False low water content in road field compaction control using nuclear gauges: a case study     

Mário Quinta-Ferreira  José Feiteira Dias  Santiago Alija 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(14):1114

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Qanat is not a hazard     

Mario Parise 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(23):1476

Comments are presented on the article by Abbasnejad et al. (Environ Earth Sci 75:1306, 2016) dealing with qanat and hazards in Iran. My rebuttal starts from the direct attribution of the described hazards to qanat and addresses the importance in the correct use of terminology for geological hazards. All of the problems pointed out in Iran (subsidence, sinkholes, pollution) have, to me, an anthropogenic origin and cannot be directly ascribed to qanat. Eventually, I present some additional elements to highlight the remarkable importance of qanat systems and their influence on the development of similar underground structures in many countries of the Mediterranean Basin. This remarks the relevance of qanat as cultural heritage sites and the need for their preservation and valorization.  相似文献   

Characteristics of deuterium excess parameters for geothermal water in Beijing     

Kai Liu  Xiaojuan Qiao  Baoling Li  Ying Sun  Zhiping Li  Conglin Pu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(23):1485

This study investigates the characteristics of geothermal water in 10 geothermal fields in Beijing. The relationships between the deuterium excess parameter (d) and temperature, depth, age of geothermal groundwater, groundwater flow field, and Eh were investigated using geothermal groundwater samples. Results showed that (1) the average d value of geothermal water is 5.4, whereas that of the groundwater in normal temperature is 6.04. The differences are induced by the oxygen isotope exchange during the water–rock interaction, which may be more easily completed in geothermal water than in cold groundwater. (2) The d value increases remarkably with the age of the geothermal groundwater. The d value increases from 11.2 to 14.6 when the age of the geothermal water is 12,760 ± 130 a and 38,960 ± 630 a, respectively. Moreover, the isotope heat exchange for composition of the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in the geothermal groundwater proceeds sufficiently with time. (3) The d value decreases from 5.72 to 3.03 when the depth increases from 125.13 to 3221 m. Generally, in the same area, the d value decreases with depth because the temperature is increasing. (4) The d value of the groundwater gradually reduces from the northern recharge area to the southern discharge area. The average d value is 7.31 in the northern recharge area and 5.68 in the middle Beijing Depression, whereas the d value in the southern area of Fengheying is ?9.20. The larger difference in d values between the recharge and discharge areas is due to the slower velocity of underwater flow, which induces longer time for oxygen exchange. (5) The relationship between the d and Eh is complex. When Eh is <200 mV, the d value of the geothermal water decreases with the decrease in Eh. When Eh is higher than 200 mV, the d value increases slightly with the decrease in Eh. The study of the characteristics of deuterium excess parameters for geothermal water could provide a scientific isotopic evidence for assessment and exploitation measures in geothermal groundwater systems.  相似文献   

2D probabilistic prediction of sparsely measured earth properties constrained by geophysical imaging fully accounting for tomographic reconstruction ambiguity     

Abduljabbar Asadi  Peter Dietrich  Hendrik Paasche 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(23):1487

Many hydrological, environmental, or engineering exploration tasks require predicting spatially continuous scenarios of sparsely measured borehole logging data. We present a methodology to probabilistically predict such scenarios constrained by ill-posed geophysical tomography. Our approach allows for transducing tomographic reconstruction ambiguity into the probabilistic prediction of spatially continuous target parameter scenarios. It is even applicable to data sets where petrophysical relations in the survey area are non-unique, i.e., different facies related petrophysical relations may be present. We employ static two-layer artificial neural networks (ANNs) for prediction and additionally evaluate, whether the training performance of the ANNs can be used to rank geophysical tomograms, which are mathematically equal reconstructions of physical parameter distributions in the ground. We illustrate our methodology using a realistic synthetic database for maximal control about the prediction performance and ranking potential of the approach. For doing so, we try to link geophysical radar and seismic tomography as input parameters to porosity of the ground as target parameter of ANN. However, the approach is flexible and can cope with any combination of geophysical tomograms and hydrologic, environmental or engineering target parameters. Ranking of equivalent geophysical tomograms based on additional borehole logging data is found to be generally possible, but risks remain that the ranking based on the ANN training performance does not fully coincide with the closeness of geophysical tomograms to ground truth. Since geophysical field data sets do usually not offer control options similar to those used in our synthetic database, we do not recommend the utilization of recurrent ANNs to learn weights for the individual geophysical tomograms used in the prediction procedure.  相似文献   

Sorption behaviour of pentachlorophenol in sub-Saharan tropical soils: soil types sorption dynamics     

Bamidele I. Olu-Owolabi  Paul N. Diagboya  Chukwunonso P. Okoli  Kayode O. Adebowale 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(24):1494

In order to predict exposure risks as well as appropriate remediation strategies for pesticides in soils, knowledge of pesticides sorption processes onto various representative soils is vital. Hence, laboratory batch experiments were carried out to study sorption of a pesticide, pentachlorophenol (PCP), on five soils obtained from different sub-Saharan agro-ecological zones (AEZs) in order to understand sorption equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics. Experimental data showed that sorption equilibrium was attained within 24 h. The fitting of kinetic results and equilibrium data to different models suggested partly surface adsorption and partly partitioning of PCP within voids of the various soil components. Sorption was mainly attributed to sharing or exchange of valence electrons between negatively charged PCP molecules and positively charged soil sorption sites. The sorption process was spontaneous and accompanied by decreased entropy, but was pH and temperature dependent, reducing with increase in pH and temperature. The various soils’ PCP sorption capacities were directly proportional to their cation exchange capacities. The low PCP sorption observed in these soils suggested high risk of PCP being present in soil water solution, especially at higher temperatures, which can lead to contamination of the aquifer. This risk may be higher for soils obtained from AEZs with warmer natural temperatures.  相似文献   

Landslide hazard mapping in the Constantine city,Northeast Algeria using frequency ratio,weighting factor,logistic regression,weights of evidence,and analytical hierarchy process methods     

Hamid Bourenane  Mohamed Said Guettouche  Youcef Bouhadad  Massinissa Braham 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(2):154

Landslides constitute the most widespread and damaging natural hazards in the Constantine city. They represent a significant constraint to development and urban planning. In order to reduce the risk related to potential landslide, there is a need to develop a comprehensive landslide hazard map (LHM) of the area for an efficient disaster management and for planning development activities. The purpose of this research is to prepare and compare the LHMs of the Constantine city, by applying frequency ratio (FR), weighting factor (Wf), logistic regression (LR), weights of evidence (WOE), and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) methods used in a framework of the geographical information system (GIS). Firstly, a landslide inventory map has been prepared based on the interpretation of aerial photographs, high resolution satellite images, fieldwork, and available literature. Secondly, eight landslide-conditioning factors such as lithology, slope, exposure, rainfall, land use, distance to drainage, distance to road, and distance to fault have been considered to establish LHMs using the FR, Wf, LR, WOE, and AHP models in GIS. For verification, the obtained LHMs have been validated comparing the LHMs with the known landslide locations using the receiver operating characteristics curves (ROC). The validated results indicate that the FR method provides more accurate prediction (86.59 %) of LHMs than the WOE (82.38 %), AHP (77.86 %), Wf (77.58 %), and LR (70.45 %) models. On the other hand, the obtained results showed that all the used models in this study provided a good accuracy in predicting landslide hazard in Constantine city. The established maps can be used as useful tools for risk prevention and land use planning in the Constantine region.  相似文献   

An evaluation of the relationship between physical/mechanical properties and mineralogy of landscape rocks as determined by hyperspectral reflectance     

Erdem Emin Maras  Mustafa Caniberk  Mehmet Serhat Odabas  Burcu Degerli  Süleyman Sirri Maras  Hadi Hakan Maras 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(2):164

We investigated the relationships between mineral content and the physical and mechanical properties of landscape rock using a non-destructive remote sensing method applied in the laboratory. Using this technique, the spectral properties of the landscape rock could be collected at different wavelengths without harming the samples. Differences in spectral reflectance were compared with the physical and mechanical properties of the stone. Significant correlations were observed between reflectance values and the rocks’ mechanical and physical properties, with correlation coefficients of 95 to 99 %. However, establishing a correlation between two variables is not a sufficient condition to establish a causal relationship. Mineral densities and mineral content are characteristics used for the classification of landscape rock. We have concluded that although spectral signatures from landscape rock can be used for predicting which stones might have similar features when comparing two batches of stone, the high correlations we discovered cannot confirm a cause and effect relationship that would allow for the prediction of a rock’s physical and mechanical properties. Although this conclusion is disappointing, the mineral content and the significant correlations discovered by hyperspectral reflectance scanning can be used as supplementary information when comparing two samples of landscape rock.  相似文献   

Artificial neural network inversion of magnetic anomalies caused by 2D fault structures     

Mansour A. Al-Garni 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(2):156

A new approach is proposed to interpret magnetic anomalies caused by 2D fault structures. This approach is based on the artificial neural network inversion, utilizing particularly modular neural network algorithm. The inversion process is implemented to estimate the parameters of 2D fault structures where it has been verified first on synthetic models. The results of the inversion show that the parameters derived from the inversion agree well with the true ones. The analysis of noise has been studied in order to investigate the stability of the approach where it has been tested for contaminated anomalies with 5 and 10 % of white Gaussian noise. The results of the inversion provide satisfactory results even with contaminated signals.The validity of the approach has been demonstrated through real data taken from New South Wales, Australia. A comparable and satisfactory agreement is shown between the inversion results of the neural network and those from techniques published in literatures.  相似文献   

Application of the non-seismic geophysical method in the deep geological structure study of Benxi-Huanren area     

Chong Peng  Lin-Fu Xue  Zheng-Hong Liu  Hai-Yan Liu 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(4):310

Based upon 1:200,000 regional gravity and aeromagnetic data, gravity and aeromagnetic slice maps were obtained through fast Fourier transformation (FFT) upward continuation. A comparison between gravity and aeromagnetic slice maps at different depths combined with regional geological data and Magneto-Telluric sounding reveals the deep geological structure of Benxi-Huanren area and provides important information for study of the deep geological evolution process of Benxi-Huanren area. Yanshanian granitic pluton is widely distributed in this area and tends to be continuous toward depth. Significant metallogenic areas, such as Dataigou and Nanfen areas, lie above the buried granitic pluton. The Paleoproterozoic strata distribution area and the Archean strata distribution area have similar characteristics in terms of gravity anomaly. The iron-bearing formation in Anshan area is Archean supracrustal rock which was not engulfed by Archean granite. The thickness of Liaoji paleo-rift can be up to 10 km, whose lower part was intruded by Yanshanian granites. The basement of the Liaoji rift was remelted during granite intrusion in Yanshanian period.  相似文献   

Geological characteristics and origin of the Hadamengou gold deposit in Inner Mongolia,China     

Yu Zhang  Jianchao Liu  Haidong Zhang  Shaopeng Zhang 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(4):311

The Hadamengou gold deposit is located in the western segment of the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC). It is hosted by Archean metamorphic rocks of the Wulashan Group. The main ore types include gold-bearing quartz vein type, gold-bearing quartz-potassic feldspar vein type, and gold-bearing altered rock type. Gold mineralization is closely related to K-feldspathization. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope data indicate that ore-forming fluids were dominated by magmatic water mixed with minor meteoric water. Sulfur and lead isotope data indicate that metallogenic materials were mainly supplied by the magmatic and Archean Wulashan Group. The gold mineralization was mainly formed during the Early Indosinian tectonic movement, which drove ore-forming fluids to the favorable depositional environment. The northern margin of the NCC is a prospective area for gold exploration. Gold deposits hosted by or related to alkaline intrusions have become one of the most important mineral exploration targets in northern China.  相似文献