AUTOMATED GEOGRAPHY   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

Jerome E. Dobson 《The Professional geographer》1983,35(2):135-143

Analytical methods and computer technology for spatial analysis have advanced rapidly. Geographers can now consider a general form of automated geography which integrates all of the new techniques into an analytical whole. Computer cartography, computer graphics, digital remote sensing, geographic information systems, spatial statistics, and quantitative spatial modeling can be combined eclectically with traditional manual techniques to address geographic problems that are too large and complex for manual treatment alone. Small systems are widely available to facilitate small, less complex problems. Automation can assist in all forms of geography—scientific and humanistic, nomothetic and idiographic, basic and applied—but its adoption is likely to be highest among applied scientists. The immediate challenge is to prepare for a major shift toward computer instruction and automated geography in the late 1980s. Long term effects will include improved contributions by geographers to national and international policy analyses, a greater emphasis on team-work and sharing, stronger ties with other disciplines, and a generally more viable discipline.  相似文献   

THE NEEDLES (CALIFORNIA) IRON METEORITE     

John T. Wasson  Jerome Kimberlin 《Meteoritics & planetary science》1969,4(3):233-239

The Needles fine octahedrite, which weighs 45.3 kg, was found in 1962 in the Turtle Mountains, about 50 km SSW of Needles, California. It contains 10.3% Ni, 77 ppm Ga, 93 ppm Ge and 4.8 ppm Ir, and is a member of chemical group II D. It is rather similar to the Wallapai, Arizona, meteorite, and may possibly be a transported mass from this multiple fall. The compositional evidence slightly favors the interpretation that Needles is a distinct fall.  相似文献   

Analysis of Mining Engineering Data Using Robust Estimators in the Presence of Outliers     

Mathieu Sauvageau  Mustafa Kumral 《Natural Resources Research》2015,24(3):305-316

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Correction to: Using Causal Inference in Field Development Optimization: Application to Unconventional Plays     

Bertoncello  Antoine  Oppenheim  Georges  Cordier  Philippe  Gourvénec  Sébastien  Mathieu  Jean-Philippe  Chaput  Eric  Kurth  Tobias 《Mathematical Geosciences》2020,52(5):637-637

Mathematical Geosciences - Unfortunately, in the original version of the article the first and second name of the fourth author were wrong.  相似文献   

Mapping of a major paleodrainage system in eastern Libya using orbital imaging radar: The Kufrah River     

Philippe Paillou  Mathieu Schuster  Stephen Tooth  Tom Farr  Ake Rosenqvist  Sylvia Lopez  Jean-Marie Malezieux 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2009,277(3-4):327-333

Over the last few decades, remote sensing has revealed buried river channels in a number of regions worldwide, in many cases providing evidence of dramatic paleoenvironmental changes over Cenozoic time scales. Using orbital radar satellite imagery, we mapped a major paleodrainage system in eastern Libya, that could have linked the Kufrah Basin to the Mediterranean coast through the Sirt Basin, possibly as far back as the middle Miocene. Synthetic Aperture Radar images from the PALSAR sensor clearly reveal a 900 km-long river system, which starts with three main tributaries (north-eastern Tibesti, northern Uweinat and western Gilf Kebir/Abu Ras) that connect in the Kufrah oasis region. The river system then flows north through the Jebel Dalmah, and forms a large alluvial fan in the Sarir Dalmah. The sand dunes of the Calanscio Sand Sea prevent deep orbital radar penetration and preclude detailed reconstruction of any possible connection to the Mediterranean Sea, but a 300 km-long link to the Gulf of Sirt through the Wadi Sahabi paleochannel is likely. If this connection is confirmed, and its Miocene antiquity is established, then the Kufrah River, comparable in length to the Egyptian Nile, will have important implications for the understanding of the past environments and climates of northern Africa from the middle Miocene to the Holocene.  相似文献   

Acoustic density measurements of consolidating cohesive sediment beds by means of a non-intrusive “Micro-Chirp” acoustic system     

Ho Kyung Ha  Jerome P.-Y. Maa  Charles W. Holland 《Geo-Marine Letters》2010,30(6):585-593

A non-intrusive “Micro-Chirp” acoustic system and a signal-processing protocol have been developed to estimate the bulk density of consolidating cohesive sediment beds. Using high-frequency (300–700 kHz) Chirp acoustic waves, laboratory measurements were conducted with clay–water mixtures. Because acoustic echo strength is proportional to variations in acoustic impedance, and the speed of sound in the clay bed hardly changed during consolidation, the bulk density could be successfully estimated without disturbing the sediment bed. Based on acoustic signal analysis, this study demonstrates that the reflection coefficient and bulk density at the water–sediment interface increase with consolidation time, and that a single speed of sound value can be used for practical bulk density estimation in muddy environments.  相似文献   

Modelling the risk of deterioration at earthen heritage sites in drylands     

Jenny Richards  Jerome Mayaud  Hongtao Zhan  Fasi Wu  Richard Bailey  Heather Viles 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(11):2401-2416

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Effects of transport and insertion of radio frequency identification (RFID) transponders on resistance and shape of natural and synthetic pebbles: applications for riverine and coastal bedload tracking          下载免费PDF全文

Mathieu Cassel  Hervé Piégay  Jérôme Lavé 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(3):399-413

RFID transponders, especially low‐frequency Passive Integrated Transponders (PIT tags), are now commonly used for assessing bedload mobility in gravel‐bed rivers. Early studies reported high PIT tag recovery rates in small streams, but recovery rates in larger systems remain low. Explanatory factors for low recovery rates have been identified, but only antenna detection ranges and clustering effects have been precisely characterized. Burial below detection limit and dispersion beyond the study site have been indirectly estimated, and PIT tag destruction is assumed to be negligible. In this study, we quantified the resistance of natural limestone pebbles equipped with PIT tags as related to tag insertion methods and distance travelled in an annular flume. We then compared the performance of these natural pebbles with synthetic pebbles made of polyurethane resin and corundum. Creation of synthetic pebbles makes it possible to test bigger transponders with a greater detection range and no clustering effects, bypassing the existing constraints of RFID tracking. We found that breakage of limestone particles leading to PIT tag destruction is far too rare to explain low recovery rates in situ. Further, breakage is more affected by initial pebble characteristics than by PIT tag insertion method. Synthetic pebbles are more sensitive to attrition, but less likely to break. Natural and synthetic pebbles show slight differences in mobility patterns, transport distances, and abrasion resistances. One of the two synthetic pebbles travelled faster than the other three indicating that mobility is not only related to density but also potentially to shape. To address clustering and detection range issues, we equipped synthetic pebbles with AIT‐tags (Active Integrated Transponders). These were tested for integrity and transponder endurance and show great promise for future applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A graph-based approach for the structural analysis of road and building layouts     

Mathieu Domingo  Christophe Claramunt 《地球空间信息科学学报》2019,22(1):59-72

A better understanding of the relationship between the structure and functions of urban and suburban spaces is one of the avenues of research still open for geographical information science. The research presented in this paper develops several graph-based metrics whose objective is to characterize some local and global structural properties that reflect the way the overall building layout can be cross-related to the one of the road layout. Such structural properties are modeled as an aggregation of parcels, buildings, and road networks. We introduce several computational measures (Ratio Minimum Distance, Minimum Ratio Minimum Distance, and Metric Compactness) that respectively evaluate the capability for a given road to be connected with the whole road network. These measures reveal emerging sub-network structures and point out differences between less-connective and more-connective parts of the network. Based on these local and global properties derived from the topological and graph-based representation, and on building density metrics, this paper proposes an analysis of road and building layouts at different levels of granularity. The metrics developed are applied to a case study in which the derived properties reveal coherent as well as incoherent neighborhoods that illustrate the potential of the approach and the way buildings and roads can be relatively connected in a given urban environment. Overall, and by integrating the parcels and buildings layouts, this approach complements other previous and related works that mainly retain the configurational structure of the urban network as well as morphological studies whose focus is generally limited to the analysis of the building layout.  相似文献   

Confirmation of eclipses in KPD 0422+5421, a binary containing a white dwarf and a subdwarf B star     

Jerome A. Orosz †  Richard A. Wade 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1999,310(3):773-783

We report additional photometric CCD observations of KPD 0422+5421, a binary with an orbital period of 2.16 h which contains a subdwarf B star (sdB) and a white dwarf. There are two main results of this work. First, the light curve of KPD 0422+5421 contains two distinct periodic signals, the 2.16-h ellipsoidal modulation discovered by Koen, Orosz & Wade and an additional modulation at 7.8 h. This 7.8-h modulation is clearly not sinusoidal: the rise time is about 0.25 in phase, whereas the decay time is 0.75 in phase. Its amplitude is roughly half of the amplitude of the ellipsoidal modulation. Secondly, after the 7.8-h modulation is removed, the light curve folded on the orbital period clearly shows the signature of the transit of the white dwarf across the face of the sdB star and the signature of the occultation of the white dwarf by the sdB star. We have used the Wilson–Devinney code to model the light curve to obtain the inclination, the mass ratio and the Ω potentials, and a Monte Carlo code to compute confidence limits on interesting system parameters. We find component masses of     and     ( M _total     , 68 per cent confidence limits). If we impose an additional constraint and require the computed mass and radius of the white dwarf to be consistent with a theoretical mass–radius relation, we find     and     (68 per cent confidence limits). In this case the total mass of the system is less than 1.4 M_⊙ at the 99.99 per cent confidence level. We briefly discuss possible interpretations of the 7.8-h modulation and the importance of KPD 0422+5421 as a member of a rare class of evolved binaries.  相似文献