Study of anaerobic biodegradation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products: application of batch tests     

Y. A. Londoño  G. A. Peñuela 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2018,15(9):1887-1896

This study evaluated three types of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (methylparaben, ibuprofen and triclosan) at concentration levels of 300, 500, 1000 and 2000 µg/L by implementing batch tests using anaerobic processes and granular biomass. The study aimed to identify the mechanisms of biodegradation and sorption in the degradation of these compounds. The inoculum was granular sludge from a laboratory-scale anaerobic reactor. The characterization results of the inoculum showed an anaerobic biomass with high activity, good sedimentation and a high percentage of organic matter. The results of the removal of the pollutants showed high degradation percentages for methylparaben (close to 99%), with negligible sorption in the sludge. The results also showed insignificant ibuprofen sorption but removal close to 0%. Triclosan showed high biomass sorption and low biodegradation. In addition, at the concentrations tested, none of the compounds had a negative or inhibitory effect on the microbial populations of the system.  相似文献   

Escherichia coli Inactivation in Fresh Water Through Photocatalysis with TiO2‐Effect of H2O2 on Disinfection Kinetics          下载免费PDF全文

Jorge Rodríguez‐Chueca  Maria Peña Ormad  Rosa Mosteo  Saúl Canalis  José Luis Ovelleiro 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2016,44(5):515-524

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Pushbroom-Frame Imagery Co-Registration     

Yuri Rzhanov  Shachak Pe’eri 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(2):141-157

More and more littoral surveys are conducted with aerial platform sensor suites that include a hyperspectral pushbroom sensor and a frame camera. However, in some cases, data from auxiliary sensors may contain errors or are not available. For many research groups, a high-accuracy registration of the multi-sensor data relative to each other is essential, while absolute geo-location of each individual measurement is not. A co-registration procedure was developed for pseudo ortho-rectification of the hyperspectral imagery and to remove spatial distortions caused by the aircraft's trajectory during the survey based on a flat-earth assumption. This image-processing approach utilizes the aerial frame imagery as a reference. Each hyperspectral scan line is co-registered into the frame imagery coordinate system. The performance of the procedure was evaluated using hyperspectral imagery collected over northern New Hampshire and southern Maine. The evaluation results showed that the procedure is robust enough to pseudo ortho-rectify hyperspectral imagery over coastal areas and to remove significant spatial distortions.  相似文献   

Evolution of overland flow connectivity in bare agricultural plots          下载免费PDF全文

Andrés Peñuela  Frédéric Darboux  Mathieu Javaux  Charles L. Bielders 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(11):1595-1613

Soil surface roughness not only delays overland flow generation but also strongly affects the spatial distribution and concentration of overland flow. Previous studies generally aimed at predicting the delay in overland flow generation by means of a single parameter characterizing soil roughness. However, little work has been done to find a link between soil roughness and overland flow dynamics. This is made difficult because soil roughness and hence overland flow characteristics evolve differently depending on whether diffuse or concentrated erosion dominates. The present study examined whether the concept of connectivity can be used to link roughness characteristics to overland flow dynamics. For this purpose, soil roughness of three 30‐m² tilled plots exposed to natural rainfall was monitored for two years. Soil micro‐topography was characterized by means of photogrammetry on a monthly basis. Soil roughness was characterized by the variogram, the surface stream network was characterized by network‐based indices and overland flow connectivity was characterized by Relative Surface Connection function (RSCf) functional connectivity indicator. Overland flow hydrographs were generated by means of a physically‐based overland flow model based on 1‐cm resolution digital elevation models. The development of eroded flow paths at the soil surface not only reduced the delay in overland flow generation but also resulted in a higher continuity of high flow velocity paths, an increase in erosive energy and a higher rate of increase of the overland flow hydrograph. Overland flow dynamics were found to be highly correlated to the RSCf characteristic points. By providing information regarding overland flow dynamics, the RSCf may thus serve as a quantitative link between soil roughness and overland flow generation in order to improve the overland flow hydrograph prediction. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Using multiresolution and multitemporal satellite data for post-disaster landslide inventory in the Republic of Serbia     

Dragana Đurić  Ana Mladenović  Milica Pešić-Georgiadis  Miloš Marjanović  Biljana Abolmasov 《Landslides》2017,14(4):1467-1482

This paper focuses on a specific event-based landslide inventory compiled after the May 2014 heavy rainfall episode in Serbia as a part of the post-disaster recovery actions. The inventory was completed for a total of 23 affected municipalities, and the municipality of Krupanj was selected as the location for a more detailed study. Three sources of data collection and analysis were used: a visual analysis of the post-event very high and high (VHR-HR) resolution images (Pléiades, WorldView-2 and SPOT 6), semi-automatic landslide recognition in pre- and post-event coarse resolution images (Landsat 8) and a landslide mapping field campaign. The results suggest that the visual and semi-automated analyses significantly contributed to the quality of the final inventory, including the associated planning strategies for conducting future field campaigns (as a final stage of the inventorying process), all the more so because the field-based and image-based inventories were focused on different types of landslides. In the most affected municipalities that had very high resolution satellite image coverage (19.52% of the whole study area), the density of the recognized landslides was approximately three times higher than that in those municipalities without satellite image coverage (where only field data were available). The total number of field-mapped landslides for the 23 municipalities was 1785, while image-based inventories, which were available only for the municipalities with satellite image coverage (77.43% of the study area), showed 1298 landslide records. The semi-automated landslide inventory in the test area (Krupanj municipality), which was based on coarse resolution multitemporal images (Landsat 8), counted 490 landslide instances and was in agreement with the visual analysis of the higher resolution images, with an overlap of approximately 40%. These results justify the use of preliminary inventorying via satellite image analysis and suggest a considerable potential use for preliminary visual and semi-automated landslide inventorying as an important supplement to field mapping.  相似文献   

Finite element methodology for the evaluation of soil damping in LNG tanks supported on homogeneous elastic halfspace     

Diego Peña Ruiz  Santiago Guzmán Gutiérrez 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2015,13(3):755-775

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Framework for probabilistic assessment of landslide: a case study of El Berrinche   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Raul Flores Peñalba  Zhe Luo  C. Hsein Juang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2009,59(3):489-499

Slope failure or landslide is a complex geological/geotechnical problem that involves much uncertainty. In this work, a framework for probabilistic assessment of landslide is presented with a focus on the El Berrinche landslide, Honduras. One unique feature of this case study involving the El Berrinche landslide is that the stability analysis has to be carried out with limited data. Another challenge in this study is to assess possible remedial measures in a way that can easily be communicated to the government and the public. A reliability-based framework for a probabilistic assessment is proposed. With this approach, different levels of risk for landslide are assessed and the associated costs are estimated; and all information is integrated into the decision-making process for choosing a remedial action.  相似文献   

X-Ray and optical observations of the X-ray source EX0020528+1454.8     

R. Hudec  W. Wenzel  W. Goetz  B. Valníček  R. Peřestý  G. A. Richter  G. Hacke  H. Huth  A. Mrkos  J. Tremko 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1987,131(1-2):697-700

We present preliminary results of the EXOSAT X-ray observations and quasisimultaneous and simultaneous optical photometry of the X-ray source EX0020528+1454.8=1E0205+149 found independently as an serendipitous source both with Einstein and EXOSAT satellites. The optical counterpart is a pair of dMe stars. Our results indicate that the object is variable both in X-rays and optical wavelenghts, and probably belongs to dMe flare stars.Paper presented at the IAU Colloquium No. 93 on Cataclysmic Variables. Recent Multi-Frequency Observations and Theoretical Developments, held at Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte Bamberg, F.R.G., 16–19 June, 1986.  相似文献   

New controversies on Columbus' “cosmographic” ideas     

M. Peñaloza  A. Marcos 《GeoJournal》1995,35(4):471-479

On the basis of modern works of a Spanish paleographer, a North American geographer and, a historian-sailor, also North American, respectively, we have reexamined some controversial aspects of the cosmographic ideas ascribed to the Columbus brothers (Christopher and Bartholomew), regarding the preparation of their first transoceanic voyage. First, we present a discussion of two versions of the translation and explanation of a part or phrase of one of the marginal notes or postils, written supposedly by one of them or both in Latin in their IMAGO MUNDI (d'Ailly, Pierre. Tract of Geography of century XV) copy that seriously questions the credibility of the Columbus brothers' knowledge of the cartography of that time. Secondly, we have analized three hypotheses attempting to explain the methods they could have used, to measure the length of a terrestrial degree either on the equator or on a meridian. We will show that these hypotheses are unacceptable due to the manipulation of the information by its authors and, because there is not enough historical evidence to demonstrate that Christopher Columbus or his brother made such geodesical measurements.  相似文献   

Seasonal deposition of authigenic calcite out of isotopic equilibrium with DIC and water,and implications for paleolimnological studies     

Apolinarska  Karina  Pleskot  Krzysztof  Pełechata  Aleksandra  Migdałek  Michał  Pełechaty  Mariusz 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2021,66(1):41-53

Journal of Paleolimnology - We conducted year-round, monthly monitoring of the stable isotope composition of DIC and water in hypereutrophic Lake Kierskie, western Poland, along with isotope...  相似文献