全文获取类型
收费全文 | 45663篇 |
免费 | 885篇 |
国内免费 | 357篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 1049篇 |
大气科学 | 3307篇 |
地球物理 | 9112篇 |
地质学 | 15640篇 |
海洋学 | 4271篇 |
天文学 | 10441篇 |
综合类 | 91篇 |
自然地理 | 2994篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 453篇 |
2020年 | 457篇 |
2019年 | 516篇 |
2018年 | 1018篇 |
2017年 | 916篇 |
2016年 | 1197篇 |
2015年 | 725篇 |
2014年 | 1118篇 |
2013年 | 2279篇 |
2012年 | 1268篇 |
2011年 | 1818篇 |
2010年 | 1627篇 |
2009年 | 2193篇 |
2008年 | 1825篇 |
2007年 | 1910篇 |
2006年 | 1768篇 |
2005年 | 1471篇 |
2004年 | 1420篇 |
2003年 | 1374篇 |
2002年 | 1326篇 |
2001年 | 1120篇 |
2000年 | 1077篇 |
1999年 | 888篇 |
1998年 | 888篇 |
1997年 | 883篇 |
1996年 | 725篇 |
1995年 | 734篇 |
1994年 | 688篇 |
1993年 | 629篇 |
1992年 | 584篇 |
1991年 | 539篇 |
1990年 | 567篇 |
1989年 | 553篇 |
1988年 | 526篇 |
1987年 | 612篇 |
1986年 | 543篇 |
1985年 | 669篇 |
1984年 | 737篇 |
1983年 | 655篇 |
1982年 | 595篇 |
1981年 | 631篇 |
1980年 | 530篇 |
1979年 | 510篇 |
1978年 | 486篇 |
1977年 | 472篇 |
1976年 | 430篇 |
1975年 | 427篇 |
1974年 | 412篇 |
1973年 | 432篇 |
1971年 | 241篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
61.
62.
A discrete element modelling of bonded granulates and investigation on the bond effect on their behaviour are very important to geomechanics. This paper presents a two‐dimensional (2‐D) discrete element theory for bonded granulates with bond rolling resistance and provides a numerical investigation into the effect of bond rolling resistance on the yielding of bonded granulates. The model consists of mechanical contact models and equations governing the motion of bonded particles. The key point of the theory is that the assumption in the original bond contact model previously proposed by the authors (55th CSCE‐ASCE Conference, Hamilton, Ont., Canada, 2002; 313–320; J. Eng. Mech. (ASCE) 2005; 131 (11):1209–1213) that bonded particles are in contact at discrete points, is here replaced by a more reliable assumption that bonded particles are in contact over a width. By making the idealization that the bond contact width is continuously distributed with the normal/tangential basic elements (BE) (each BE is composed of spring, dashpot, bond, slider or divider), we establish a bond rolling contact model together with bond normal/tangential contact models, and also relate the governing equations to local equilibrium. Only one physical parameter β needs to be introduced in the theory in comparison to the original bond discrete element model. The model has been implemented into a 2‐D distinct element method code, NS2D. Using the NS2D, a total of 86 1‐D, constant stress ratio, and biaxial compressions tests have been carried out on the bonded granular samples of different densities, bonding strengths and rolling resistances. The numerical results show that: (i) the new theory predicts a larger internal friction angle, a larger yielding stress, more brittle behaviour and larger final broken contact ratio than the original bond model; (ii) the yielding stress increases nonlinearly with the increasing value of β, and (iii) the first‐yield curve (initiation of bond breakage), which define a zone of none bond breakage and which shape and size are affected by the material density, is amplified by the bond rolling resistance in analogous to that predicted by the original bond model. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
63.
A constitutive relation is derived for describing the mechanical response of chalk. The approach is based on a phenomenological framework which employs chemo‐plasticity. The properties of the material are assumed to be affected by the physico‐chemical processes that occur through the interaction between the skeleton and the pore fluid. The underlying mechanism is discussed by invoking a micromechanical analysis. The performance of the framework is illustrated by examining the evolution of mechanical characteristics in the presence of different pore fluids. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
64.
65.
Miller B.S. Zosuls A.L. Ketten D.R. Mountain D.C. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2006,31(1):87-94
Previous research on the cetacean auditory system has consisted mostly of behavioral studies on a limited number of species. Little quantitative physiologic data exists on cetacean hearing. The frequency range of hearing varies greatly across different mammalian species. Differences among species correlate with differences in the middle-ear transfer function. Middle-ear transfer functions depend on the mechanical stiffness of the middle ear and the cochlear input impedance. The purpose of this study was to measure the middle-ear stiffness for the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), a species specialized for underwater high-frequency hearing and echolocation. Middle-ear stiffness was measured with a force probe that applied a known displacement to the stapes and measured the restoring force. The average middle-ear stiffness in ten dolphin ears was 1.37 N//spl mu/m, which is considerably higher than that reported for most terrestrial mammals. The relationship between middle-ear stiffness and low-frequency hearing cutoff in Tursiops was shown to be comparable to that of terrestrial mammals. 相似文献
66.
James Etherington Witold Maciejewski 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,367(3):1003-1010
If supermassive black holes in centres of galaxies form by merging of black hole remnants of massive Population III stars, then there should be a few black holes of mass one or two orders of magnitude smaller than that of the central ones, orbiting around the centre of a typical galaxy. These black holes constitute a weak perturbation in the gravitational potential, which can generate wave phenomena in gas within a disc close to the centre of the galaxy. Here, we show that a single orbiting black hole generates a three-arm spiral pattern in the central gaseous disc. The density excess in the spiral arms in the disc reaches values of 3–12 per cent when the orbiting black hole is about 10 times less massive than the central black hole. Therefore, the observed density pattern in gas can be used as a signature in detecting the most massive orbiting black holes. 相似文献
67.
Daniel P. Glavin Jason P. Dworkin Andrew Aubrey Oliver Botta James H. Doty Zita Martins Jeffrey L. Bada 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2006,41(6):889-902
Abstract— Amino acid analyses of the Antarctic CM2 chondrites Allan Hills (ALH) 83100 and Lewis Cliff (LEW) 90500 using liquid chromatography‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry (LC‐ToF‐MS) coupled with UV fluorescence detection revealed that these carbonaceous meteorites contain a suite of indigenous amino acids not present in Antarctic ice. Several amino acids were detected in ALH 83100, including glycine, alanine, β‐alanine, γ‐amino‐n‐butyric acid (γ‐ABA), and α‐aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) with concentrations ranging from 250 to 340 parts per billion (ppb). In contrast to ALH 83100, the CM2 meteorites LEW 90500 and Murchison had a much higher total abundance of these amino acids (440–3200 ppb). In addition, ALH 83100 was found to have lower abundances of the α‐dialkyl amino acids AIB and isovaline than LEW 90500 and Murchison. There are three possible explanations for the depleted amino acid content in ALH 83100: 1) amino acid leaching from ALH 83100 during exposure to Antarctic ice meltwater, 2) a higher degree of aqueous alteration on the ALH 83100 parent body, or 3) ALH 83100 originated on a chemically distinct parent body from the other two CM2 meteorites. The high relative abundance of ?‐amino‐n‐caproic acid (EACA) in the ALH 83100 meteorite as well as the Antarctic ice indicates that Nylon‐6 contamination from the Antarctic sample storage bags may have occurred during collection. 相似文献
68.
69.
70.
Radiation exposure and Mission Strategies
for Interplanetary Manned Missions (REMSIM) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C. Cougnet N. B. Crosby S. Eckersley C. Foullon V. Guarnieri S. Guatelli D. Heynderickx A. Holmes-Siedle C. Lobascio S. Masiello P. Nieminen G. Parisi P. Parodi M. A. Perino M. G. Pia R. Rampini P. Spillantini V. Tamburini E. Tracino 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2004,94(3-4):279-285
Cosmic radiation is an important problem for human interplanetary missions. The “Radiation Exposure and Mission Strategies for Interplanetary Manned Missions–REMSIM” study is summarised here. They are related to current strategies and countermeasures to ensure the protection of astronauts from radiation during interplanetary missions, with specific reference to: radiation environment and its variability; radiation effects on the crew; transfer trajectories and associated fluences; vehicle and surface habitat concepts; passive and active shielding concepts; space weather monitoring and warning systems. 相似文献