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91.
92.
Josef Ladurner 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1955,5(3):215-226
Ohne ZusammenfassungMit 14 Gefügediagrammen. 相似文献
93.
94.
The changes of pressure and temperature fields in the winter lower troposphere observed in association with changes in solar and/or geomagnetic activity are compared. It is shown that the fact whether it was solar or geomagnetic activity was not so important as whether the levels of the two activities were high or low. The differences between the effects of solar/geomagnetic activity, however, are revealed, the pressure and temperature data being stratified according to the QBO phase. The relationship obtained are discussed from the viewpoint of mechanisms resting upon both the planetary wave propagation and the changes of atmospheric air currents in the global electric circuit. 相似文献
95.
Focal mechanisms of 70 events of the January 1997 earthquake swarm were analysed using the Gephart and Forsyth method to determine the state of stress in the West Bohemia/Vogtland region and to reveal possible stress variations during the swarm activity. The method was applied to the whole set of 70 focal mechanisms and to several subsets distinguishing magnitudes of events and the spatial and temporal distribution of the swarm. The three representative stress models A (
1
,A: 0/45 (az/dip),
2
A: 134/35,
3
A: 243/25), B (
1
,B: 162/38,
2
B: 263/14,
3
B: 10/49), and C (
1
C: 135/30,
2
C: 1/50,
3
C: 239/23) which could characterise the state of stress in the region were found. Model C can be considered to be the most probable stress model because of its consistency with the European stress field. The results of the stress analysis applied to the individual subsets of focal mechanisms indicate that the state of stress was more uniform during the first phase of the swarm.
To distinguish between the fault plane and the auxiliary plane of fault plane solutions a statistical approach was used. The results showed that the fault planes striking NW-SE and dipping 45° to NE were activated during the swarm. 相似文献
96.
Comparison of Absolute and Relative Moment Tensor Solutions For The January 1997 West Bohemia Earthquake Swarm 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Moment tensor solutions for 70 clustered events of the 1997 West Bohemia microearthquake swarm, as calculated by two different methods, are given. The first method is a single-event, absolute moment tensor inversion which inverts body-wave peak amplitudes using synthetic Green functions. The second method is a multiple-event, relative method for which Green functions are reduced to 2 geometrical angles of rays at the sources. Both methods yield similar moment tensors, which can be divided into at least two or three different classes of focal solutions, indicating that, during the swarm activity, different planes of weakness were active. The major source component of most events is a double couple. However, the deviations from the double-couple mechanisms seem to be systematic for some classes of solutions. Error analysis was based on transforming the estimate of the standard deviation of amplitudes extracting from the seismograms into confidence regions of the absolute moment tensor. They show that the non-DC components are significant at a fairly high confidence level. 相似文献
97.
从国际治湖经验探讨太湖富营养化的治理 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
湖泊富营养化已经成为影响湖泊流域社会经济可持续发展的因素之一,应该充分认识目前我国湖泊富营养化问题的普遍性以及解决问题的迫切性。从国际湖泊富营养化治理的经验看,有效地控制面源和点源污染仍然是湖泊富营养化治理的重要前提;颁布严格的保护水资源的法律,确保饮用水安全是重中之重;应建立全流域统一的水资源保护合作机制,特别是注重把流域综合管理的思想引入湖泊富营养化治理;制定长期的湖泊富营养化治理计划, 细化具体的阶段治理目标。坚持湖泊治理的方向,不能放弃太湖的治理。 相似文献
98.
99.
100.
Rounding of pumice clasts during transport: field measurements and laboratory studies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Volcanic clasts in many pyroclastic density current deposits are notably more round than their counterparts in corresponding
fall deposits. This increase in roundness and sphericity reflects different degrees of comminution, abrasion and breakup during
transport. We performed experimental measurements to determine an empirical relationship between particle shape and mass loss caused by particle–particle interactions. We consider, as examples, pumice
from four volcanoes: Medicine Lake, California; Lassen, California; Taupo, New Zealand; Mount St Helens, Washington. We find
that average sample roundness reaches a maximum value once particles lose between 15% and 60% of their mass. The most texturally
homogeneous clasts (Taupo) become the most round. Crystal-rich pumice abrades more slowly than crystal-free pumice of similar
density. Abrasion rates also decrease with time as particles become less angular. We compare our experimental measurements
with the shapes of clasts in one of the May 18, 1980 pyroclastic density current units at Mount St Helens, deposited 4–8 km
from the vent. The measured roundness of these clasts is close to the experimentally determined maximum value. For a much
smaller deposit from the 1915 Lassen eruption, clast roundness is closer to the value for pumice in fall deposits and suggests
that only a few volume percent of material was removed from large clasts. In neither field deposit do we see a significant
change in roundness with increasing distance from the vent. We suggest that this trend is recorded because much of the rounding
and ash production occur in proximal regions where the density currents are the most energetic. As a result, all clasts that
are deposited have experienced similar amounts of comminution in the proximal region, and similar amounts of abrasion as they
settle through the dense, near-bed region prior to final deposition. 相似文献