Numerical analysis of the effect of natural microcracks on the supercritical CO2 fracturing crack network of shale rock based on bonded particle models          下载免费PDF全文

Peihuo Peng  Yang Ju  Yongliang Wang  Shaoqin Wang  Feng Gao 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2017,41(18):1992-2013

The problem of predicting the geometric structure of induced fractures is highly complex and significant in the fracturing stimulation of rock reservoirs. In the traditional continuous fracturing models, the mechanical properties of reservoir rock are input as macroscopic quantities. These models neglect the microcracks and discontinuous characteristics of rock, which are important factors influencing the geometric structure of the induced fractures. In this paper, we simulate supercritical CO₂ fracturing based on the bonded particle model to investigate the effect of original natural microcracks on the induced‐fracture network distribution. The microcracks are simulated explicitly as broken bonds that form and coalesce into macroscopic fractures in the supercritical CO₂ fracturing process. A calculation method for the distribution uniformity index (DUI) is proposed. The influence of the total number and DUI of initial microcracks on the mechanical properties of the rock sample is studied. The DUI of the induced fractures of supercritical CO₂ fracturing and hydraulic fracturing for different DUIs of initial microcracks are compared, holding other conditions constant. The sensitivity of the DUI of the induced fractures to that of initial natural microcracks under different horizontal stress ratios is also probed. The numerical results indicate that the distribution of induced fractures of supercritical CO₂ fracturing is more uniform than that of common hydraulic fracturing when the horizontal stress ratio is small.  相似文献   

Evaluating the spatiotemporal variations of water budget across China over 1951–2006 using IBIS model     

Qiuan Zhu  Hong Jiang  Xiaohua Wei  Changhui Peng  Xiuqing Fang  Shirong Liu  Guomo Zhou  Shuquan Yu  Weiming Ju 《水文研究》2010,24(4):429-445

The Integrated Biosphere Simulator is used to evaluate the spatial and temporal patterns of the crucial hydrological variables [run‐off and actual evapotranspiration (AET)] of the water balance across China for the period 1951–2006 including a precipitation analysis. Results suggest three major findings. First, simulated run‐off captured 85% of the spatial variability and 80% of the temporal variability for 85 hydrological gauges across China. The mean relative errors were within 20% for 66% of the studied stations and within 30% for 86% of the stations. The Nash–Sutcliffe coefficients indicated that the quantity pattern of run‐off was also captured acceptably except for some watersheds in southwestern and northwestern China. The possible reasons for underestimation of run‐off in the Tibetan plateau include underestimation of precipitation and uncertainties in other meteorological data due to complex topography, and simplified representations of the soil depth attribute and snow processes in the model. Second, simulated AET matched reasonably with estimated values calculated as the residual of precipitation and run‐off for watersheds controlled by the hydrological gauges. Finally, trend analysis based on the Mann–Kendall method indicated that significant increasing and decreasing patterns in precipitation appeared in the northwest part of China and the Yellow River region, respectively. Significant increasing and decreasing trends in AET were detected in the Southwest region and the Yangtze River region, respectively. In addition, the Southwest region, northern China (including the Heilongjiang, Liaohe, and Haihe Basins), and the Yellow River Basin showed significant decreasing trends in run‐off, and the Zhemin hydrological region showed a significant increasing trend. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Impoverishment of recent floodplain forest mollusc fauna in the lower Ohře River (Czech Republic) as a result of prehistoric human impact     

Lucie Juřičková  Jitka Horáčková  Vojen Ložek  Michal Horsák 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2013,42(4):932-946

Analyses of fossil mollusc successions have rarely been used to study the development of floodplain forests during the Holocene. The Oh?e River, located in a prehistorically settled chernozem area in the Czech Republic, is partly situated in Cretaceous marlstones, yielding sediments suitable for fossilization directly in floodplain deposits. We analysed five fossil mollusc successions situated in the lower stretch of the Oh?e River and compared the results with recent mollusc assemblages studied along the entire 256 km of the river. Fossil samples were composed mostly of open‐country species throughout the Holocene or the whole preserved succession. Only some samples also contained woodland assemblages, but these were always greatly impoverished, with a very low frequency of strictly woodland species. Although the natural‐looking appearance of the present‐day floodplain forests of the lower river stretch has resulted in its being declared a nature reserve, modern floodplain forest mollusc assemblages there are also impoverished. This reduction in the distribution of strictly woodland species compared with modern assemblages in the upper stretch of the river seems to be the result of an ancient human settlement and continuous disturbances of the floodplain forest development since the Neolithic. Thus, fully developed floodplain forest assemblages occur recently only in the upper non‐impacted stretch of the river. Based on the studied fossil successions we can conclude that the lower Oh?e River floodplain was probably a mosaic of open and disturbed forest habitats throughout the Holocene. This area is part of a central European landscape island, where forests probably never fully developed and open patches from the early Holocene continually developed into an agricultural landscape.  相似文献   

Identification of motion parameters from spatio-temporal atmospheric temperature patterns     

L. Ju. Fradkin  F. B. Knox 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1985,31(1):65-88

In near-calm conditions it is difficult to make direct measurements of atmospheric advection reliably and cheaply, particularly at many points over a large area. An alternative indirect method is examined using time-series measurements of atmospheric temperature (or any other convenient conserved field variable) at points on a spatial grid.System identification methodology is applied to analyze atmospheric temperature data obtained in such near-calm conditions during an experiment with a low-flying helicopter. A three-parameter numerical model of atmospheric advection has been identified in the temperature data, the advection parameters being an eddy diffusion coefficient and horizontal components of the wind velocity. It has been demonstrated by analysis of all the assumptions, and using simulated data, that in this case the standard least-square procedure can be applied to recover sensible parameter estimates, even though the model is of the error-in-variables type and parameters appear to change abruptly at certain moments of time (but by a reasonably small amount). The parameter estimates have been validated against independent data.  相似文献   

唐山大震前后震区构造应力场的光弹性模拟实验          下载免费PDF全文

郭世凤  陈葛天  李淑恭  鞠德祥 《地震工程学报》1984,6(3):55-61

本文根据唐山震区的地质构造模拟制作光弹模型,以N60°E方向加压进行唐山震前应力场的光弹性模拟实验。用打孔的方法模拟强震的应力释放。实验结果表明:1.在N60°E方向压缩时,唐山—丰南一带、滦县、野鸡坨和卢龙等地区是最大剪应力集中区,与唐山7.8级、滦县7.1级地震及强余震的震中分布基本吻合。说明唐山大震及余震的发生是近东西向压应力场作用的结果。2.当唐山7.8级地震应力释放后,震前具有高应力背景值的其它地区,应力进一步加强。说明唐山地震的发生导致了应力场的重新调整,增强了强余震发震的动力条件。3.实验结果证明,在断裂带两侧、端部或几条断裂的复合部位,其主应力方向与区域应力场的总体方向比较,大致有10°～25°的偏转。强震的应力释放导致震中区附近的主应力方向与震前相比也发生约10°～20°的偏差。  相似文献   

中国西北大旱年发生概率的统计推断   总被引：6，自引：7，他引：6  

栗珂  赵东  杨碧轩  郭宏武  高炬 《高原气象》2001,20(1):66-70

根据中国西北近500a旱涝等级资料，用Bernoulli试验等理论模式，对大旱年发生的概率特征进行了研究，得出大旱年发生的统计规律。在全球气候变暖的大背景下，给出了21世纪中国西北大旱年发生概率的统计推断结果。  相似文献   

中国高放废物处置库选址中灵敏地质特征的初步确认   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

陈伟明  王驹  若杉圭一郎 《铀矿地质》2001,17(2):65-69,96

本文首先根据中国、瑞士和日本3国高放废物处置概念的相似性，建立中国第一处置库系统性能评价模型；然后通过对9个地质变量在8个事件中的灵敏度分析，初步确认出3个灵敏地质物征。此项研究对中国目前高放废物处置库选址工作有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

喜马拉雅构造-成矿域及其成矿效应初步分析   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

王成善  唐菊兴  顾雪祥  陆彦 《矿物岩石》2001,(3)

通过近年来的研究 ,提出了全新的喜马拉雅构造 -成矿域概念。从大喜马拉雅构造域及其成矿效应出发 ,通过构造域对矿集区的控制作用、成矿时代、成矿物质来源、深部过程与成矿效应的分析 ,从而较全面地评价了青藏高原及邻区的资源潜力和需要进一步工作的重要成矿带或矿集区。通过分析认为喜马拉雅构造 -成矿域内强烈的壳幔物质交换 ,下地壳翻天覆地的物质和流体交换 ,导致了在同一构造地质单元内可以有一个或多个超大型矿床的存在。并对多个重要矿床类型提出了更切合实际的观点 ,如西藏甲马铜钼银铅锌金多金属矿床属于矽卡岩 -斑岩复合型 ,云南羊拉铜钼金多金属矿床也属于矽卡岩 -斑岩复合型矿床等。在喜马拉雅构造域内形成的燕山晚期或喜马拉雅期矿床大多和大陆地壳深部复杂的动力学过程有关 ,所形成的矿床矿物组合及成矿元素组合复杂 ,特别是矿石中钴、银元素含量较高 ,许多矿床中银、钴已经作为主要成矿元素。最后明确提出了青藏高原主体及东缘重要矿集区的资源潜力  相似文献   

试论中西古典地理学思想渊源   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

鞠继武 《地理研究》1992,11(1):5-14

地理环境、生产活动及哲学思想,是我国先秦时期和古希腊时期的古典地理学思想发轫的主要渊源。由于先秦和古希腊在地理环境,生产活动及哲学思想上的差异,因而双方古典地理学的发展,异多于同,各具特色。  相似文献   

Isomorphic sodium admixture in garnets formed at high pressures     

N. V. Sobolev Jr.  Ju. G. Lavrent'ev 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1971,31(1):1-12

Na₂O contents were determined by electron microprobe analysis in 124 garnets from diamonds, xenoliths of peridotites, eclogites from kimberlitic pipes and metamorphic complexes. Na₂O content ranges between 0.01 and 0.22% with the limit of detection at about 0.01%. In the garnets of diamond-bearing eclogites and orange garnets from diamonds a regular increase in the Na₂O content has been established, varying from 0.09 to 0.22, as compared to garnets from eclogites of metamorphic complexes (range 0.01 to 0.06). It is assumed that the increased Na₂O content in the garnets of eclogites is mainly connected with higher pressure, whereas isomorphism of sodium is connected with the initial stages of the transition from Si⁴ to Si⁶ in the garnet structure: CaAlNaSi.The study of the sodium content of garnets has shown that all the orange-coloured garnets from diamonds so far studied are related to eclogite assemblage. Determination of the Na₂O content of individual inclusions of chrome pyropes from diamonds permits a conclusion on the type of assemblage (with or without clinopyroxene). Proceeding from these data, the importance of garnet-olivine paragenesis within the stability field of diamond has been revealed.Some clear distinctions in the sodium content of the garnets from xenoliths of the kyanite eclogites from the Zagadochnaya pipe in Yakutia and the Roberts Victor mine in South Africa confirm the relation of these eclogites to different subfacies.A conclusion is drawn as to the possibility of utilizing the Na/Na+Ca distribution in the garnets and pyroxenes of eclogites of especially deep-seated origin as a pressure indicator and to the necessity for experimental testing of the dependence of the distribution of these elements in garnets and pyroxenes on pressure, presumably in the range of 30–100 kbars.  相似文献