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101.
102.
This paper examines historical and spatial trends in hazardous materials transportation spills from 1971 to 1991. While the number of spills Inc.reased steadily during the 1970s, peaking in 1978–1979, there has been a decline in frequency sInc.e then largely due to modifications in reporting. Monetary damages have the opposite temporal pattern, with major Inc.reases recorded from 1982 onward. Death and injury statistics are more variable. Spatially, accidents are more prevalent in the Rust Belt extending from the Northeast corridor westward to the Great Lakes states, as well as in the Southeast. The greatest potential risk to the public is found in smaller, more densely populated industrial states such as New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland. The spatial distribution, however, has not changed. Potential risk sources (e.g., chemical industry, number of hazardous waste facilities, number of railroad miles) are the best predictors of hazmat Inc.ident frequency. Mitigation efforts (statewide regulatory and/or management policies) also help explain the variability in hazmat Inc.idents. 相似文献
103.
塔克拉玛干沙漠土壤沙化发生条件及对土壤性状影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
土壤沙化是土壤发育逆向演替恢复母质特性的过程,土壤沙化发生条件可以概括为4个方面:土壤干旱是沙化的根本条件、植被衰败为风沙活动创造了条件、土壤质地轻是沙化物质基础、大风和频繁起沙风是沙化的动力条件。土壤沙化结果使土壤粗粒化、贫瘠化,同时也使土壤含盐量降低。 相似文献
104.
粒度分析在塔克拉玛干沙漠研究中的应用 总被引:18,自引:6,他引:18
本文重点探讨了塔克拉玛干沙漠的风成沙粒度组成特征及其与物源的关系,同时对沙丘的下伏地层沙、现代河流沙及丘间地沙的粒度组成也进行了对比。通过对该沙漠第四纪沉积物的粒度分析,证实了风成沙的粒度分布以极细沙为主,不含粗沙,粉沙含量极小;粒度组合、分选主要受营力和源区物质制约,结果使粒度空间分布形成格局。总之,通过粒度分析得到一系列量化指征,可为研究风沙流运动,探讨沉积环境和改造沙漠、发展沙产业提供理论依据。 相似文献
105.
106.
Geochemistry of the Jinman Vein—Type Copper Deposit,Western Yunnan Province,China——I.Element Geochemical Characteristics 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The Jinman copper deposit,which is situated on the northern margin of the Lanping-Simao back-arc basin,western Yunnan Province,is a silver-bearing,high-grade vein-type copper deposit.Comprehensive element geochemical studies of the host rocks and hydrothermal minerals revealed the regularities in the distribution,mobilization and transport of elements from the host rocks to hydrothermal minerals.In conjunction with the fluid inclusion and isotope data,it is suggested that the ore-forming fluid was derived mainly from a deep source characterized by CO2 enrichment and reduction in nature.It is also suggested that the oreforming materials come largely from a deep source.although the contribution of the country rocks should not be ruled out.It is also found that some hydrothermal minerals are possessed of MREE-enrichment patterns.It is deduced that the REEs in the deep-source ore fluid were transported in the form of CO3^2- complexes and were deposited in a continental basin(or a hot-spring basin). 相似文献
107.
介绍了利用隧道施工的位移量测信息来选择计算模型的原理和方法。应用实例表明,本文所提出的方法有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
108.
Assuming a radially stratified Newtonian mantle in a steady-state approximation, we demonstrate that the permeability of a viscosity interface at 660-km depth strongly depends on the wavelength of buoyancy forces driving the flow. The flow induced by long-wavelength loads penetrates through the boundary freely even if the viscosity increases by two orders. In contrast, the boundary is practically impermeable for short-wavelength loads located in the upper mantle. Thus, a stepwise increase of viscosity is a significant obstacle for small descending features in the upper mantle, but huge upper mantle downwellings, or upwellings formed in the-lower mantle can overcome it easily. This indicates that certain care is necessary in interpreting the seismic structure of the mantle by means of flow models. The global tomographic image includes only the first few degrees of the harmonic series and, consequently, its interpretation in terms of a present-day flow field results in a predominantly whole-mantle circulation even for extreme viscosity contrasts. 相似文献
109.
从层序地层学研究试论华北地区寒武系与奥陶系分界 总被引:8,自引:4,他引:8
华北地区寒武系-奥陶系过渡沉积可划分为三个层序:凤山层序、两河口-红花园层序和大湾层序,凤山层序与两河口-红花园层序之间的界面为Ⅱ型层序界面(SB2),而两河口-红花园层序与大湾层序之间的界面为I型层序界面(SB1)。华北地区寒武系-奥陶系界线应置于两河口-红花园层序的海侵体系域的下界面,在徐州地区为三山子组(狭义)与韩家组之间,在北京西山为韭园组微晶丘与冶里组之间。 相似文献
110.
J. Keder M. Střižík P. Berger A. Černý P. Engst I. Němcová 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2004,85(1-3):155-164
Summary Air pollution problem in the Czech Republic is very complex due to large number of factors as turbulent dispersion and chemical reactions concurring in the status of the PBL. For this 3D distribution of pollutants is a key information that cannot be given by conventional monitoring stations. Combined use of DIAL lidar and sodar can give access to such information. Case studies of air pollutants transport are presented using 3D concentration fields of NO2 and ozone measured by lidar and meteorological conditions monitored by Doppler Sodar. 相似文献