Spatial structure in lines in the 3398–3526 å region at the extreme limb: Observation,identification and interpretation     

Richard C. Canfield  Jay M. Pasachoff  Robert E. Stencel  Jacques M. Beckers 《Solar physics》1978,58(2):263-277

We have obtained spectrograms of high spatial and spectral resolution of the extreme solar limb, using the vacuum tower telescope of Sacramento Peak Observatory. We have identified emission lines in the range 3398–3526 Å, and classified them according to intensity, spatial structure (intensity variation), and profile. Some lines show spatial intensity variation; others do not. We show that this effect is related to the abundance of the element responsible for the line and the mean lower-level excitation potential of interlocked lines. We explain the effect in terms of radiative interlocking with other lines, as well as the characteristic size of the volume contributing to the mean intensity.Also Five College Astronomy Department, Amherst, Mass. 01003, U.S.A.Operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy Inc. under contract with the National Science Foundation.  相似文献   

Photometry of 433 Eros from 0.65 to 2.2 μm     

Glenn J. Veeder  Dennis L. Matson  Jay T. Bergstralh  Torrence V. Johnson 《Icarus》1976,28(1):79-85

Lightcurves of 433 Eros are reported for 11 bandpasses ranging from 0.65 to 2.2 μm in wavelength. The relative spectral reflectance, R(λ), was not seen to vary during our observations. Eros has R(1.6 μm) = 1.5 ± 0.1 and R(2.2 μm) = 1.7 ± 0.1, where R(λ) is the spectral reflectance scaled to unity at λ = 0.56 μm. This spectral reflectance is suggestive of a mixture of silicates and material with high infrared reflectance, perhaps a metallic phase such as meteoritic “iron”.  相似文献   

Seismic performance of elevated steel silos during Van earthquake,October 23, 2011     

Eren Uckan  Bulent Akbas  Jay Shen  Rou Wen  Kenan Turandar  Mustafa Erdik 《Natural Hazards》2015,75(1):265-287

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摩擦滑动起始的动力学特征     

Oded Ben-David  Gil Cohen  Jay Fineberg  左玉玲 《国际地震动态》2011,(5):10-15,38

摩擦界面的失效方式对于我们从根本上认识工程学至地震学领域中的失效过程非常关键.摩擦运动起始于将两个剪切体分离的薄界面内传播的破裂前沿.通过测定沿界面的剪切应力和法向应力,结合随后的实际接触面积动态学特性,我们发现剪切应力与法向应力之比在局部可远远超过没有发生突然滑动的静摩擦系数.而且,系统所选的不同破裂模式与局部应力比...  相似文献   

Slip Sequences in Laboratory Experiments Resulting from Inhomogeneous Shear as Analogs of Earthquakes Associated with a Fault Edge     

Shmuel M. Rubinstein  Itay Barel  Ze’ev Reches  Oleg M. Braun  Michael Urbakh  Jay Fineberg 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2011,168(12):2151-2166

Faults are intrinsically heterogeneous with common occurrences of jogs, edges and steps. We therefore explore experimentally and theoretically how fault edges may affect earthquake and slip dynamics. In the presented experiments and accompanying theoretical model, shear loads are applied to the edge of one of two flat blocks in frictional contact that form a fault analog. We show that slip occurs via a sequence of rapid rupture events that initiate from the loading edge and are arrested after propagating a finite distance. Each successive event extends the slip size, transfers the applied shear across the block, and causes progressively larger changes of the contact area along the contact surface. Resulting from this sequence of events, a hard asperity is dynamically formed near the loaded edge. The contact area beyond this asperity is largely reduced. These sequences of rapid events culminate in slow slip events that precede a major, unarrested slip event along the entire contact surface. We suggest that the 1998 M5.0 Sendai and 1995 off-Etorofu earthquake sequences may correspond to this scenario. Our work demonstrates, qualitatively, how the simplest deviation from uniform shear loading may significantly affect both earthquake nucleation processes and how fault complexity develops.  相似文献   

The effects of wildfires on the magnetic properties of soils in the Everglades     

Bradford M. Clement  Jose Javier  Jay P. Sah  Michael S. Ross 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2011,36(4):460-466

We present results of a rock‐magnetic study of soils that were affected by wildfires that burned portions of the Everglades in the Spring of 2008. Soils at sites that were extensively burned exhibit a pronounced surface magnetic enhancement effect with magnetizations of surface samples up to 16 times greater than that observed at depth (>7 cm) at these sites. The increase in magnetization results from an increased abundance of a low‐coercivity phase (maghemite) that occurs at the expense of the abundance of a high‐coercivity phase (goethite). These results indicate that fire‐induced heating caused goethite in the surface soils to convert into a more magnetic, low‐coercivity phase, such as maghemite. Goethite is an excellent adsorber of phosphorus, and therefore we hypothesize that the destruction of goethite as a result of burning may have important implications for phosphorus cycling in the Everglades ecosystem. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Seasonal dripwater Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca variations driven by cave ventilation: Implications for and modeling of speleothem paleoclimate records   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Corinne I. Wong  Jay L. Banner 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2011,75(12):3514-4950

A 4-year study in a central Texas cave quantifies multiple mechanisms that control dripwater composition and how these mechanisms vary at different drip sites. We monitored cave-air compositions, in situ calcite growth, dripwater composition and drip rate every 4-6 weeks. Three groups of drip sites are delineated (Groups 1-3) based on geochemical variations in dripwater composition. Quantitative modeling of mineral-solution reactions within the host carbonate rock and cave environments is used to identify mechanisms that can account for variations in dripwater compositions. The covariation of Mg/Ca (and Sr/Ca) and Sr isotopes is key in delineating whether Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca variations are dictated by water-rock interaction (i.e., calcite or dolomite recrystallization) or prior calcite precipitation (PCP). Group 1 dripwater compositions reflects a narrow range of the extent of water-rock interaction followed by varying amounts of prior calcite precipitation (PCP). Group 2 dripwater compositions are controlled by varying amounts of water-rock interaction with little to no PCP influence. Group 3 dripwater compositions are dictated by variable extents of both water-rock interaction and PCP. Group 1 drip sites show seasonal variations in dripwater Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca, whereas the other drip sites do not. In contrast to the findings of most previous dripwater Mg/Ca-Sr/Ca studies, these seasonal variations (at Group 1 drip sites) are independent of changes in water flux (i.e., rainfall and/or drip rate), and instead significantly correlate with changes in cave-air CO₂ concentrations. These results are consistent with lower cave-air CO₂, related to cool season ventilation of the cave atmosphere, enhancing calcite precipitation and leading to dripwater geochemical evolution via PCP. Group 1 dripwater Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca seasonality and evidence for PCP as a mechanism that can account for that seasonality, have two implications for many other regions where seasonal ventilation of caves is likely: (1) speleothem trace-element records may provide seasonal signals, and (2) such records may be biased toward recording climate conditions during the season when calcite is depositing. Additionally, we use our results to construct a forward model that illustrates the types of speleothem Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca variations that would result from varying controls on dripwater compositions. The model provides a basis for interpreting paleo-dripwater controls from high frequency Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca variations for speleothems from caves at which long term monitoring studies are not feasible.  相似文献   

Application of sulphur isotope ratios to examine weaning patterns and freshwater fish consumption in Roman Oxfordshire, UK     

Olaf Nehlich  Benjamin T. Fuller  Mandy Jay  Alice Mora  Colin I. Smith  Michael P. Richards 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2011,75(17):4963-4977

This study investigates the application of sulphur isotope ratios (δ³⁴S) in combination with carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) ratios to understand the influence of environmental sulphur on the isotopic composition of archaeological human and faunal remains from Roman era sites in Oxfordshire, UK. Humans (n = 83), terrestrial animals (n = 11), and freshwater fish (n = 5) were analysed for their isotope values from four locations in the Thames River Valley, and a broad range of δ³⁴S values were found. The δ³⁴S values from the terrestrial animals were highly variable (−13.6‰ to +0.5‰), but the δ³⁴S values of the fish were clustered and ³⁴S-depleted (−20.9‰ to −17.3‰). The results of the faunal remains suggest that riverine sulphur influenced the terrestrial sulphur isotopic signatures. Terrestrial animals were possibly raised on the floodplains of the River Thames, where highly ³⁴S-depleted sulphur influenced the soil. The humans show the largest range of δ³⁴S values (−18.8‰ to +9.6‰) from any archaeological context to date. No differences in δ³⁴S values were found between the males (−7.8 ± 6.0‰) and females (−5.3 ± 6.8‰), but the females had a linear correlation (R² = 0.71; p < 0.0001) between their δ¹⁵N and δ³⁴S compositions. These δ³⁴S results suggest a greater dietary variability for the inhabitants of Roman Oxfordshire than previously thought, with some individuals eating solely terrestrial protein resources and others showing a diet almost exclusively based on freshwater protein such as fish. Such large dietary variability was not visible by analysing only the carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios, and this research represents the largest and most detailed application of δ³⁴S analysis to examine dietary practices (including breastfeeding and weaning patterns) during the Romano-British Period.  相似文献   

Spectroscopy of a globular cluster in the Local Group dwarf irregular NGC 6822     

Jay Strader  Jean P. Brodie  John P. Huchra 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,339(3):707-710

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Commentary Reply     

Jay R. Harman 《The Professional geographer》2006,58(1):106-109

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