Spatial and temporal variation of the nekton and hyperbenthos from a temperate European estuary with regulated freshwater inflow     

Pilar Drake  Alberto M. Arias  Francisco Baldó  José A. Cuesta  Antonio Rodríguez  Alfonso Silva-Garcia  Ignacio Sobrino  Diego García-González  Carlos Fernández-Delgado 《Estuaries and Coasts》2002,25(3):451-468

The aquatic macrofauna of the Guadalquivir estuary were sampled (1 mm mesh persiana net) at 5 sampling sites located along the entire (except the tidal freshwater region) estuarine gradient of salinity (outer 50 km). A total of 134 fish and macroinvertebrate species was collected but only 62 were considered common or regularly present in the estuary. Univariate measures of the community structure showed statistically significant differences among sampling sites: species richness, abundance, and biomass decreased in the upstream direction, being positively correlated with the salinity. Temporal differences of these three variables were also statistically significant. While a clear seasonal pattern (minimum densities in winter and maximum in spring-summer) was observed for abundance and biomass, no such pattern existed for the number of species. Mysids was the most dominant group throughout the estuary (96% to 99% of abundance; 49% to 85% of biomass), although fish biomass was also important at the outer estuary (36% to 38%). Multivariate analyses indicated highly significant spatial variation in the macrofaunal communities observed along the salinity gradient. These analyses suggest that the underlying structure was a continuum with more or less overlapping distributions of the species dependent on their ability to tolerate different physicochemical conditions. There were also significant temporal (intermonthly + interannual) variation of the estuarine community; the relative multivariate dispersion indicated that monthly variation was more considerable (relative multivariate dispersion >1) at the outer part of the estuary during the wet year (last 20 km) and was higher in the inner stations during the dry year (32 to 50 km from the river mouth). Since a clear negative exponential relationship was observed between the freshwater input (from a dam located 110 km upstream) and water salinity at all sampling stations, it is concluded that the human freshwater management is probably affecting the studied estuarine communities. While the higher seasonal (long-term) stability of the salinity gradient, due to the human control of the freshwater input, may facilitate the recruitment of marine species juveniles during the meteorologically unstable early-spring, the additional (short-term) salinity fluctuations during the warm period may negatively affect species that complete their lifecycle within the estuary.  相似文献   

昆仑山地震前长波辐射异常特征分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

冯蜀青  李萍  杨英莲  张娟 《高原地震》2002,14(2):22-28

应用NOAA、AVHRR资料反演的地气长波辐射值OLR对2001年11月14日昆仑山口西8.1级地震进行了追踪研究。结果表明：2001年10月起OLR出现明显的异常带，随时间的变化，异常区域不断向未来的震源聚拢，并且在未来地震震中区持续存在小的OLR高值闭合区，10月开始OLR出现突出的反常升势。  相似文献   

三原井水位固体潮加卸载响应比的地震异常   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

邢西淳  邵辉成  毛娟  毛胜利  陈建民 《华北地震科学》2002,20(4):40-46

讨论了三原井水位在泾阳4．8级地震前的变化特征，重点是泾阳地震前水位对固体潮响应的变化，即固体潮加卸载响应率与加卸载响应比的变化，对水位观测资料的计算分析表明，震前加卸载响应率及响应比有“平稳－升高－恢复”的特征，说明水位固体潮加卸载响应比方法有可能捕捉5级左右近震的前兆信息。  相似文献   

Alpujarride attribution of the supposed ‘Almagride Complex’ (Betic Internal Zone,Almerı́a Province,Spain)Appartenance Alpujarride du prétendu « Complexe almagride » (Zones internes bétiques,province d'Almeria,Espagne)     

Carlos Sanz de Galdeano  Francisco J Garcı́a Tortosa 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(5):355-362

The differentiation of units in the Sierra de Almagro has been a source of controversy. There were defined the Almagride and Ballabona–Cucharón complexes, the former considered by several authors as part of a Subbetic metamorphosed and outcropping in a tectonic window. In this study, the units of Ballabona, Almagro and Cucharón are integrated into a single one, that of Tres Pacos, because they correspond to different parts of the same stratigraphic series. This unit is tectonically over the Nevado–Filabride Complex. The existence of the Almagride and Ballabona–Cucharón complexes is discarded and their units form part of the Alpujarride Complex. To cite this article: C. Sanz de Galdeano, F.J. Garc??a Tortosa, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 355–362.  相似文献   

Habitat, occurrence and conservation of Saharo-Arabian-Turanian element Forsskaolea tenacissima L. in the Iberian Peninsula   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Javier Cabello  Domingo Alcaraz  Francisco Gmez-Mercado  Juan F. Mota  Javier Navarro  Julio Peas  Esther Gimnez 《Journal of Arid Environments》2003,53(4):491-500

The aim of this study is to assess the Iberian populations of Forsskaolea tenacissima L. according to its biogeographical interest, habitat, geographical range and conservation status. Results point out that they are restricted to gravel wadis of Tabernas Desert (SE Spain), are scarcely included in protected areas and represent historically isolated populations with relict behaviour. We also describe a new association, Senecioni-Forsskaoleetum tenacissimae. Conservation status of species is cause for concern and two conservation actions must be carried out. Firstly, protected areas should house Forsskaolea populations and secondly, phytosociological characterization of a community allows inventorying its habitat and directing conservation efforts to community level.  相似文献   

吉林省土壤中有效锰、铜、钼和锌含量的时空变化   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

杨娟  王冬艳 《世界地质》2003,22(4):392-395

选择吉林省的五个大豆种植区(敦化、桦甸、榆树、农安、白城)、四个水稻种植区(白城、九台、延吉、梅河口)及3个草场分布区(镇赉、洮南、大安)，对其土壤中有效锰、铜、钼和锌的含量在过去20年的变化作了比较和分析。经研究表明：吉林省土壤中有效锰和有效铜含量较20年前有所增高，有效钼含量总体呈降低趋势，中部部分地区和东部地区土壤有效锌含量降低，其余地区含量增高。空间分布东部高于中西部。  相似文献   

天然含钒金红石加热、淬火及电子辐射改性实验研究   总被引：4，自引：5，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

刘娟鲁安怀  郭延军李宁  李巧荣郑佳 《岩石矿物学杂志》2003,22(4):339-344

天然含钒金红石样品经过1273K加热、淬火和高能电子辐照处理后性质发生不同程度的变化。XRD谱峰显示处理前后样品没有发生物相变化，显微IR图谱证明原样、加热、淬火样品的表面有少量吸附水存在，而辐射样品的显微IR图谱上没有检测到吸附水的吸收峰。用XPS分析比较了处理前后样品表面主要元素Ti、O和V的价态及含量，结果表明，原样经过处理后表面钒和氧的原子百分含量增加，其中淬火样品表面吸附水和钒的含量相对于原样增加最为明显，光催化活性相应较高；加热样品表面的吸附水和钒的含量比原样稍有增加，光催化活性与原样相当；电子辐射样品表面钒的原子百分含量相对原样增加不明显，而对水的吸附能力相对原样较低，光催化效率也略低。  相似文献   

An experimental study of nominally symmetric and asymmetric structures isolated with the FPS     

Juan C. de la Llera  Jos L. Almazn 《地震工程与结构动力学》2003,32(6):891-918

This experimental investigation deals with the earthquake behaviour of a nominally symmetric and a mass‐asymmetric three‐storey structural model isolated with the frictional pendulum system (FPS). Both accidental and natural torsion are evaluated in the structure by using recorded accelerations in all building floors and measured deformations at the isolation level. A 3D‐shaking table was used to subject the model to five different ground motions, including impulsive as well as far‐field subduction‐zone type earthquakes. Results show that the analytical predictions of the earthquake behaviour of the isolated structure, as obtained from a physical model of the FPS, are in close agreement with the true complex inelastic measured behaviour of the FPS. Besides, experimental results also validate previous observations about the importance of accounting for the variability of the normal loads in modelling the earthquake behaviour of FPS isolators. Measured torsional deformation amplifications at the base of the building vary, in the mean, from 2.5% to 6% for the symmetric and asymmetric structural configurations, respectively. In relation to the fixed base structure, the reduction factors for the base shear of the isolated structure are, in the mean, about 3.9 for both configurations. Finally, it is concluded that the FPS is capable of controlling the lateral–torsional motions of mass‐asymmetric structures quite effectively by aligning the centre of mass of the superstructure with the centre of pendular and frictional resistance of the isolation system. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Physical model for dynamic analysis of structures with FPS isolators     

Jos L. Almazn  Juan C. De la Llera 《地震工程与结构动力学》2003,32(8):1157-1184

This article presents a physical model for frictional pendulum isolators (FPS) that is ready to be implemented in most commercial software. The model is capable of accounting for effects such as large deformations, sticking, and uplift and impact by sensing the normal loads in the isolators through a gap element. Sticking has been incorporated into the model by extending the Park–Wen hysteretic model to the case of large deformations. The proposed model has been tested against a theoretically ‘exact’ formulation leading to essentially identical results. To facilitate its use, the physical FPS model has been cast into a typical non‐linear structural element format, i.e. with deformation as input and restoring force as output. Examples of a building and a bridge have been chosen to show the potential of the element and to provide further insight into the earthquake response of structures with FPS isolators; in particular, in aspects such as the orientation in placement of the isolator, sticking, P? Δ, and other large deformation effects. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

从激光扫描数据中进行建筑物特征提取研究   总被引：42，自引：4，他引：42  

李必军  方志祥  任娟 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2003,28(1):65-70

提出了一套基于建筑物几何特征的信息挖掘方案，并具体介绍了研究中采用的一些原理、方法与实用算法，从而可以直接从激光扫描数据中提取建筑物的平面外轮廓信息。利用本方案对车载激光扫描系统获取的城市建筑物试验数据进行了具体的处理，并给出了三维建模和可视化表达结果。  相似文献