Datation 87Rb-87Sr du massif granitique du Mendic et des porphyroïdes a l'est de la Montagne Noire —un exemple de relation entre pluton et volcans     

Jean Hamet  Claude J. Allègre 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1973,38(4):291-298

In the East of Montagne Noire (South Massif Central), the granitic Mendic massif and the porphyroïds have been dated as 510±20 m.y. with a corresponding initial ratio of 0.706±0.001. Within the limits of the analytical errors, we cannot distinguish between two separate isochrons. The Mendic-porphyroïds represents a volcano-plutonic association. The age of 510 m.y. is somewhat younger than the one determined on the orthogneisses of the Central zone (530 m.y.). It can be connected to a post-orogenic magmatism of the cadomian orogenesis. At last the Sr of the minerals of the Mendic massif has been partially remobilised during the hercynian orogeny (285 m. y.).  相似文献   

塔里木板块西南缘晚侏罗世古地磁研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李永安  陈岩  Cogne Jean PASCAL  Gilder STUART  孙东江 《地质学报》2003,77(2):151-157

塔里木板块西南缘托云、奥依塔格晚侏罗世古地磁研究,获得了托云地区特征磁化方向:Ds=1.5°,Is=50.8°;古地磁极:λ=81.0°,ψ=247.0°,古纬度31.5°N。奥依塔格地区特征磁化方向:Ds=118.4°,Is=55.9°;古地磁极:λ=4.9°,ψ=120.6°,古纬度=36.4°N。从古地磁结果认为:①托云和奥依塔格相对托云地区产生顺时针旋转;②这两个地区古纬度为31°～36°左右,与塔里木平均古纬度30°N是基本一致的,但与现在纬度差达8°～10°左右,造成纬度差主要原因是构造运动造成的;③塔里木晚侏罗世古地磁亦与华北、华南基本一致,说明晚侏罗世塔里木、华北、华南三板块已联合成一个整体,拼合成统一的中国大陆,其位于热带—亚热带古气候环境。  相似文献   

A chlorine-36 study of regional groundwater flow and vertical transport in southern Nevada   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jean E. Moran  Timothy P. Rose 《Environmental Geology》2003,43(5):592-605

Chlorine-36 data for groundwater from the Death Valley regional flow system is interpreted in the context of existing conceptual models for regional groundwater flow in southern Nevada. Chlorine-36 end member compositions are defined for both recharge and chemically evolved groundwater components. The geochemical evolution of ³⁶Cl is strongly controlled by water-rock interaction with Paleozoic carbonate rocks that comprise the regional aquifer system, resulting in chemically evolved groundwater that is characteristically low in ³⁶Cl/Cl and high in Cl. Groundwater from alluvial and volcanic aquifers that overlie the regional carbonate aquifer are generally characterized by high ³⁶Cl/Cl and low Cl signatures, and are chemically distinct from water in the regional carbonate aquifer. This difference provides a means of examining vertical transport and groundwater mixing processes. In combination with other geochemical and hydrogeologic data, the end members defined here provide constraints on aquifer residence times and mixing ratios.  相似文献   

Imagerie sismique de la zone de collision hercynienne dans le Sud-Est du Massif armoricain (projet Armor 2/programme Géofrance 3D)     

Adnand Bitri  Michel Ballèvre  Jean-Pierre Brun  Jean Chantraine  Denis Gapais  Paul Guennoc  Charles Gumiaux  Catherine Truffert 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(13):969-979

The structure of the Hercynian collision zone in the southeast of the Armorican Massif is illustrated by a 70-km long deep seismic profile acquired in September 2000. The profile images a previously unknown south-dipping thrust that brought the Champtoceaux Domain on top of the Central Armorican Domain during Carboniferous times. Dextral strike-slip motions along the South Armorican Shear Zone, which is downward cut by the thrust zone, are partly coeval with northward thrusting. A major discontinuity, hidden by the thrust front, is also imaged in the lower crust between the Champtoceaux area and the Central Armorican Domain. These new data lead to a structural and kinematic re-interpretation of this part of the Hercynian collision zone. To cite this article: A. Bitri et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).  相似文献   

Quantifying the effect of recent relief changes on age–elevation relationships     

Jean Braun   《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2002,200(3-4):331-343

The effect that recent relief changes may have on the distribution of rock ages with elevation is investigated for a range of thermochronometers. From the solution of the heat transport equation in a crustal block undergoing uplift and surface erosion, the temperature history of rock particles that are exhumed at the Earth’s surface today is computed. These T-t paths are then used to calculate apparent isotopic ages for the (U–Th)/He system in apatite, characterized by a low (≈70°C) closure temperature. The results show that recent relief changes strongly affect the distribution of ages with elevation (notably the slope of the age–elevation relationship). The calculations presented here predict that, in most situations, regions that have undergone a steady decrease in surface relief in the recent past should be characterized by an inverted age–elevation relationship, that is older ages should be found near valley bottoms and younger ages near summit tops. It is also shown how the wavelength of the topography, the geothermal gradient, the exhumation rate and the duration of the relief reduction event affect this result.  相似文献   

Role of fluids in surface deformation caused by the 1999 Chi‐Chi earthquake in Taiwan     

Jiin‐Shuh Jean  Chuan‐Cheng Liu  Wei‐Teh Jiang  Jinder Chow  Ting‐To Yu  Ching‐Weei Lin  Shih‐Wei Huang 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2002,27(1):1-10

The 1999 Chi‐Chi earthquake significantly altered the landscape of central Taiwan. Surface deformation produced by the earthquake along the trace of the Chelungpu thrust can be classified into two styles: (1) uplift without significant surface rupture, and (2) uplift accompanied by surface rupture. Here we examine areas that exhibited the first style of deformation (e.g. Wufeng). Seismic stress at the time of the main shock may have been relieved by high pore‐fluid pressure in a 300‐m‐thick sand and gravel aquifer. Along the thrust fault, frictional heating of these sediments resulted in thermal expansion and an increase in pore‐fluid pressure. High pore‐fluid pressure damped seismic‐wave energy and enhanced intergranular slips of unconsolidated sandy and gravel sediments, which were possibly assisted by sulphuric acid corrosion, leading to a high sulphate content in the groundwater (c. 70 mg L^?1). These changes permitted surface folding and terrace‐style uplifting to occur without significant rupture. In contrast, other areas in which the second style of deformation is dominant (e.g. Fengyuen‐Shihkang) have thin (0–10 m) sand and gravel deposits and lower concentrations of sulphate (c. 30 mg L^?1) in groundwater. In these areas, sediments were heated but not sufficiently to produce significant thermal expansion and increase in pore‐fluid pressure; accumulation of stress in these locations led to rupture at the ground surface, with the formation of steep fault scarps. The areas exhibiting the first deformation style are characterized by the presence of high pore‐fluid pressure, frictional heat conduction, and possibly chemical corrosion related to sulphuric acid attack and formation of sulphate, in contrast to those involving significant uplift and surface rupture. The areal distribution of these two surface deformation styles suggests that the aforementioned fluid‐related subsurface processes may have altered the characteristics of sediments and caused diverse responses to the quake. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Risk assessment of an interacting structure–soil system due to liquefaction     

Steve Koutsourelakis  Jean H. Prvost  George Deodatis 《地震工程与结构动力学》2002,31(4):851-879

The present study deals with the non‐linear stochastic dynamic analysis of a soil–structure interacting system. The ultimate objective is to determine the risk of damage to the system due to liquefaction under a wide range of earthquake intensities. A Monte Carlo simulation approach is followed in conjunction with advanced finite element procedures. The stochastic spatial variability of soil properties and the randomness of the seismic excitation are taken into account in order to estimate the statistics of the response, measured in terms of uniform foundation settlement and tilting. Specifically, soil properties are modelled as non‐Gaussian random fields and seismic excitations as non‐stationary random processes. The probabilistic characteristics of the stochastic field modelling soil properties are established from in situ tests. The risk of damage to the soil–structure system due to liquefaction is assessed by establishing fragility curves, which are of paramount importance for risk assessment and management studies of such systems. Fragility curves express the probability of exceeding various thresholds in the response. The relative effect of the variability of various soil parameters on the variability of the response is also examined. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Two‐dimensional modelling of ice cover effects for the dynamic analysis of concrete gravity dams     

Najib Bouaanani  Patrick Paultre  Jean Proulx 《地震工程与结构动力学》2002,31(12):2083-2102

A two‐dimensional numerical model for determining the effects of the presence of an ice cover on the dynamic behaviour of large gravity dams is presented. Analytical predictions are compared to results obtained during a series of extensive dynamic tests on a large gravity dam. Data were obtained during summer and severe winter conditions to investigate the dynamic interactions between the dam, foundation, reservoir and the ice cover. The analysis includes ice‐reservoir interaction as well as the effects of water compressibility, flexible foundation and reservoir bottom absorption. Good agreement with the experimental findings is obtained. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Isotopic and fluid-inclusion constraints on the formation of polymetallic vein deposits in the central Argentinian Patagonia     

Léon Dejonghe  Benoît Darras  Guillermo Hughes  Philippe Muchez  James S. Scoates  Dominique Weis 《Mineralium Deposita》2002,37(2):158-172

The lead isotope compositions of galena and the fluid-inclusion systematics of nine barite-bearing polymetallic (Au, Ag, Pb, Zn) deposits of the central Argentinian Patagonia (Chubut and Rio Negro provinces) have been investigated to constrain the compositions and sources of the mineralizing fluids. Most of the deposits occur as veins, with less common wall-rock disseminations and/or stockworks, and are low-sulfidation epithermal deposits hosted in Jurassic volcanic rocks. Fluid-inclusion homogenization temperatures (Th) from quartz and sphalerite from the deposits fall within the range of 100-300 °C, with the highest measured average temperatures for the most eastern deposits (Mina Angela - 298 °C; Cañadón Bagual - 343 °C). The salinities of the hydrothermal fluids at all deposits were low to moderate (⢪.4 equiv. wt% NaCl). Three groups of ore deposits can be defined on the basis of ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios for galena and these show a general decrease from west to east (from 18.506 to 18.000). The central Argentinian Patagonia deposits have distinctly less radiogenic lead isotope compositions than similar deposits from Peru and Chile, except for the porphyry copper deposits of central and southern Peru. Galena from the Mina Angela deposit is characterized by very low radiogenic lead isotope compositions (18.000<²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb<18.037 and 38.03<²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb<38.09) and reflects interaction with Precambrian basement. The geographic trend in lead isotope compositions of both galena and whole rocks indicates a crustal contribution which increases eastwards, also reflected in the strontium-neodymium isotope systematics of the host lavas. Finally, due to the lack of precise age determinations for the central Patagonian polymetallic deposits, a potential link with Andean porphyry copper systems remains an open question.  相似文献   

The giant Imiter silver deposit: Neoproterozoic epithermal mineralization in the Anti-Atlas, Morocco     

Alain Cheilletz  Gilles Levresse  Dominique Gasquet  Moulay Azizi-Samir  Rachid Zyadi  Douglas A. Archibald  Edward Farrar 《Mineralium Deposita》2002,37(8):772-781

The world-class Imiter silver deposit, in the Anti-Atlas Mountains of Morocco, is a Neoproterozoic epithermal vein deposit genetically associated with a felsic volcanic event, and formed within a regional extensional tectonic regime. Rhyolitic volcanism related to ore formation has been dated at 550Dž Ma by ion-probe U/Pb on zircons. The economic silver mineralization is superimposed on an older, discrete base-metal assemblage associated with calc-alkaline granodioritic magmatism. The magmatism is dated at 572LJ Ma by ion-probe U/Pb dating on zircons, and by ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating on hydrothermal muscovites. In the Anti-Atlas Mountains, the Precambrian-Cambrian transition appears as an important period for the formation of major, productive precious-metal deposits associated with volcanic events and extensional tectonics. The Imiter silver deposit constitutes a Precambrian analogue to modern epithermal deposits.  相似文献