to two distinct stages in the weathering
process. The first stage covering the first century of exposure is characterised by a relatively low recession rate of 0.5 mm/100 years.
This is followed by a second stage in which the rate of weathering increases sharply to ca 2.5 mm/100 years. The non-linear
nature of the weathering trends over time suggests that during the first century of exposure, structural changes took place
within the sandstone material, which lay the foundation for accelerated weathering after further exposure. Laboratory trials
were also conducted to identify the effectiveness of different weathering processes in the decay of sandstone in this region.
Of the four processes examined, only the freeze–thaw cycle produced a significant degree of mass loss and is therefore most
likely a strong contributor to the weathering of sandstone in this region. 相似文献
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Boundary-Layer Meteorology - Two cases of an overlying inversion imposed on a stable boundary layer are investigated, extending the work of Hancock and Hayden (Boundary-Layer Meteorol... 相似文献
126.
Sorptive flotation for metal ions recovery 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
K. A. Matis A. I. Zouboulis N. K. Lazaridis I. C. Hancock 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2003,70(1-4):99-108
In this study, the abstraction of nickel, copper and zinc ions from aqueous solutions has been investigated in a laboratory batch scale mode. A combined two-stage process is proposed as an alternative of the heavy metals removal from aqueous solutions. The first stage is the sorption of heavy metals onto non-living microorganisms followed by dispersed-air flotation of the loaded biomass. Three types of strains were used: Penicillium chrysogenum, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis and Streptomyces rimosus. The main parameters studied were solution pH, biomass concentration, surfactant concentration and flocculant concentration. The biomass reuse after elution was also examined. Remediation is a possible application of flotation being cost-effective and with readily available equipment and know-how. The application of this process looks promising. 相似文献
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Mine tailings dams pose a signi?cant risk to the environment if not correctly designed, built and maintained. The effect of erosion on a back‐?lled and capped earthen dam wall was examined by construction of an analogue in an experimental model landscape simulator. The ability of a computer‐based erosion model to simulate erosion processes on the experimental structure was examined. The experimental landscape simulator uses a rainfall simulator to create overland ?ow and erode an arti?cial soil. At the commencement of rainfall, erosion occurred rapidly with deep gullies developing on the dam wall batter. The gullies developed by downcutting, with consequent bank collapse and slumping, and followed ?ow lines towards their source. A physically based erosion model (SIBERIA) was used to simulate erosion on the experimental dam wall. Erosion and consequent development of the experimental structure were modelled by SIBERIA. The ability of SIBERIA to model incision and landscape development in the experimental setting was further examined by use of a simple one‐dimensional experimental catchment. The laboratory experiment and computer simulations demonstrated that erosion on the tailings dam is driven by concentrated runoff and that runoff control is crucial to the long‐term stability of such structures. The study demonstrates that computer‐based erosion models can be used to predict how erosion occurs on the experimental landscapes examined, thus providing con?dence in their use and application. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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