DISCUSSION OF "Field Reports—Ode to the San Luis Drain," by Harold E. Thomas     

Dale Creasey  P.E. 《Ground water》1986,24(3):383-383

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Electrical Resistivity Studies to Delimit Zones of Acceptable Ground Water Quality     

Clyde A. Ringstad  Dale C. Bugenig 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》1984,4(4):66-69

A total of four vertical electrical soundings were conducted in a layered andesitic rock aquifer known in places to yield ground water with total dissolved solids (TDS) in excess of 2,000 milligrams per liter (mg/L). The objective of the soundings was to locate zones of moderate to high permeability but with acceptable chemical quality.
The resistivity of a geologic unit is a function that includes the quantity of total dissolved solids in the interstitial water and the distribution of the water within the unit. Thus, the resistivity of most granular soils and rocks is controlled more by porosity, water content and water quality than by the conductivity of the matrix materials.
The electrical data delimited a drill site where it was believed that ground water of acceptable chemical quality could be expected. Completion and test pumping of two exploration wells confirmed the electrical sounding results.
The first test well drilled prior to the survey yielded only small amounts of ground water with total dissolved solids in excess of 2,000 mg/L. The second exploration well drilled at the site as a result of the electrical study yielded in excess of 100 gallons per minute of ground water with total dissolved solids of 830 mg/L.  相似文献   

Effects of dredging and open-water disposal on benthic macroinvertebrates in a South Carolina estuary     

Robert F. Van Dolah  Dale R. Calder  David M. Knott 《Estuaries and Coasts》1984,7(1):28-37

Approximately 28,475 m³ of muddy sediments were dredged from a shoal in a South Carolina estuarine system and released near the surface at a nearby site having high tidal current velocities. Effects at the dredged sites included decreased macrofaunal abundance and changes in species composition. These effects appeared to be short term, with substantial recovery occurring within 3 months. Rapid recovery was primarily attributed to immigration through slumping of channel wall sediments similar to those dredged. Detrimental effects on benthic macrofauna in the area of open water disposal were minimal. Most differences noted in community structure between collection dates were attributed to sampling and seasonal variability. The absence of a major longterm disruption to the benthos in the disposal area was probably due to (1) strong tidal currents, which rapidly dispersed the moderate amount of mud sediments released; (2) surface disposal, permitting wider dispersal; and (3) disposal during late autumn, a period of low faunal recruitment.  相似文献   

The upper Jovian atmosphere aerosol content determined from a satellite eclipse observation     

Dale W. Smith  Thomas F. Greene  Richard W. Shorthill 《Icarus》1977,30(4):697-729

The Galilean satellite eclipse technique for measuring the aerosol distribution in the upper Jovian atmosphere is described and applied using 30 color observations of the 13 May 1972 eclipse of Ganymede obtained with the 5-m Hale telescope. This event probes the South Temperate Zone. The observed aerosol lies above the visible cloud tops, is very tenuous and varies with altitude, increasing rapidly with downward passage through the tropopause. The aerosol extinction coefficient, κ_a (λ1.05 μm), is ～1.1 × 10^?9 cm^?1 in the lower stratosphere and ～1.1 × 10^?8 cm^?1 at the tropopause. The 1σ uncertainty in these values does not exceed 50% The observations require some aerosol above the tropopause but do not clearly determine its structure. The present analysis emphasizes an extended haze distribution, but the alternate possibility is not excluded that the stratospheric aerosol resides in a thin layer. The aerosol extinction increases with decreasing wavelength and indicates the particle radius to be ?0.2 μm. Larger radii are impossible. These overall results confirm Axel's (1972) suggestion of a small quantity of dust above the Jovian cloud tops and the optical depths are consistent with those required to explain the low uv albedo.  相似文献   

The nature of Trojan asteroid 624 Hektor     

William K. Hartmann  Dale P. Cruikshank 《Icarus》1978,36(3):353-366

We report new visual and 20-μm photometry obtained when Hektor was seen nearly along its rotation axis. The visual amplitude was near its minimum, only 0.06 mag, confirming the Dunlap-Gehrels (1969) rotation model. The new observations confirm and refine the large size and low albedo assigned by Cruikshank (1977) from observations of the opposite rotation pole. The albedo of this pole is found to be pv = 0.022 ± 0.003, overlapping the uncertainty of Cruikshank's 0.03 value for the opposite pole. The low albedo makes Hektor roughly three times bigger than estimates of a few years ago. The light variations are interpreted as due to elongated shape. If this is correct, Hektor is both the largest and most elongated known Trojan, as well as being the most elongated known asteroid of its size. From considerations of Trojans' peculiar properties, we propose that Hektor is a somewhat dumbbell shaped object roughly 150 × 300 km in size, resulting from partial coalescence of two primitive spheroidal planetesimals during a relatively low-speed collision in the Trojan Lagrangian cloud, with energy too low for complete disruption. Calculations supporting this model indicate that Trojans may be less altered by collisions than belt asteroids. Observations in 1979 and 1980 can help test this model. A note added on July 17, 1978 relates our result to recent evidence of possible binary asteroid pairs, which may also arise from early low-velocity asteroid-asteroid interactions.  相似文献   

Spectral Models of Kuiper Belt Objects and Centaurs     

Cruikshank  Dale P.  Dalle Ore  Cristina M. 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2003,92(1-4):315-330

We present models of the spectral reflectances of groups of outer Solar System objects defined primarily by their colors in the spectral region 0.4–1.2 mu;m, and which have geometric albedo ～0.04 at wavelength 0.55 μm. Our models of the groups with the strongest reflectance gradients (reddest colors) use combinations of organic tholins. We test the hypothesis that metal-reddened igneous rock-forming minerals contribute to the red colors of Centaurs and KBOs by using the space-weathered lunar soil as one of the components of our models. We find that our models can admit the presence of moderate amounts of space-weathered (metal-reddened) minerals, but that they do not require this material to achieve the red colors of the reddest outer Solar System bodies. Our models with organic tholins are consistent with the results of other investigators.  相似文献   

Discussion of “Geology and diamond distribution of the 140/141 kimberlite, Fort à la Corne, central Saskatchewan, Canada”, by A. Berryman, B.H. Scott-Smith and B.C. Jellicoe (Lithos v. 76, p. 99–114)     

Bruce A. Kjarsgaard  Dale A. Leckie  John-Paul Zonneveld 《Lithos》2007,97(3-4):422-428

A wide variety of geological data and geological observations by numerous geoscientists do not support a two-stage crater excavation and in-fill model, or a champagne glass-shaped geometry for the 169 or 140/141 kimberlite bodies in the Fort à la Corne kimberlite field, Saskatchewan as described by Berryman, A., Scott Smith, B.H., Jellicoe, B., (2004). Rather, these kimberlite bodies are best described as polygenetic kimberlite tephra cones and tuff rings with associated feeder vents of variable geometry as shown by previous workers for the 169 kimberlite, the 140/141 kimberlite and the Star kimberlite. The domal tephra cone geometry is preserved due to burial by conformable Cretaceous marine mudstones and siltstones and is not an artifact of Quaternary glacial processes.  相似文献   

Natural hazard impacts in small island developing states: A review of current knowledge and future research needs     

Kirstie Méheux  Dale Dominey-Howes  Kate Lloyd 《Natural Hazards》2007,40(2):429-446

Small island developing states (or SIDS) are exposed to a large number of natural hazards and many characteristics of small island developing states make them particularly vulnerable to the impacts of natural hazards. In spite of this acknowledged vulnerability, there are relatively few studies which focus on the impacts of natural hazards in these countries. This paper presents a review of our current state of knowledge of impacts in small island developing states and highlights a number of research needs. Central to these is the need to integrate natural hazards research within a sustainable development context and the need to exploit existing procedures such as government coordinated disaster impact assessments to generate a detailed understanding of natural hazards impacts.  相似文献   

Measurement of stratospheric aerosol on Saturn using an eclipse of Titan     

Dale W. Smith  Richard W. Shorthill  Paul E. Johnson  E. Budding  A.S. Asaad 《Icarus》1981,46(3):424-428

An eclipse of Titan by Saturn was observed on December 20, 1979, to measure the aerosol content in the atmosphere of Saturn. The measurements were made with the 74-in. telescope of the Helwan Observatory, Egypt, in the bandpass 6300–7300 Å and extend to ～5 magnitudes of eclipse darkening. The faint portion of the lightcurve unambiguously requires the presence of aerosol in the lower stratosphere of Saturn. The aerosol extends to at least 20 km above the tropopause and has a one-way stratospheric vertical optical depth of 0.4_?0.02^+0.04 at 6700 Å. The results apply to the sunset terminator at a cronographic latitude of 23°S.  相似文献   

What Should Geodesy do now?     

H. Dale Langford 《Journal of Geodesy》1978,52(4):343-345

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