Rivers of North-Rhine Westphalia revisited: Tracing changes in river chemistry   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Andrea Stgbauer  Harald Strauss  Julia Arndt  Victoria Marek  Florian Einsiedl  Robert van Geldern 《Applied Geochemistry》2008,23(12):3290-3304

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The Neogene Fohnsdorf Basin: basin formation and basin inversion during lateral extrusion in the Eastern Alps (Austria)     

R. F. Sachsenhofer  A. Kogler  H. Polesny  P. Strauss  M. Wagreich 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2000,89(2):415-430

The evolution of the early/middle Miocene Fohnsdorf Basin has been studied using borehole data, reflection seismic lines, and vitrinite reflectance. The basin is located along the sinistral Mur-Mürz fault system and probably formed as an asymmetric pull-apart basin, which was subsequently modified by halfgraben tectonics, as a consequence of eastward lateral extrusion. Sedimentation started with the deposition of fluvio-deltaic sediments. Thick coal accumulated in the northwestern basin. Thereafter subsidence rates increased dramatically with the formation of a lake several hundred meters deep. The lake was filled mainly from the north with more than 1500?m of sediments showing a coarsening-upward trend due to southward prograding deltaic lobes. A sequence of more than 1000?m of boulder gravels (Blockschotter) in the southeastern part of the basin are interpreted as the upper part of a coarse-grained fan delta succession, which accumulated along a normal fault along the southern basin margin. Fan deltas reached the central basin only during the early stages of sedimentation and during the late stages of basin formation. Miocene heat flow was approximately 65–70?mW/m², which is significantly lower than in other basins along the Mur-Mürz fault system. The present-day southwestern basin margin is a recent feature, which is related to transpression along the dextral Pöls-Lavanttal fault system. It is formed by reverse faults constituting the northeastern part of a flower structure. Miocene sediments in the Feeberg valley are preserved along its southwestern part. Uplift of the central part of the flower structure was at least 2.4?km. North–south compression resulted in the deformation of the basin fill, uplift of the E/W-trending basement ridge separating the Fohnsdorf and Seckau basins, and in the erosion of 1750?m of sediments along the northern basin margin.  相似文献   

On the Pulse Shape of Ground-Level Enhancements     

R. D. Strauss  O. Ogunjobi  H. Moraal  K. G. McCracken  R. A. Caballero-Lopez 《Solar physics》2017,292(4):51

We study the temporal intensity profile, or pulse shape, of cosmic ray ground-level enhancements (GLEs) by calculating the rise \(( \tau_{\mathrm{r}})\) and decay \((\tau_{\mathrm{d}})\) times for a small subset of all available events. Although these quantities show very large inter-event variability, a linear dependence of \(\tau_{ \mathrm{d}} \approx 3.5 \tau_{\mathrm{r}}\) is found. We interpret these observational findings in terms of an interplanetary transport model, thereby including the effects of scattering (in pitch-angle) as these particles propagate from (near) the Sun to Earth. It is shown that such a model can account for the observed trends in the pulse shape, illustrating that interplanetary transport must be taken into account when studying GLE events, especially their temporal profiles. Furthermore, depending on the model parameters, the pulse shape of GLEs may be determined entirely by interplanetary scattering, obscuring all information regarding the initial acceleration process, and hence making a classification between impulsive and gradual events, as is traditionally done, superfluous.  相似文献   

Geochronological constraints on Caledonian strike–slip displacement in Svalbard,with implications for the evolution of the Arctic     

Karol Faehnrich  Jaros&#x;aw Majka  David Schneider  Stanis&#x;aw Mazur  Maciej Manecki  Grzegorz Ziemniak  Virginia T. Wala  Justin V. Strauss 《地学学报》2020,32(4):290-299

The timing of Svalbard's assembly in relation to the mid‐Paleozoic Caledonian collision between Baltica and Laurentia remains contentious. The Svalbard archipelago consists of three basement provinces bounded by N–S‐trending strike–slip faults whose displacement histories are poorly understood. Here, we report microstructural and mineral chemistry data integrated with ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar muscovite geochronology from the sinistral Vimsodden‐Kosibapasset Shear Zone (VKSZ, southwest Svalbard) and explore its relationship to adjacent structures and regional deformation within the circum‐Arctic. Our results indicate that strike–slip displacement along the VKSZ occurred in late Silurian–Early Devonian and was contemporaneous with the beginning of the main phase of continental collision in Greenland and Scandinavia and the onset of syn‐orogenic sedimentation in Silurian–Devonian fault‐controlled basins in northern Svalbard. These new‐age constraints highlight possible links between escape tectonics in the Caledonian orogen and mid‐Paleozoic terrane transfer across the northern margin of Laurentia.  相似文献   

Geocoding Large Population‐level Administrative Datasets at Highly Resolved Spatial Scales     

Sharon E. Edwards  Benjamin Strauss  Marie Lynn Miranda 《Transactions in GIS》2014,18(4):586-603

Using geographic information systems to link administrative databases with demographic, social, and environmental data allows researchers to use spatial approaches to explore relationships between exposures and health. Traditionally, spatial analysis in public health has focused on the county, ZIP code, or tract level because of limitations to geocoding at highly resolved scales. Using 2005 birth and death data from North Carolina, we examine our ability to geocode population‐level datasets at three spatial resolutions – zip code, street, and parcel. We achieve high geocoding rates at all three resolutions, with statewide street geocoding rates of 88.0% for births and 93.2% for deaths. We observe differences in geocoding rates across demographics and health outcomes, with lower geocoding rates in disadvantaged populations and the most dramatic differences occurring across the urban‐rural spectrum. Our results suggest that highly resolved spatial data architectures for population‐level datasets are viable through geocoding individual street addresses. We recommend routinely geocoding administrative datasets to the highest spatial resolution feasible, allowing public health researchers to choose the spatial resolution used in analysis based on an understanding of the spatial dimensions of the health outcomes and exposures being investigated. Such research, however, must acknowledge how disparate geocoding success across subpopulations may affect findings.  相似文献   

A method to evaluate the usability of interactive climate change impact decision aids   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Gabrielle Wong-Parodi  Baruch Fischhoff  Ben Strauss 《Climatic change》2014,126(3-4):485-493

Reducing the impacts from climate change requires people to make decisions that may prompt substantial changes in their lives. One possible way to help them is with personalized decision aids. Here we describe a method for evaluating such aids, in terms of how they affect users’ understanding of their situation, defined in terms of their (a) knowledge, (b) consistency of preferences, and (c) active mastery of the material. Our method provides a simple way to evaluate the usability of climate-change decision aids, and to address concerns that the choice of display could bias users’ attitudes. We demonstrate it with the Surging Seas Risk Finder, a decision aid focused on coastal flooding (http://sealevel.climatecentral.org/).  相似文献   

The bright end of the luminosity function of red sequence galaxies     

Yeong-Shang Loh  Michael A. Strauss 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,366(2):373-386

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SfM-MVS Photogrammetry for Splash Erosion Monitoring under Natural Rainfall     

Tomáš Laburda  Josef Krása  David Zumr  Jan Devátý  Michal Vrána  Nives Zambon  Lisbeth Lolk Johannsen  Andreas Klik  Peter Strauss  Tomáš Dostál 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(5):1067-1082

An understanding of splash erosion is the basis to describe the impact of rain characteristics on soil disturbance. In typical splash cup experiments, splashed soil is collected, filtered, and weighed. As a way to collect additional data, our experiments have been supplemented by a photogrammetric approach. A total of three soils were tested across three sites, one in the Czech Republic and two in Austria, all equipped with rain gauges and disdrometers to measure rainfall parameters. The structure from motion multiview stereo (SfM-MVS) photogrammetric method was used to measure the raindrops impact on the soil surface. The images were processed using Agisoft PhotoScan, resulting in orthophotos and digital elevation models (DEMs) with a resolution of 0.1 mm/pix. The surface statistics included the mean surface height (whose standard deviation was used as a measure of surface roughness), slope, and other parameters. These parameters were evaluated depending on soil texture and rainfall parameters. The results show a linear correlation between consolidation and splash erosion with a coefficient of determination (R²) of approximately 0.65 for all three soils. When comparing the change in soil volume with rainfall parameters, the best correlation was found with the maximum 30-minintensity (I₃₀), resulting in R² values of 0.48 (soil A, silt loam, 26% clay), 0.59 (soil B, silt loam, 18% clay), and 0.68 (soil C, loamy sand, 12% clay). The initial increase in the sample volume for the lowest splashed mass corresponds with the increase in the clay content of each of the soils. Soil A swells the most. Soil B swells less. Soil C does not swell at all and consolidates the most. We derived the relationship between the photogrammetrically measured change in surface height and the splash erosion (measured by weight) by accounting for the effect of the clay content.  相似文献   

Differentiation and crystallization conditions of basalts from the Kerguelen large igneous province: an experimental study   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Marcus Freise  Francois Holtz  Marcus Nowak  James S. Scoates  Holger Strauss 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2009,158(4):505-527

Phase relations of basalts from the Kerguelen large igneous province have been investigated experimentally to understand the effect of temperature, fO₂, and fugacity of volatiles (e.g., H₂O and CO₂) on the differentiation path of LIP basalts. The starting rock samples were a tholeiitic basalt from the Northern Kerguelen Plateau (ODP Leg 183 Site 1140) and mildly alkalic basalt evolved from the Kerguelen Archipelago (Mt. Crozier on the Courbet Peninsula), representing different differentiation stages of basalts related to the Kerguelen mantle plume. The influence of temperature, water and oxygen fugacity on phase stability and composition was investigated at 500 MPa and all experiments were fluid-saturated. Crystallization experiments were performed at temperatures between 900 and 1,160°C under oxidizing (log fO₂ ~ ΔQFM + 4) and reducing conditions (log fO₂ ~ QFM) in an internally heated gas-pressure vessel equipped with a rapid quench device and a Pt-Membrane for monitoring the fH₂. In all experiments, a significant influence of the fO₂ on the composition and stability of the Mg/Fe-bearing mineral phases could be observed. Under reducing conditions, the residual melts follow a tholeiitic differentiation trend. In contrast, melts have high Mg# [Mg²⁺/(Mg²⁺ + Fe²⁺)] and follow a calk-alkalic differentiation trend at oxidizing conditions. The comparison of the natural phenocryst assemblages with the experimental products allows us to constrain the differentiation and pre-eruptive conditions of these magmas. The pre-eruptive temperature of the alkalic basalt was about 950–1,050°C. The water content of the melt was below 2.5 wt% H₂O and strongly oxidizing conditions (log fO₂ ~ ΔQFM + 2) were prevailing in the magma chamber prior to eruption. The temperature of the tholeiitic melt was above 1,060°C, with a water content below 2 wt% H₂O and a log fO₂ ~ ΔQFM + 1. Early fractionation of clinopyroxene is a crucial step resulting in the generation of silica-poor and alkali-rich residual melts (e.g., alkali basalt). The enrichment of alkalis in residual melts is enhanced at high fO₂ and low aH₂O.  相似文献   

Modeling climate change and biophysical impacts of crop production in the Austrian Marchfeld Region     

Franziska Strauss  Erwin Schmid  Elena Moltchanova  Herbert Formayer  Xiuying Wang 《Climatic change》2012,111(3-4):641-664

Climate change affects major biophysical processes in agricultural crop production (e.g. evaporation of plants and soils, nutrient cycles, and growth of plants). This analysis aims to assess some of these effects by simulating regional climate projections that are integrated in the biophysical process model EPIC (Environmental Policy Integrated Climate). Statistical climate models have been developed for six weather parameters based on daily weather records of a weather station in the Austrian Marchfeld region from 1975 to 2006. These models have been used to estimate daily weather parameters for the period 2007–2038. The resulting projections have been compared to climate scenarios provided from the TYNDALL Centre for Climate Change Research, which are based on General Circulation Models (GCMs). The comparison indicates some differences, namely a smaller temperature increase and a higher precipitation amount in the TYNDALL data. Both climate datasets have been used to simulate impacts of climate change on crop yields, topsoil organic carbon content, and nitrate leaching with EPIC and thus to perform a sensitivity analysis of EPIC. Yield impacts have been assessed for four simulated crops, i.e. 6.2?t/ha for winter wheat for statistical climate projections compared to 5.7?t/ha for TYNDALL scenarios, 10.6?t/ha for corn compared to 10.5?t/ha, 3.9?t/ha for sunflower compared to 3.7?t/ha, and 4.5?t/ha for spring barley compared to 4.3?t/ha—all values as an average over the period 2007–2038. Smaller differences have been simulated for topsoil organic carbon content i.e. 55.1?t/ha for the statistical climate projections compared to 55.3?t/ha for the TYNDALL scenarios and nitrate leaching i.e. 7.1?kg/ha compared to 11.1?kg/ha. All crop yields as well as topsoil organic carbon content and nitrate leaching show highest sensitivity to temperature and solar radiation.  相似文献